Vishnu - Revision history

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	{{Short description\|Major deity in Hinduism}}		{{Short description\|Major deity in Hinduism}}
	{{Other uses}}		{{Other uses}}
	~~{{Pp\|small=yes}}~~
	{{Pp-extended\|small=yes}}		{{Pp-extended\|small=yes}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=March 2015}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=March 2015}}

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	{{Infobox deity <!--Bharatpedia:WikiProject Hindu mythology-->		{{Infobox deity <!--Bharatpedia:WikiProject Hindu mythology-->
	\| type = Hindu		\| type = Hindu
	\| image = Vishnu ~~from Gita Govinda~~.jpg		\| image = Vishnu in his complete form.jpg
	\| name = Vishnu		\| name = Vishnu
	\| caption = ~~Painting depicting~~ Vishnu~~, c. 1730~~		\| caption = Depiction of Vishnu bearing his attributes
	\| affiliation = {{hlist\|[[Parabrahman]]\|[[Trimurti]]\|[[Brahman]]\|[[Bhagavan]]\|[[Ishvara]]\|[[Dashavatara]]}}		\| affiliation = {{hlist\|[[Parabrahman]]\|[[Trimurti]]\|[[Brahman]]\|[[Bhagavan]]\|[[Ishvara]]\|[[Dashavatara]]}}
	\| deity_of = God of Preservation<ref>{{cite book\|title=Encyclopedia of World Religions\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dbibAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA445\|year=2008\|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.\|isbn=978-1-59339-491-2 \|pages=445–448}}</ref>		\| deity_of = God of Preservation<ref>{{cite book\|title=Encyclopedia of World Religions\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dbibAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA445\|year=2008\|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.\|isbn=978-1-59339-491-2 \|pages=445–448}}</ref>

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	{{Authority control}}		{{Authority control}}

	~~{{Portal bar\|Hinduism\|India\|Religion}}~~

	[[Category:Vishnu\| ]]		[[Category:Vishnu\| ]]

103.155.198.87: /* Iconography */

2023-07-25T21:36:08Z

Iconography

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:06, 26 July 2023
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	== Iconography ==		== Iconography ==
	{{CSS image crop\|Image=Scuola di bilaspur, vishnu e lakshmi, 1810 ca.jpg\|bSize=250\|cWidth=213\|cHeight=240\|oTop=120\|oLeft=17\|Description=Miniature painting of Vishnu and Lakshmi in the [[Salar Jung Museum]], circa 1810\|Location=left}}Vishnu iconography shows him with dark blue, blue-gray or black coloured skin, and as a well-dressed jewelled man. He is typically shown with four arms, but two armed representations are also found in Hindu texts on artworks.<ref name="KossakWatts2001p30" /><ref name="Rao1993p73" />		{{CSS image crop\|Image=Scuola di bilaspur, vishnu e lakshmi, 1810 ca.jpg\|bSize=250\|cWidth=213\|cHeight=240\|oTop=120\|oLeft=17\|Description=Miniature painting of Vishnu and Lakshmi in the [[Salar Jung Museum]], circa 1810\|Location=left}}
			[[File:Lord Narayana.jpg\|thumb\|Vishnu holding Sudarshana Chakra Conch Lotus and Mace]]
			Vishnu iconography shows him with dark blue, blue-gray or black coloured skin, and as a well-dressed jewelled man. He is typically shown with four arms, but two armed representations are also found in Hindu texts on artworks.<ref name="KossakWatts2001p30" /><ref name="Rao1993p73" />

