Virasena - Revision history

Antoniojaw at 11:13, 29 March 2026

2026-03-29T11:13:33Z

->John of Reading: /* Life */Typo fixing, replaced: initated → initiated

2021-10-12T16:41:03Z

Life: Typo fixing, replaced: initated → initiated

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:11, 12 October 2021
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	Virasena was proficient in astrology, grammar, logic, mathematics and prosody. He wrote ''[[Dhavala]]'', a commentary on Jain canon ''[[Shatakhandagama]]''. He also started the work on ''Jayadhavalaa'' which was competed by his disciples. He was among the jewels of [[Rashtrakuta]] king [[Amoghavarsha]].{{sfn\|Natubhai Shah\|2004\|p=31}}		Virasena was proficient in astrology, grammar, logic, mathematics and prosody. He wrote ''[[Dhavala]]'', a commentary on Jain canon ''[[Shatakhandagama]]''. He also started the work on ''Jayadhavalaa'' which was competed by his disciples. He was among the jewels of [[Rashtrakuta]] king [[Amoghavarsha]].{{sfn\|Natubhai Shah\|2004\|p=31}}

	His lineage started with Chandrasena who initiated Aryanandi.{{sfn\|Pannalal Jain\|1951\|pp=30-31}} Aryanandi initiated Virasena and Jayasena.{{sfn\|Pannalal Jain\|1951\|pp=30-31}} Virasena initiated six disciples who were Dasharayguru, [[Jinasena]], Vinayasena, Shripal, Padmasena and Devasena.{{sfn\|Pannalal Jain\|1951\|pp=30-31}} Dasharayguru and Jinasena ~~initated~~ [[Gunabhadra (Jain monk)\|Gunabhadra]] who later initiated Lokasena.{{sfn\|Pannalal Jain\|1951\|pp=30-31}} Vinayasena ~~initated~~ Kumarasena who started the [[Kashtha Sangha]].{{sfn\|Pannalal Jain\|1951\|pp=30-31}}		His lineage started with Chandrasena who initiated Aryanandi.{{sfn\|Pannalal Jain\|1951\|pp=30-31}} Aryanandi initiated Virasena and Jayasena.{{sfn\|Pannalal Jain\|1951\|pp=30-31}} Virasena initiated six disciples who were Dasharayguru, [[Jinasena]], Vinayasena, Shripal, Padmasena and Devasena.{{sfn\|Pannalal Jain\|1951\|pp=30-31}} Dasharayguru and Jinasena initiated [[Gunabhadra (Jain monk)\|Gunabhadra]] who later initiated Lokasena.{{sfn\|Pannalal Jain\|1951\|pp=30-31}} Vinayasena initiated Kumarasena who started the [[Kashtha Sangha]].{{sfn\|Pannalal Jain\|1951\|pp=30-31}}

	==See also==		==See also==

imported>Capankajsmilyo: /* Sources */Links

2021-05-23T00:52:05Z

Sources: Links

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:22, 23 May 2021
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	\| death_date = {{death year and age\|853\|792}}		\| death_date = {{death year and age\|853\|792}}
	\| works = ''[[Dhavala]]''		\| works = ''[[Dhavala]]''
			\| predecessor = [[Aryanandi]]
	\| successor = [[Jinasena]]		\| successor = [[Jinasena]]
	}}		}}
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	==Life==		==Life==
	Virasena was proficient in astrology, grammar, logic, mathematics and prosody. He wrote ''[[Dhavala]]'', a commentary on Jain canon ''[[Shatakhandagama]]''. He also started the work on ''Jayadhavalaa'' which was competed by his disciples. He was among the jewels of [[Rashtrakuta]] king [[Amoghavarsha]].{{sfn\|Natubhai Shah\|2004\|p=31}}		Virasena was proficient in astrology, grammar, logic, mathematics and prosody. He wrote ''[[Dhavala]]'', a commentary on Jain canon ''[[Shatakhandagama]]''. He also started the work on ''Jayadhavalaa'' which was competed by his disciples. He was among the jewels of [[Rashtrakuta]] king [[Amoghavarsha]].{{sfn\|Natubhai Shah\|2004\|p=31}}

