Viramadeva - Revision history

Khalek Rahaman: updated details

2026-03-17T16:30:49Z

updated details

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:00, 17 March 2026
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			{{Short description\|King of Javalipura in 1311}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2018}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=July 2018}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2018}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=July 2018}}
	{{Infobox royalty		{{Infobox royalty
	\| name = Viramadeva		\| name = Viramadeva
	\| succession = ~~Prince~~ of [[Javalipura]]		\| succession = King of [[Javalipura]]
	\| reign = c. 1311 CE		\| reign = 8–11 May 1311
	\| dynasty = [[Chahamanas of Jalor]]		\| dynasty = [[Chahamanas of Jalor]]
	\| predecessor = [[Kanhadadeva]]		\| predecessor = [[Kanhadadeva]]
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	}}		}}

	'''Viramadeva''' (died c. ~~1311~~) was the son of the [[Chahamanas of Jalor\|Jalore Chahamana]] king [[Kanhadadeva]]. He was crowned during [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Jalore\|Alauddin Khalji's invasion of Jalore]], and was killed in the conflict 2½ days later.		'''Viramadeva''' (died 11 May 1311<ref name="n301">{{cite web \| last=Misra \| first=S. C. \| title=The Rise of Muslim Power in Gujarat \| url=https://ia601902.us.archive.org/15/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.111119/2015.111119.The-Rise-Of-Muslim-Power-In-Gujarat_text.pdf \| access-date=2 December 2025 \| page=213}}</ref>) was the son of the [[Chahamanas of Jalor\|Jalore Chahamana]] king [[Kanhadadeva]]. He was crowned the king of Jalore during [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Jalore\|Alauddin Khalji's invasion of Jalore]], and was killed in the conflict 2½ days later.

	== Legend ==		== Legend ==
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	}		}
	</mapframe>		</mapframe>
	~~Legends~~ in [[Padmanābha]]'s ''[[Kanhadade Prabandha]]'' (15th century) and [[~~Munhot~~ Nainsi]]~~'s ''Khyat~~'' (17th century) claim that a daughter of the [[Delhi Sultanate\|Delhi Sultan]] [[Alauddin Khalji]] fell in love with Viramadeva ("Viramade"). The ''Kanhadade Prabandha'' names the Delhi princess as Piroja, and mentions that Alauddin offered to marry her to the Viramadeva, stating the couple had also been married in several previous births.{{sfn\|Romila Thapar\|2005\|p=124}} However, Viramadeva rejected the offer, leading to Alauddin's invasion of Jalore.{{sfn\|Romila Thapar\|2005\|p=125}} Nainsi's ''Khyat'' claims that Viramadeva temporarily stayed at the court of Delhi, where Alauddin offered to marry his daughter to the Chahamana prince. Viramadeva did not want to marry the Khalji princess, but could not openly refuse the offer. He asked for Alauddin's permission to return to Jalore, promising to return with a marriage party. When he did not return, Alauddin invaded Jalore.{{sfn\|Ashok Kumar Srivastava\|1979\|p=44}} The legendary narrative about Piroja's love for Viramade is purely imaginary.{{sfn\|Chimanlal Trivedi\|1997\|p=108}}		Fictional{{sfn\|Chimanlal Trivedi\|1997\|p=108}}{{sfn\|Sujit Mukherjee\|1998\|p=164\|ps=: "To the historical episode the poet has added the story of an imaginary romance between Viramdev and Firoza"}} legends in [[Padmanābha]]'s ''[[Kanhadade Prabandha]]'' (15th century) and ''[[Nainsi ri Khyat]]'' (17th century) claim that a daughter of the [[Delhi Sultanate\|Delhi Sultan]] [[Alauddin Khalji]] fell in love with Viramadeva ("Viramade"). The ''Kanhadade Prabandha'' names the Delhi princess as Piroja, and mentions that Alauddin offered to marry her to the Viramadeva, stating the couple had also been married in several previous births.{{sfn\|Romila Thapar\|2005\|p=124}} However, Viramadeva rejected the offer, leading to Alauddin's invasion of Jalore.{{sfn\|Romila Thapar\|2005\|p=125}} Nainsi's ''Khyat'' claims that Viramadeva temporarily stayed at the court of Delhi, where Alauddin offered to marry his daughter to the Chahamana prince. Viramadeva did not want to marry the Khalji princess, but could not openly refuse the offer. He asked for Alauddin's permission to return to Jalore, promising to return with a marriage party. When he did not return, Alauddin invaded Jalore.{{sfn\|Ashok Kumar Srivastava\|1979\|p=44}} The legendary narrative about Piroja's love for Viramade is purely imaginary.{{sfn\|Chimanlal Trivedi\|1997\|p=108}}

