DeangeloWaley: small changes

2026-02-05T03:37:23Z

small changes

Bot: robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

2022-08-19T15:31:40Z

robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:01, 19 August 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Use Indian English\|date=July ~~2016~~}}		{{Short description\|Indian revolutionary}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=July ~~2016~~}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2022}}
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2022}}
	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| name = Vishnu Ganesh Pingle		\| name = Vishnu Ganesh Pingle
Line 58:		Line 59:

	==Trial and execution==		==Trial and execution==
	Vishnu Ganesh Pingle and a number of other Ghadarites including [[Kartar Singh Sarabha]], [[Harnam Singh]] and [[Bhai Paramanand]] were tried in the [[Lahore Conspiracy trial]] in April 1915 by a special tribunal constituted under the [[Defence of India Act 1915]], for their roles in the [[February plot]].<ref name=Chhabra598/> Pingle was executed by hanging at the [[Lahore]] Central Jail on 16 November 1915, along with Kartar Singh.<ref name=rediff>{{cite web		Vishnu Ganesh Pingle and a number of other Ghadarites including [[Kartar Singh Sarabha]], [[Harnam Singh]] and [[Bhai Paramanand]] were tried in the [[Lahore Conspiracy trial]] in April 1915 by a special tribunal constituted under the [[Defence of India Act 1915]], for their roles in the [[February plot]].<ref name=Chhabra598/> Pingle was executed by hanging at the [[Lahore]] Central Jail on 16 November 1915, along with [[Kartar Singh Sarabha]] and [[Pandit Kanshi Ram]].<ref name=rediff>{{cite web
	\| author = Sreenivasan R		\| author = Sreenivasan R
	\| publisher = rediff		\| publisher = rediff
Line 119:		Line 120:
	[[Category:Ghadar Party]]		[[Category:Ghadar Party]]
	[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]		[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
	~~[[Category:Brahmin Indian independence activists]]~~
	[[Category:Marathi people]]		[[Category:Marathi people]]
	[[Category:Executed revolutionaries]]		[[Category:Executed revolutionaries]]

->Sauzer: Fix misspelling found by Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss – you can help!

2021-11-25T13:38:14Z

Fix misspelling found by Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss – you can help!

Show changes

imported>KylieTastic: -thumb

2021-08-28T14:09:43Z

-thumb

New page

{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vishnu Ganesh Pingle
| birth_date = 2
January 1888<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bharatmatamandir.in/vishnu-ganesh-pingle/|title=Vishnu Ganesh Pingle – Bharatmatamandir|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-18}}</ref> [[Talegaon Dhamdhere]], [[Poona District|Poona]], [[Bombay Presidency]]
| death_date = 16 November 1915
| image = File:Martyr Vishnu Ganesh Pingle.jpg
| caption = Vishnu Ganesh Pingle while a student at the University of Washington
| other_names = Baburde Ganesh Pingle
| birth_place =
| death_place = [[Lahore]], [[British India]]
| movement = [[Swadeshi movement]], [[Indian Independence movement]], [[Ghadar Conspiracy]]
| organization = [[Ghadar Party]]
}}
'''Vishnu Ganesh Pingle''' (2 January 1888 – 16 November 1915) was an [[Indian independence movement|Indian revolutionary]] and a member of the [[Ghadar Party]] who was one of those executed in 1915 following the [[Lahore conspiracy trial]] for his role in the [[Hindu German Conspiracy#February 1915|Ghadar conspiracy]].

==Early life==
Vishnu Ganesh Pingle was born on 2 January 1888 to a Marathi Brahmin family Talegaon Dhamdhere, near [[Poona]] District, in the [[Bombay Presidency]].<ref name=sikhpion>{{cite web
| publisher = sikhpioneers.org
| url=http://www.sikhpioneers.org//ganeshpingle.html
| title=Ganesh Pingle, Sikh pioneers.org
| access-date=2008-01-02
}}</ref> The youngest of nine siblings, Pingle grew up in a loving family and at the age of nine was admitted to the primary school in Talegaon Dabhade. In 1905, Pingle enrolled at the Maharashtra Vidyalaya in Poona which at the time was linked to the [[Bombay University]]. While at school, Pingle came under the influence of the [[Indian independence movement|nationalist movement]] of the time, and actively participated in the movement under [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar|V. D. Savarkar]].<ref name=sikhpion/> However, Pingle later transferred to the Samarth Vidyalaya in Talegoan Dabhade in 1908 following the closure of Maharashtra Vidyalay due to shortage of funds. However, his early involvement in the nationalist movement left a lasting imprint.<ref name=sikhpion/>