			His lineage started with Chandrasena who initiated Aryanandi.{{sfn\|Pannalal Jain\|1951\|pp=30-31}} Aryanandi initiated Virasena and Jayasena.{{sfn\|Pannalal Jain\|1951\|pp=30-31}} Virasena initiated six disciples who were Dasharayguru, [[Jinasena]], Vinayasena, Shripal, Padmasena and Devasena.{{sfn\|Pannalal Jain\|1951\|pp=30-31}} Dasharayguru and Jinasena initated [[Gunabhadra (Jain monk)\|Gunabhadra]] who later initiated Lokasena.{{sfn\|Pannalal Jain\|1951\|pp=30-31}} Vinayasena initated Kumarasena who started the [[Kashtha Sangha]].{{sfn\|Pannalal Jain\|1951\|pp=30-31}}

	==See also==		==See also==
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	*[[Umaswami]]		*[[Umaswami]]

	==~~Notes~~==		==References==
			===Citations===
	{{reflist\|refs=		{{reflist\|refs=
	<ref name="Jinasena">Jinasena. ''Ādi Purāņa''</ref>		<ref name="Jinasena">Jinasena. ''Ādi Purāņa''</ref>
	<ref name="Indranandi">Indranandi. ''Shrutāvatāra''</ref>}}		<ref name="Indranandi">Indranandi. ''Shrutāvatāra''</ref>}}

	==~~References~~==		===Sources===
			* {{citation \|editor-last=Jain \|editor-first=Pannalal \|editor-link=Pannalal Jain \|title=Mahapurana Adipurana of Bhagavata Jinasenacharya \|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.327048 \|year=1951 \|publisher=[[Bharatiya Jnanapitha]] \|ref={{sfnref\|Pannalal Jain\|1951}} }}
	* {{citation \|last=Jaini \|first=Padmanabh S. \|author-link=Padmanabh Jaini \|title=Gender and Salvation: Jaina Debates on the Spiritual Liberation of Women \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GRA-uoUFz3MC \|date=1991 \|isbn=0-520-06820-3 \|publisher=[[University of California Press]] }}		* {{citation \|last=Jaini \|first=Padmanabh S. \|author-link=Padmanabh Jaini \|title=Gender and Salvation: Jaina Debates on the Spiritual Liberation of Women \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GRA-uoUFz3MC \|date=1991 \|isbn=0-520-06820-3 \|publisher=[[University of California Press]] }}
	* {{citation \|last=Shah \|first=Natubhai \|author-link=Natubhai Shah \|title=Jainism: The World of Conquerors \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qLNQKGcDIhsC \|volume=I \|date=2004 \|orig-year=First published in 1998 \|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] \|isbn=81-208-1938-1 \|ref={{sfnref\|Natubhai Shah\|2004}} }}		* {{citation \|last=Shah \|first=Natubhai \|author-link=Natubhai Shah \|title=Jainism: The World of Conquerors \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qLNQKGcDIhsC \|volume=I \|date=2004 \|orig-year=First published in 1998 \|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] \|isbn=81-208-1938-1 \|ref={{sfnref\|Natubhai Shah\|2004}} }}

>Yobot: References after punctuation per WP:REFPUNCT, WP:CITEFOOT, WP:PAIC + other fixes

2021-01-14T21:22:59Z

References after punctuation per WP:REFPUNCT, WP:CITEFOOT, WP:PAIC + other fixes

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| honorific-prefix = [[Acharya (Jainism)|Acharya]] Shri
| honorific-suffix = Ji Maharaj
| image = Virsena Acharya.jpg
| alt = Virasena
| caption = [[Acharya]] Virasena
| religion = [[Jainism]]
| sect = ''[[Digambara]]''
| birth_date = 792 CE
| death_date = {{death year and age|853|792}}
| works = ''[[Dhavala]]''
| successor = [[Jinasena]]
}}
{{Jainism}}
'''Acharya Virasena''' (792-853 CE),{{sfn|Jaini|1991|p=111}} also known as '''Veerasena''', was a [[Digambara monk]] and belonged to the lineage of Acharya [[Kundakunda]].<ref name="Indranandi" /> He was an [[Indian mathematician]] and Jain philosopher and scholar. He was also known as a famous orator and an accomplished poet.<ref name="Jinasena" /> His most reputed work is the Jain treatise ''[[Dhavala]]''.<ref>Satkhandagama : Dhavala (Jivasthana) Satparupana-I (Enunciation of Existence-I)
An English Translation of Part 1 of the Dhavala Commentary on the Satkhandagama of Acarya Pushpadanta & Bhutabali Dhavala commentary by Acarya Virasena English tr. by Prof. Nandlal Jain, Ed. by Prof. Ashok Jain {{ISBN|9788186957479}}</ref> The late Dr. Hiralal Jain places the completion of this treatise in 816 AD.<ref>{{cite book
|last = Nagrajji
|first = Acharya Shri
|title = Agama and Tripitaka: Language and Literature
|publisher = [[Concept Publishing Company]]
|year = 2003
|page = 530
|isbn = 9788170227311
}}</ref>