	The ''Kanhadade Prabandha'' states that the first army sent by Alauddin besieged Jalore for 7 days, but the [[sortie]]s led by Viramadeva and his uncle Maladeva foiled the invaders' attempt to capture the fort. On the 8th day, a severe thunderstorm forced the besiegers to retreat.{{sfn\|Ashok Kumar Srivastava\|1979\|p=50}} The Jalore forces launched an eight-pronged attack on one of the retreating detachments at Moklana, with Viramadeva leading one of the Jalore contingents.{{sfn\|Dasharatha Sharma\|1959\|p=167}} The Delhi detachment's commander Shams Khan was captured along with his [[harem]], while the rest of his soldiers fled.{{sfn\|Ashok Kumar Srivastava\|1979\|p=51}}		The ''Kanhadade Prabandha'' states that the first army sent by Alauddin besieged Jalore for 7 days, but the [[sortie]]s led by Viramadeva and his uncle Maladeva foiled the invaders' attempt to capture the fort. On the 8th day, a severe thunderstorm forced the besiegers to retreat.{{sfn\|Ashok Kumar Srivastava\|1979\|p=50}} The Jalore forces launched an eight-pronged attack on one of the retreating detachments at Moklana, with Viramadeva leading one of the Jalore contingents.{{sfn\|Dasharatha Sharma\|1959\|p=167}} The Delhi detachment's commander Shams Khan was captured along with his [[harem]], while the rest of his soldiers fled.{{sfn\|Ashok Kumar Srivastava\|1979\|p=51}}

	After this setback, Alauddin dispatched a stronger army led by Malik Kamaluddin. According to the ''Kanhadade Prabandha'', the Jalore contingents led by Maladeva and Viramadeva attacked the invading army on alternate days. Although they managed to slow down Kamaluddin's march, they were unable to stop his gradual advance towards Jalore.{{sfn\|Ashok Kumar Srivastava\|1979\|p=51}} Ultimately, Viramadeva, who was stationed at [[Bhadrajun]], was recalled to Jalore to help his father prepared for the impending siege. Maladeva was also recalled, but was re-sent to fight Kamaluddin once the invaders reached near Jalore.{{sfn\|Ashok Kumar Srivastava\|1979\|p=52}} Sometime after besieging the fort, Kamaluddin managed to breach it with the help of a traitor named Bika. Facing a certain defeat, the defenders prepared for a [[last stand]], and Viramadeva was crowned King. The women of the fort committed suicide by ''[[jauhar]]'' (mass self-immolation), while the men died fighting.{{sfn\|Ashok Kumar Srivastava\|1979\|p=53}} Viramadeva is said to have died two-and-a-half days after the coronation.{{sfn\|Dasharatha Sharma\|1959\|p=169}}		After this setback, Alauddin dispatched a stronger army led by ''Malik'' [[Kamal al-Din Gurg\|Kamaluddin]]. According to the ''Kanhadade Prabandha'', the Jalore contingents led by Maladeva and Viramadeva attacked the invading army on alternate days. Although they managed to slow down Kamaluddin's march, they were unable to stop his gradual advance towards Jalore.{{sfn\|Ashok Kumar Srivastava\|1979\|p=51}} Ultimately, Viramadeva, who was stationed at [[Bhadrajun]], was recalled to Jalore to help his father prepared for the impending siege. Maladeva was also recalled, but was re-sent to fight Kamaluddin once the invaders reached near Jalore.{{sfn\|Ashok Kumar Srivastava\|1979\|p=52}} Sometime after besieging the fort, Kamaluddin managed to breach it with the help of a traitor named Bika. Facing a certain defeat, the defenders prepared for a [[last stand]], and Viramadeva was crowned King. The women of the fort committed suicide by ''[[jauhar]]'' (mass self-immolation), while the men died fighting.{{sfn\|Ashok Kumar Srivastava\|1979\|p=53}} Viramadeva is said to have died two-and-a-half days after the coronation.{{sfn\|Dasharatha Sharma\|1959\|p=169}}