In 1910, Samartha Vidyalaya was closed by the British Government. Vishnu left for Mumbai and found employment in Govindrao Potdar's Pioneer Alkali works at Mahim. Mr. Potdar was a nationalist and an expert at explosives. He belonged to the Nationalist Group and introduced Vishnu to his associates. One of them was Hari Laxman Patil, a lawyer from Vasai, with whom Vishnu came to form a close friendship. At the height of the [[Swadeshi Movement]], inspired by the Japanese handloom industry, Pingle began his own small Swadeshi loom at Ausa, near [[Latur]]. However, Pingle's ambition was to be an engineer.<ref name=sikhpion/>

==United States==
{{Main|Ghadar Party|Hindu-German Conspiracy}}
Vishnu was also strongly influenced by the history of the [[American Revolutionary War|American War of Independence]]. In 1911, Pingle left Ausa for the [[United States]]. It is said that he kept the news of his impending departure from his family and only told his elder brother Keshavrao of his plans at the railway station. He reached America via [[Hong Kong]], and enrolled as a student of [[mechanical engineering]] at the [[University of Washington]] in 1912.<ref name=UWlib>{{cite web
| publisher = University of Washington Libraries
| url=http://www.lib.washington.edu/exhibits/southasianstudents/gadar.html
| title=New, thinking, agile, and patriotic: "Hindu" students at the University of Washington, 1908-1915
| access-date=2008-01-02
}}</ref>
While in the United States, Pingle became associated with the Ghadar Party and became an active worker. As [[World War I]] opened in Europe, plans began between the Germans, the [[Berlin Committee]] in Europe and the Ghadarite movement in America to attempt an insurrection in India.

==Ghadar Conspiracy==
{{Main|Ghadar Conspiracy}}
Pingle had known [[Satyen Bhushan Sen]] ([[Jatin Mukherjee]]'s emissary) in the company of Gadhar members (such as [[Kartar Singh Sarabha]]) at the [[University of California, Berkeley]]. Tasked to consolidate contact with the [[Indian revolutionary movement]], as part of the Ghadar Conspiracy, [[Satyen Bhushan Sen]], Kartar Singh Sarabha, V.G. Pingle and a batch of Sikh revolutionaries sailed from America by the S. S. ''Salamin'' in the second half of October 1914. Satyen and Pingle halted in China for a few days to meet the Gadhar leaders (mainly [[Tahal Singh]]) for future plans. They met Dr [[Sun Yat-Sen]] for co-operation. Dr Sun was not prepared to displease the British. After Satyen and party left for India, Tahal sent [[Atmaram Kapur]], [[Santosh Singh|Santokh Singh]] and [[Shiv Dayal Kapur]] to Bangkok for necessary arrangements.<ref>A.C. Bose, ''Indian Revolutionaries Abroad'', pp. 87–8, p. 132. Statemt of Pingle and Mula Singh to Cleveland, d/31-3-1915, H.P. 1916, May 436-439B. Notes on Tahal, Roll 6, RG 118. Also, the ''Rowlatt Report'' §110, §121 and §138. And Bimanbehari Majumdar, ''Militant Nationalism in India'', p. 167</ref>

In November 1914, Pingle, Kartar Singh and Satyen Sen arrived in Calcutta. Satyen introduced Pingle and Kartar Singh to Jatin Mukherjee. "Pingle had long talks with Jatin Mukherjee, who sent them to [[Rash Behari Bose|Rash Behari]]" in Benares with necessary information during the third week of December.<ref>A.C. Bose, pp. 161–2</ref> Satyen remained in Calcutta at 159 Bow Bazar Street. [[Charles Tegart]], the Calcutta police superintendent, was informed of an attempt to tamper with some Sikh troops at the Dakshineswar gunpowder magazine. "A reference to the Military authorities shows that the troops in question were the 93rd Burmans" sent to Mesopotamia. [[Jatin Mukherjee]] and [[Satyen Bhushan Sen]] were seen interviewing these Sikhs.<ref>''Terrorism in Bengal'', Government of West Bengal, Vol. III, p. 505</ref>