	The historic identifiers of his icon include his image holding a conch shell ([[shankha]] named [[Panchajanya]]) between the first two fingers of one hand (left back), a [[chakra]] – war discus named [[Sudarshana]] – in another (right back). The conch shell is spiral and symbolizes all of interconnected spiraling cyclic existence, while the discus symbolizes him as that which restores dharma with war if necessary when cosmic equilibrium is overwhelmed by evil.<ref name="KossakWatts2001p30"/> One of his arms sometimes carries a ''gada'' (club, mace named [[Kaumodaki]]) which symbolizes authority and power of knowledge.<ref name="KossakWatts2001p30"/> In the fourth arm, he holds a lotus flower (''[[Padma (Vishnu)\|padma]]'') which symbolizes purity and transcendence.<ref name="KossakWatts2001p30">{{cite book\|author1=Steven Kossak\|author2=Edith Whitney Watts\|title=The Art of South and Southeast Asia: A Resource for Educators \|year= 2001 \|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=orBAYzCRJhIC \|publisher= Metropolitan Museum of Art\|isbn= 978-0-87099-992-5\|pages= 30–31, 16, 25, 40–41, 74–78, 106–108}}</ref><ref name="Rao1993p73">{{cite book\|author=T. A. Gopinatha Rao\|title=Elements of Hindu iconography\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MJD-KresBwIC\|year=1993\|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass \|isbn=978-81-208-0878-2\|pages=73–115}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|author=James G. Lochtefeld\|title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism\|year=2002\|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group\|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=5kl0DYIjUPgC&pg=PA137 137], 231 (Vol. 1), 624 (Vol. 2)}}<br />{{}}{{cite book\|title=Vol. 1\|isbn=978-0-8239-3179-8 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5kl0DYIjUPgC\|via=Google Books\|last1=James g. Lochtefeld \|first1=PhD \|date=15 December 2001 }}<br />{{}}{{cite book\|title=Vol. 2\|isbn= 978-0-8239-2287-1 \|url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch \|url-access=registration \|via=Internet Archive\|last1= Lochtefeld \|first1= James G. \|year= 2002 }}</ref> The items he holds in various hands varies, giving rise to twenty four combinations of iconography, each combination representing a special form of Vishnu. Each of these special forms is given a special name in texts such as the ''Agni Purana'' and ''Padma Purana''. These texts, however, are inconsistent.<ref name=bidyabinod>P.B.B. Bidyabinod, Varieties of the Vishnu Image, Memoirs of Archaeological Survey of India, No. 2, Calcutta, pages 23-33</ref> Rarely, Vishnu is depicted bearing the bow [[Sharanga]] or the sword [[Nandaka]]. He is depicted with the [[Kaustubha]] gem in a necklace and wearing [[Vaijayanti]], a garland of forest flowers. The [[shrivatsa]] mark is depicted on his chest in the form of a curl of hair. He generally wears yellow garments. He wears a crown called the [[Kiritamukuta]].<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Blurton \|first=T. Richard \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xJ-lzU_nj_MC&dq=kiritamukuta&pg=PA114 \|title=Hindu Art \|date=1993 \|publisher=Harvard University Press \|isbn=978-0-674-39189-5 \|pages=114 \|language=en}}</ref>		The historic identifiers of his icon include his image holding a conch shell ([[shankha]] named [[Panchajanya]]) between the first two fingers of one hand (left back), a [[chakra]] – war discus named [[Sudarshana]] – in another (right back). The conch shell is spiral and symbolizes all of interconnected spiraling cyclic existence, while the discus symbolizes him as that which restores dharma with war if necessary when cosmic equilibrium is overwhelmed by evil.<ref name="KossakWatts2001p30"/> One of his arms sometimes carries a ''gada'' (club, mace named [[Kaumodaki]]) which symbolizes authority and power of knowledge.<ref name="KossakWatts2001p30"/> In the fourth arm, he holds a lotus flower (''[[Padma (Vishnu)\|padma]]'') which symbolizes purity and transcendence.<ref name="KossakWatts2001p30">{{cite book\|author1=Steven Kossak\|author2=Edith Whitney Watts\|title=The Art of South and Southeast Asia: A Resource for Educators \|year= 2001 \|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=orBAYzCRJhIC \|publisher= Metropolitan Museum of Art\|isbn= 978-0-87099-992-5\|pages= 30–31, 16, 25, 40–41, 74–78, 106–108}}</ref><ref name="Rao1993p73">{{cite book\|author=T. A. Gopinatha Rao\|title=Elements of Hindu iconography\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MJD-KresBwIC\|year=1993\|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass \|isbn=978-81-208-0878-2\|pages=73–115}}</ref><ref>{{cite book \|author=James G. Lochtefeld\|title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism\|year=2002\|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group\|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=5kl0DYIjUPgC&pg=PA137 137], 231 (Vol. 1), 624 (Vol. 2)}}<br />{{}}{{cite book\|title=Vol. 1\|isbn=978-0-8239-3179-8 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5kl0DYIjUPgC\|via=Google Books\|last1=James g. Lochtefeld \|first1=PhD \|date=15 December 2001 }}<br />{{}}{{cite book\|title=Vol. 2\|isbn= 978-0-8239-2287-1 \|url=https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000loch \|url-access=registration \|via=Internet Archive\|last1= Lochtefeld \|first1= James G. \|year= 2002 }}</ref> The items he holds in various hands varies, giving rise to twenty four combinations of iconography, each combination representing a special form of Vishnu. Each of these special forms is given a special name in texts such as the ''Agni Purana'' and ''Padma Purana''. These texts, however, are inconsistent.<ref name=bidyabinod>P.B.B. Bidyabinod, Varieties of the Vishnu Image, Memoirs of Archaeological Survey of India, No. 2, Calcutta, pages 23-33</ref> Rarely, Vishnu is depicted bearing the bow [[Sharanga]] or the sword [[Nandaka]]. He is depicted with the [[Kaustubha]] gem in a necklace and wearing [[Vaijayanti]], a garland of forest flowers. The [[shrivatsa]] mark is depicted on his chest in the form of a curl of hair. He generally wears yellow garments. He wears a crown called the [[Kiritamukuta]].<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Blurton \|first=T. Richard \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xJ-lzU_nj_MC&dq=kiritamukuta&pg=PA114 \|title=Hindu Art \|date=1993 \|publisher=Harvard University Press \|isbn=978-0-674-39189-5 \|pages=114 \|language=en}}</ref>

