->George.Marlin at 06:27, 2 January 2022

2022-01-02T06:27:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:57, 2 January 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{~~For2~~\|9th century CE copper plates issued by Ayyan Adikal to Mar Sapir Iso\|[[Quilon Syrian copper plates]]}}		{{for\|9th century CE copper plates issued by Ayyan Adikal to Mar Sapir Iso\|Quilon Syrian copper plates}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2019}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2019}}
	[[File:Insignia from Viraraghava copper plates - Plate II (1225 CE).jpg\|400px\|thumb\|Insignia from Viraraghava copper plates]]		[[File:Insignia from Viraraghava copper plates - Plate II (1225 CE).jpg\|400px\|thumb\|Insignia from Viraraghava copper plates]]

	'''Viraraghava copper plates,''' dated 1225 CE,<ref>Narayanan, M. G. S. ''Perumāḷs of Kerala.'' Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 222, 279, and 299.</ref><ref>Veluthat, Kesavan. ''The Early Medieval in South India.'' Delhi: Oxford University Press. 2009. 152, and 154.</ref> '''of''' '''Cochin''', or '''Kottayam plates of Viraraghava Chakravartin''', or '''Syrian Christian copper plate''', or '''Iravi Kortann's Plate''', describe the concession made by the local king Viraraghava to ~~a merchant Iravikorttan (~~[[Saint Thomas Christians\|Syrian Christian]] merchant~~<ref>''Epigraphica Indica'', Volume IV. [V. Venkayya~~, ~~1896-97] pp. 290-7.</ref>)~~ the chief of [[Manikkiramam]] (Manigiramam) in Makotaiyar Pattinam (modern [[Kodungallur]]).<ref>''Epigraphica Indica'', Volume IV. [V. Venkayya, 1896-97] pp. 290-7.</ref>		'''Viraraghava copper plates,''' dated 1225 CE,<ref>Narayanan, M. G. S. ''Perumāḷs of Kerala.'' Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 222, 279, and 299.</ref><ref>Veluthat, Kesavan. ''The Early Medieval in South India.'' Delhi: Oxford University Press. 2009. 152, and 154.</ref> '''of''' '''Cochin''', or '''Kottayam plates of Viraraghava Chakravartin''', or '''Syrian Christian copper plate''', or '''Iravi Kortann's Plate''', describe the concession made by the local king Viraraghava to [[Saint Thomas Christians\|Syrian Christian]] merchant Iravikorttan, the chief of [[Manikkiramam]] (Manigiramam) in Makotaiyar Pattinam (modern [[Kodungallur]]).<ref>''Epigraphica Indica'', Volume IV. [V. Venkayya, 1896-97] pp. 290-7.</ref>

	Manigiramam, along with Anjuvannam and Ainurruvar, was one of major merchant guilds in medieval south India.<ref name=":0">Noburu Karashmia (ed.), ''A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations.'' New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014. 16-18.</ref>		Manigiramam, along with Anjuvannam and Ainurruvar, was one of major merchant guilds in medieval south India.<ref name=":0">Noburu Karashmia (ed.), ''A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations.'' New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014. 16-18.</ref>

	* Viraraghava is described as the descendant of certain Virakerala.		* Viraraghava is described as the descendant of certain Virakerala.
	* Iravikorttan is described as "the Great Merchant ~~(Chetti)~~ of the [[Kerala\|Chera/Kerala]] Land"		* Iravikorttan is described as "the Great Merchant of the [[Kerala\|Chera/Kerala]] Land"
	*The Four Temples (the Nalu Tali) are mentioned		*The Four Temples (the Nalu Tali) are mentioned
	* Witnesses mentioned		* Witnesses mentioned
Line 19:		Line 19:
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}

			[[Category:13th-century inscriptions]]
	[[Category:History of Kerala]]		[[Category:History of Kerala]]
	[[Category:Vatteluttu]]		[[Category:Vatteluttu]]

>Lizique at 04:52, 29 April 2021

2021-04-29T04:52:08Z

New page

{{For2|9th century CE copper plates issued by Ayyan Adikal to Mar Sapir Iso|[[Quilon Syrian copper plates]]}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
[[File:Insignia from Viraraghava copper plates - Plate II (1225 CE).jpg|400px|thumb|Insignia from Viraraghava copper plates]]

'''Viraraghava copper plates,''' dated 1225 CE,<ref>Narayanan, M. G. S. ''Perumāḷs of Kerala.'' Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 222, 279, and 299.</ref><ref>Veluthat, Kesavan. ''The Early Medieval in South India.'' Delhi: Oxford University Press. 2009. 152, and 154.</ref> '''of''' '''Cochin''', or '''Kottayam plates of Viraraghava Chakravartin''', or '''Syrian Christian copper plate''', or '''Iravi Kortann's Plate''', describe the concession made by the local king Viraraghava to a merchant Iravikorttan ([[Saint Thomas Christians|Syrian Christian]] merchant<ref>''Epigraphica Indica'', Volume IV. [V. Venkayya, 1896-97] pp. 290-7.</ref>) the chief of [[Manikkiramam]] (Manigiramam) in Makotaiyar Pattinam (modern [[Kodungallur]]).<ref>''Epigraphica Indica'', Volume IV. [V. Venkayya, 1896-97] pp. 290-7.</ref>

Manigiramam, along with Anjuvannam and Ainurruvar, was one of major merchant guilds in medieval south India.<ref name=":0">Noburu Karashmia (ed.), ''A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations.'' New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014. 16-18.</ref>

* Viraraghava is described as the descendant of certain Virakerala.
* Iravikorttan is described as "the Great Merchant (Chetti) of the [[Kerala|Chera/Kerala]] Land"
*The Four Temples (the Nalu Tali) are mentioned
* Witnesses mentioned
** Panniyur and Chokiram
** Venadu, Odanadu, Eranadu and Valluvanadu
* The scribe is named - Nampi Chateyan
[[File:Viraraghava copper plates (1225 CE).jpg|center|thumb|800x800px|Viraraghava copper plates]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:History of Kerala]]
[[Category:Vatteluttu]]
[[Category:Malayalam inscriptions]]
[[Category:1225]]
[[Category:Saint Thomas Christians]]
[[Category:Kerala history inscriptions]]

{{india-hist-stub}}

Viraraghava copper plates - Revision history

->George.Marlin at 06:27, 2 January 2022

>Lizique at 04:52, 29 April 2021