Since 1900, the Extremist leaders under Lokamanya [[Tilak]]'s inspiration, turned Benares into a centre for sedition. Sundar Lal (b. 1885, son of Tota Ram, Muzaffarnagar) had given a very objectionable speech in 1907 on [[Shivaji Festival]] in Benares. Follower of Tilak, [[Lala Lajpat Rai]] and [[Sri Aurobindo]], in 1908 this man had accompanied Lala in his UP lecture tour. His organ, the ''Swarajya'' of Allahabad, was warned in April 1908 against sedition. On 22 August 1909, Sundar Lal and Sri Aurobindo delivered "mischievous speeches" in College Square, Calcutta. The ''Karmayogi'' in Hindi was issued in Allahabad since September 1909: controlled by Sri Aurobindo, the Calcutta ''Karmagogin'' was edited by [[Amarendra Chatterjee]] who had introduced Rash Behari to Sundar Lal. In 1915, Pingle will be received in Allahabad by the ''Swarajya'' group.<ref>J.C. Ker, pp. 373–5</ref>

Rash Behari had been in Benares since early 1914. Large number of outrages were committed there between October 1914 and September 1915, 45 of them before February was over. On 18 November 1914, while examining two bomb caps, he and [[Sachin Sanyal]] had been injured. They shifted to a house in Bangalitola, where Pingle visited him with a letter from [[Jatin Mukherjee]] and reported that some 4,000 Sikhs of the Ghadar had already reached Calcutta. 15,000 more were waiting to come and join the rebellion.<ref>''Rowlatt'', §121, §132-§138</ref> Behari sent Pingle and Sachin to Amritsar, to discuss with Mula Singh who had come from Shanghai. Rash Behari's man of confidence, Pingle led a hectic life in UP and Punjab for several weeks.<ref>''Terrorism in Bengal'',[abbrev. ''Terrorism''], Vol. V, p. 170</ref>

During the ''[[Komagata Maru]]'' affray in Budge Budge, near Calcutta, on 29 September 1914, Baba [[Gurdit Singh]] had contacted [[Atulkrishna Ghosh]] and [[Satish Chakravarti]], two eminent associates of [[Jatin Mukherjee]], who actively assisted them. Since then, angry letters from US-based Indians reached India with hope of a German victory; one of the emigrant leaders warned that his associates were in touch with the Bengal revolutionary party. It was at this juncture, in December 1914, that Pingle arrived in the Punjab, promising Bengali co-operation to the malcontent emigrants. A meeting demanded revolution, plundering of Government treasuries, seduction of Indian troops, collection of arms, preparation of bombs and the commission of dacoties. Rash Behari planned collecting gangs of villagers for the rebellion. Simultaneous outbreaks at Lahore, Ferozepore & Rawalpindi was designed. Rising at Dacca, Benares, Jubbalpur to be extended.<ref>''Rowlatt'', §138</ref>

Preparing bombs was a definite part of the Ghadar programme. The Sikh conspirators – knowing very little about it – decided to call in a Bengali expert, as they had known in California Professor Surendra Bose, associate of [[Taraknath Das]]. Towards the end of December 1914, at a meeting at Kapurthala, Pingle announced that a Bengali ''babu'' was ready to co-operate with them. On 3 January 1915, Pingle and Sachindra in Amritsar received Rs 500 from the Ghadar, and returned to Benares.<ref>James Campbell Ker, ''Political Trouble in India'',[abbrev. ''Ker''], p. 367</ref>