103.155.198.87 at 04:29, 25 July 2023

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← Older revision		Revision as of 09:59, 25 July 2023
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	*[[Shaligram]]a		*[[Shaligram]]a
	\| siblings = [[Parvati]] or [[Durga]] (ceremonial sister; according to [[Shaivism]])		\| siblings = [[Parvati]] or [[Durga]] (ceremonial sister; according to [[Shaivism]])
	\| member_of = [[Trimurti~~]] and [[Adityas~~]]		\| member_of = [[Trimurti]]
	\| other_names = {{hlist\|[[Hari]]\|[[Narayana]]\|[[Madhava (Vishnu)\|Madhava]]\|[[Keshava]]\|[[Achyuta]]\|[[Janardana]] and various others listed in the ''[[Vishnu Sahasranama]]''}}		\| other_names = {{hlist\|[[Hari]]\|[[Narayana]]\|[[Madhava (Vishnu)\|Madhava]]\|[[Keshava]]\|[[Achyuta]]\|[[Janardana]] and various others listed in the ''[[Vishnu Sahasranama]]''}}
	\| children = *18 sons (from Lakshmi)<ref>{{cite web\| url=https://www.stephen-knapp.com/prayers_to_goddess_lakshmi.htm\|title=Prayers to Goddess Lakshmi }}</ref>		\| children = *18 sons (from Lakshmi)<ref>{{cite web\| url=https://www.stephen-knapp.com/prayers_to_goddess_lakshmi.htm\|title=Prayers to Goddess Lakshmi }}</ref>

103.155.198.87 at 22:55, 24 July 2023

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← Older revision		Revision as of 04:25, 25 July 2023
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	*[[Shaligram]]a		*[[Shaligram]]a
	\| siblings = [[Parvati]] or [[Durga]] (ceremonial sister; according to [[Shaivism]])		\| siblings = [[Parvati]] or [[Durga]] (ceremonial sister; according to [[Shaivism]])
	\| member_of = [[Trimurti]]		\| member_of = [[Trimurti]] and [[Adityas]]
	\| other_names = {{hlist\|[[Hari]]\|[[Narayana]]\|[[Madhava (Vishnu)\|Madhava]]\|[[Keshava]]\|[[Achyuta]]\|[[Janardana]] and various others listed in the ''[[Vishnu Sahasranama]]''}}		\| other_names = {{hlist\|[[Hari]]\|[[Narayana]]\|[[Madhava (Vishnu)\|Madhava]]\|[[Keshava]]\|[[Achyuta]]\|[[Janardana]] and various others listed in the ''[[Vishnu Sahasranama]]''}}
	\| children = *18 sons (from Lakshmi)<ref>{{cite web\| url=https://www.stephen-knapp.com/prayers_to_goddess_lakshmi.htm\|title=Prayers to Goddess Lakshmi }}</ref>		\| children = *18 sons (from Lakshmi)<ref>{{cite web\| url=https://www.stephen-knapp.com/prayers_to_goddess_lakshmi.htm\|title=Prayers to Goddess Lakshmi }}</ref>

103.155.198.87 at 22:39, 24 July 2023

2023-07-24T22:39:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:09, 25 July 2023
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	==Avatars==		==Avatars==
	{{Main\|Avatar\|Dashavatara}}		{{Main\|Avatar\|Dashavatara}}
	[[File:Ten avatars.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Hindu god [[Vishnu]] (centre) surrounded by his [[Dashavatara\|ten major avatars]] (namely [[Matsya]]; [[Kurma]]; [[Varaha]]; [[Narasimha]]; [[Vamana]]; [[Parashurama]]; [[Rama]]; [[Krishna]]; [[Buddha in Hinduism\|Buddha]], and [[Kalki]]), ~~illustrated by [[Raja Ravi Varma]], 1910~~]]		[[File:Ten avatars.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Hindu god [[Vishnu]] (centre) surrounded by his [[Dashavatara\|ten major avatars]] (namely [[Matsya]]; [[Kurma]]; [[Varaha]]; [[Narasimha]]; [[Vamana]]; [[Parashurama]]; [[Rama]]; [[Krishna]]; [[Buddha in Hinduism\|Buddha]], and [[Kalki]]),]]
	The concept of the avatar (or incarnation) within Hinduism is most often associated with Vishnu, the preserver or sustainer aspect of God within the Hindu [[Trimurti]]. The avatars of Vishnu descend to empower the good and to destroy evil, thereby restoring [[Dharma]] and relieving the burden of the Earth. An oft-quoted passage from the ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]'' describes the typical role of an avatar of Vishnu:		The concept of the avatar (or incarnation) within Hinduism is most often associated with Vishnu, the preserver or sustainer aspect of God within the Hindu [[Trimurti]]. The avatars of Vishnu descend to empower the good and to destroy evil, thereby restoring [[Dharma]] and relieving the burden of the Earth. An oft-quoted passage from the ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]'' describes the typical role of an avatar of Vishnu:
	{{Blockquote\|<poem>		{{Blockquote\|<poem>