Virasena was a noted mathematician. He gave the derivation of the [[volume]] of a [[frustum]] by a sort of infinite procedure. He worked with the concept of ''ardhaccheda'': the number of times a number could be divided by 2; effectively [[base-2 logarithm]]s. He also worked with logarithms in base 3 (trakacheda) and base 4 (caturthacheda).<ref>{{citation| contribution=History of Mathematics in India|title=Students' Britannica India: Select essays|editor1-first=Dale|editor1-last=Hoiberg|editor2-first=Indu|editor2-last=Ramchandani|first=R. C.|last=Gupta|page=329|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=2000| contribution-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-xzljvnQ1vAC&q=Virasena+logarithm&pg=PA329}}</ref>

Virasena gave the approximate formula ''C'' = 3''d'' + (16''d''+16)/113 to relate the circumference of a circle, ''C'', to its diameter, ''d''. For large values of ''d'', this gives the approximation π ≈ 355/113 = 3.14159292..., which is more accurate than the approximation π ≈ 3.1416 given by [[Aryabhata]] in the ''[[Aryabhatiya]]''.<ref>{{Citation
| last1 = Mishra
| first1 = V.
| last2 = Singh
| first2 = S. L.
| title = First Degree Indeterminate Analysis in Ancient India and its Application by Virasena
|url=http://www.new1.dli.ernet.in/data1/upload/insa/INSA_1/20005b5d_127.pdf
| journal = Indian Journal of History of Science
| volume = 32
| issue = 2
| pages = 127–133
| date = February 1997
}}</ref>

==Life==
Virasena was proficient in astrology, grammar, logic, mathematics and prosody. He wrote ''[[Dhavala]]'', a commentary on Jain canon ''[[Shatakhandagama]]''. He also started the work on ''Jayadhavalaa'' which was competed by his disciples. He was among the jewels of [[Rashtrakuta]] king [[Amoghavarsha]].{{sfn|Natubhai Shah|2004|p=31}}

==See also==
*[[Indian mathematics]]
*[[Umaswami]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="Jinasena">Jinasena. ''Ādi Purāņa''</ref>
<ref name="Indranandi">Indranandi. ''Shrutāvatāra''</ref>}}

==References==
* {{citation |last=Jaini |first=Padmanabh S. |author-link=Padmanabh Jaini |title=Gender and Salvation: Jaina Debates on the Spiritual Liberation of Women |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GRA-uoUFz3MC |date=1991 |isbn=0-520-06820-3 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] }}
* {{citation |last=Shah |first=Natubhai |author-link=Natubhai Shah |title=Jainism: The World of Conquerors |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qLNQKGcDIhsC |volume=I |date=2004 |orig-year=First published in 1998 |publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] |isbn=81-208-1938-1 |ref={{sfnref|Natubhai Shah|2004}} }}

==External links==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
*{{Cite web|first=A. N.|last=Singh|place=Lucknow University| title=Mathematics of Dhavala|url=http://www.jainworld.com/JWHindi/Books/shatkhandagama-4/02.htm}} Translation of part of the ''Dhavala''.

{{Indian mathematics}}
{{Jain Gurus}}
{{Jainism Topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:792 births]]
[[Category:853 deaths]]
[[Category:Digambara Acharyas]]
[[Category:Indian Jain monks]]
[[Category:9th-century Indian Jains]]
[[Category:9th-century Jain monks]]
[[Category:9th-century Indian monks]]
[[Category:9th-century philosophers]]
[[Category:9th-century Indian mathematicians]]
[[Category:Indian mathematicians]]

{{India-scientist-stub}}
{{asia-mathematician-stub}}
{{Jainism-stub}}