Pingle returned to Calcutta with Rash Behari's invitation to the [[Jugantar]] leaders to meet him at Benares for co-ordinating and finalising their plans. Jatin Mukherjee, [[Atulkrishna Ghosh]], [[Naren Bhattacharya]] left for Benares (early January 1915). In a very important meeting, Rash Behari announced the rebellion, proclaiming : "Die for their country." Though through Havildar Mansha Singh, the 16th Rajput Rifles at [[Fort William, India|Fort William]] was successfully approached, Jatin Mukherjee wanted two months for the army revolt, synchronising with the arrival of the German arms. He modified the plan according to the impatience of the Gadhar militants to rush to action. Rash Behari and Pingle went to Lahore. Sachin tampered with the 7th Rajputs (Benares) and the 89th Punjabis at Dinapore. Damodar Sarup [Seth] went to Allahabad. [[Vinayak Rao Kapile]] conveyed bombs from Bengal to Punjab. Bibhuti [Haldar, approver] and Priyo Nath [Bhattacharya?] seduced the troops at Benares; Nalini [Mukherjee] at Jabalpur. On 14 February, Kapile carried from Benares to Lahore a parcel containing materials for 18 bombs.<ref>''Rowlatt'', §121. Also ''Ker'', pp. 377–8</ref>

By the middle of January, Pingle was back in Amritsar with "the fat babu" (Rash Behari); to avoid too many visitors, Rash Behari moved to Lahore after a fortnight. In both the places he collected materials for making bombs and ordered for 80 bomb cases to a foundry at Lahore. Its owner out of suspicion refused to execute the order. Instead, inkpots were used as cases in several of the dacoities. Completed bombs were found during house searches, while Rash Behari escaped. "By then effective contact had been established between the returned Gadharites and the revolutionaries led by Rash Behari, and a large section of soldiers in the NW were obviously disaffected." "It was expected that as soon as the signal was received there would be mutinies and popular risings from the Punjab to Bengal." "48 out of the 81 accused in the Lahore conspiracy case, including Rash Behari's close associates like Pingle, Mathura Singh & Kartar Singh Sarabha, recently arrived from North America."<ref>A.C. Bose, pp. 124–5</ref>

Along with [[Rash Behari Bose]], [[Sachin Sanyal]] and [[Kartar Singh]], Pingle became one of the main coordinators of the attempted mutiny in February 1915. Under Rash Behari, Pingle issued intensive propaganda for revolution from December 1914, sometimes disguised as Shyamlal, a Bengali; sometimes Ganpat Singh, a Punjabi.<ref>B.B. Majumdar, p. 167</ref> Confident of being able to rally the Indian [[sepoy]], the plot for the mutiny took its final shape. The 23rd Cavalry in Punjab was to seize weapons and kill their officers while on roll call on 21 February. This was to be followed by mutiny in the 26th Punjab, which was to be the signal for the uprising to begin, resulting in an advance on Delhi and Lahore. The Bengal revolutionaries contacted the Sikh troops stationed at Dacca through letters of introduction sent by Sikh soldiers of Lahore, and succeeded in winning them over.<ref>B.B. Majumdar, p. 169</ref> The Bengal cell was to look for the ''Punjab Mail'' entering the [[Howrah Station]] the next day (which would have been cancelled if Punjab was seized) and was to strike immediately.
However, the Punjab CID [[Hindu-German Conspiracy#In Asia|successfully infiltrated]] the conspiracy at the last moment through Kirpal Singh: a cousin of the trooper Balwant Singh (23rd Cavalry), US-returned Kirpal, a spy, visited Rash Behari's Lahore headquarters near the Mochi Gate, where over a dozen leaders including Pingle met on 15 February 1915. Kirpal informed the police.<ref>J.C. Ker, p. 369</ref> Sensing that their plans had been compromised, the D-day was brought forward to 19 February, but even these plans found their way to the Punjab CID. Plans for revolt by the 130th Baluchi Regiment at [[Rangoon]] on 21 February were thwarted. Attempted revolts in the 26th Punjab, 7th Rajput, 130th Baluch, 24th Jat Artillery and other regiments were suppressed. Mutinies in [[Firozpur]], [[Lahore]], and [[Agra]] were also suppressed and many key leaders of the conspiracy were arrested, although some managed to escape or evade arrest. A last-ditch attempt was made by Kartar Singh and Pingle to trigger a mutiny in the 12th Cavalry regiment at [[Meerut]].<ref name=Gupta3>{{Harvnb|Gupta|1997|p=3}}</ref> Kartar Singh escaped from Lahore, but was arrested in [[Benares]], and V. G. Pingle was apprehended from the lines of the 12th Cavalry at Meerut, in the night of 23 March 1915. He carried "ten bombs of the pattern used in the attempt to assassinate Lord Hardinge in Delhi," according to Mumbai police report.<ref>B.B. Majumdar, p. 169.</ref> It is said that it was enough to blow up an entire regiment.<ref name=Chhabra598>{{Harvnb|Chhabra|2005|p=598}}</ref> Mass arrests followed as the Ghadarites were rounded up in Punjab and the [[Central Provinces]]. Rash Behari Bose escaped from Lahore and in May 1915 fled to Japan. Other leaders, including [[Giani Pritam Singh]], Swami Satyananda Puri and others fled to [[Thailand]] or other sympathetic nations.<ref name=Gupta3/><ref name=Strachan796>{{Harvnb|Strachan|2001|p=796}}</ref>