103.155.198.87 at 22:35, 24 July 2023

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← Older revision		Revision as of 04:05, 25 July 2023
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	{{Infobox deity <!--Wikipedia:WikiProject Hindu mythology-->		{{Infobox deity <!--Wikipedia:WikiProject Hindu mythology-->
	\| type = Hindu		\| type = Hindu
	\| image = ~~Lord Narayana~~.jpg		\| image = Vishnu Surrounded by his Avatars.jpg
	\| name = Vishnu		\| name = Vishnu
	\| caption = ~~Popular depiction of~~ Vishnu ~~bearing~~ his ~~four attributes, illustrated before 1920~~		\| caption = Vishnu (center) surrounded by his [[Dashavatara\|dashavataras]]
	\| affiliation = {{hlist\|[[Parabrahman]]\|[[Trimurti]]\|[[Brahman]]\|[[Bhagavan]]\|[[Ishvara]]\|[[Dashavatara]]}}		\| affiliation = {{hlist\|[[Parabrahman]]\|[[Trimurti]]\|[[Brahman]]\|[[Bhagavan]]\|[[Ishvara]]\|[[Dashavatara]]}}
	\| deity_of = God of Preservation<ref>{{cite book\|title=Encyclopedia of World Religions\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dbibAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA445\|year=2008\|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.\|isbn=978-1-59339-491-2 \|pages=445–448}}</ref>		\| deity_of = God of Preservation<ref>{{cite book\|title=Encyclopedia of World Religions\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dbibAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA445\|year=2008\|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.\|isbn=978-1-59339-491-2 \|pages=445–448}}</ref>

103.155.198.87: /* Avatars */

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Avatars

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:02, 25 July 2023
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	==Avatars==		==Avatars==
	{{Main\|Avatar\|Dashavatara}}		{{Main\|Avatar\|Dashavatara}}
	[[File:~~Vishnu_Surrounded_by_his_Avatars~~.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Hindu god [[Vishnu]] (centre) surrounded by his [[Dashavatara\|ten major avatars]] (namely [[Matsya]]; [[Kurma]]; [[Varaha]]; [[Narasimha]]; [[Vamana]]; [[Parashurama]]; [[Rama]]; [[Krishna]]; [[Buddha in Hinduism\|Buddha]], and [[Kalki]]), illustrated by [[Raja Ravi Varma]], 1910]]		[[File:Ten avatars.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Hindu god [[Vishnu]] (centre) surrounded by his [[Dashavatara\|ten major avatars]] (namely [[Matsya]]; [[Kurma]]; [[Varaha]]; [[Narasimha]]; [[Vamana]]; [[Parashurama]]; [[Rama]]; [[Krishna]]; [[Buddha in Hinduism\|Buddha]], and [[Kalki]]), illustrated by [[Raja Ravi Varma]], 1910]]
	The concept of the avatar (or incarnation) within Hinduism is most often associated with Vishnu, the preserver or sustainer aspect of God within the Hindu [[Trimurti]]. The avatars of Vishnu descend to empower the good and to destroy evil, thereby restoring [[Dharma]] and relieving the burden of the Earth. An oft-quoted passage from the ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]'' describes the typical role of an avatar of Vishnu:		The concept of the avatar (or incarnation) within Hinduism is most often associated with Vishnu, the preserver or sustainer aspect of God within the Hindu [[Trimurti]]. The avatars of Vishnu descend to empower the good and to destroy evil, thereby restoring [[Dharma]] and relieving the burden of the Earth. An oft-quoted passage from the ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]'' describes the typical role of an avatar of Vishnu:
	{{Blockquote\|<poem>		{{Blockquote\|<poem>

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:19, 20 September 2026
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	{{Short description\|Major deity in Hinduism}}		{{Short description\|Major deity in Hinduism}}
	{{Other uses}}		{{Other uses}}
	~~{{Pp\|small=yes}}~~
	{{Pp-extended\|small=yes}}		{{Pp-extended\|small=yes}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=March 2015}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=March 2015}}