==Trial and execution==
Vishnu Ganesh Pingle and a number of other Ghadarites including [[Kartar Singh Sarabha]], [[Harnam Singh]] and [[Bhai Paramanand]] were tried in the [[Lahore Conspiracy trial]] in April 1915 by a special tribunal constituted under the [[Defence of India Act 1915]], for their roles in the [[February plot]].<ref name=Chhabra598/> Pingle was executed by hanging at the [[Lahore]] Central Jail on 16 November 1915, along with Kartar Singh.<ref name=rediff>{{cite web
| author = Sreenivasan R
| publisher = rediff
| url=http://in.rediff.com/news/1996/0412raj.htm
| title=Across a chasm of seventy five years, the eyes of these dead men speak to today's Indian American
| access-date=2008-01-02
}}</ref>

==Legacy==
A street in central [[Mumbai]] suburb of [[Chinchpokli]] is named after him.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.getpincode.info/vishnu-ganesh-pingle-marg-chinchpokli-east|title=Pincode of Vishnu Ganesh Pingle Marg Chinchpokli East_|website=www.getpincode.info|access-date=2019-08-18}}</ref>

Pingle's granddaughter [[Rajani Patil]] is a politician. She has served as a Member of the [[Parliament of India|Indian Parliament]].

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
*{{Cite book
| last1 = Chhabra
| given1 = G S
| year = 2005
| title = Advance Study In The History Of Modern India (Volume-2: 1803-1920)
| url = http://www.a1books.co.in/searchdetail.do?itemCode=818909307X
| publisher = Lotus Press
| isbn = 81-89093-07-X
}}.
*{{Cite journal
| last1 = Gupta
| first1 = Amit K
| title = Defying Death: Nationalist Revolutionism in India, 1897-1938
| journal = Social Scientist
| volume = 25
| issue = 9/10
| date = September–October 1997
| pages = 3–27
| doi = 10.2307/3517678
| jstor = 3517678
}}.
*{{Cite book
| last1 = Strachan
| first1 = Hew
| year = 2001
| title = The First World War. Volume I: To Arms
| publisher = Oxford University Press. USA
| isbn = 0-19-926191-1
}}.
*[http://www.sikhpioneers.org//ganeshpingle.html Ganesh Pingle].
*[http://in.rediff.com/news/1996/0412raj.htm Across a chasm of seventy five years, the eyes of these dead men speak to today's Indian American], [[rediff.com]].
{{refend}}

{{Ghadar Conspiracy}}
{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pingle, Vishnu Ganesh}}
[[Category:1888 births]]
[[Category:1915 deaths]]
[[Category:Hindu–German Conspiracy]]
[[Category:Ghadar Party]]
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Brahmin Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Executed revolutionaries]]
[[Category:20th-century executions by the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Executed Indian people]]
[[Category:People executed by British India by hanging]]
[[Category:People from Pune]]
[[Category:People from Talegaon]]
[[Category:Indian independence armed struggle activists]]

Vishnu Ganesh Pingle - Revision history

DeangeloWaley: small changes

Bot: robot: Create/upgrade articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

->Sauzer: Fix misspelling found by Wikipedia:Typo Team/moss – you can help!

imported>KylieTastic: -thumb