	The ''Kanhadade Prabandha'' states that Viramadeva's head was brought to Alauddin. It miraculously turned away when the Sultan turned towards it. Piroja immolated herself while holding his head.{{sfn\|Romila Thapar\|2005\|p=125}}		The ''Kanhadade Prabandha'' states that Viramadeva's head was brought to Alauddin. It miraculously turned away when the Sultan turned towards it. Piroja immolated herself while holding his head.{{sfn\|Romila Thapar\|2005\|p=125}}
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	{{ref begin}}		{{ref begin}}
			* {{cite book \|author=Sujit Mukherjee \|title=A Dictionary of Indian Literature: Beginnings-1850 \|year=1998 \|publisher=Orient Blackswan \|isbn=9788125014539 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCJrUfVtZxoC&pg=PA164 }}
	* {{cite book \|author=Ashok Kumar Srivastava \|title=The Chahamanas of Jalor \|publisher=Sahitya Sansar Prakashan \|year=1979 \|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.547206 \|oclc=12737199 }}		* {{cite book \|author=Ashok Kumar Srivastava \|title=The Chahamanas of Jalor \|publisher=Sahitya Sansar Prakashan \|year=1979 \|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.547206 \|oclc=12737199 }}
	* {{cite book \|author=Chimanlal Trivedi \|editor=K. Ayyappa Paniker \|editor-link=K. Ayyappa Paniker \|title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA108 \|year=1997 \|publisher=Sahitya Akademi \|isbn=978-81-260-0365-5 }}		* {{cite book \|author=Chimanlal Trivedi \|editor=K. Ayyappa Paniker \|editor-link=K. Ayyappa Paniker \|title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA108 \|year=1997 \|publisher=Sahitya Akademi \|isbn=978-81-260-0365-5 }}
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	[[Category:Year of birth missing]]		[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
	[[Category:1311 deaths]]		[[Category:1311 deaths]]
	[[Category:~~Chahamanas~~ of Jalor]]		[[Category:Chahamana kings of Jalor]]
			[[Category:Monarchs killed in action]]

>Utcursch: Reverted 2 edits by 2409:4052:4E03:987F:65D1:C721:B993:9909 (talk): WP:V

2021-09-22T19:08:02Z

Reverted 2 edits by 2409:4052:4E03:987F:65D1:C721:B993:9909 (talk): WP:V

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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Viramadeva
| succession = Prince of [[Javalipura]]
| reign = c. 1311 CE
| dynasty = [[Chahamanas of Jalor]]
| predecessor = [[Kanhadadeva]]
| father = Kanhadadeva
}}

'''Viramadeva''' (died c. 1311) was the son of the [[Chahamanas of Jalor|Jalore Chahamana]] king [[Kanhadadeva]]. He was crowned during [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Jalore|Alauddin Khalji's invasion of Jalore]], and was killed in the conflict 2½ days later.

== Legend ==
<mapframe text="Location of Delhi and Jalore" width="400" height="400" zoom="5" longitude="74.93" latitude="27.00">
{
"type": "FeatureCollection",
"features": [
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "circle", "title": "[[Jalore]]" },
"geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [72.6253763, 25.344480] }
},
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "circle", "title": "[[Delhi]]" },
"geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [77.2273958, 28.661898] }
}
]
}
</mapframe>
Legends in [[Padmanābha]]'s ''[[Kanhadade Prabandha]]'' (15th century) and [[Munhot Nainsi]]'s ''Khyat'' (17th century) claim that a daughter of the [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi Sultan]] [[Alauddin Khalji]] fell in love with Viramadeva ("Viramade"). The ''Kanhadade Prabandha'' names the Delhi princess as Piroja, and mentions that Alauddin offered to marry her to the Viramadeva, stating the couple had also been married in several previous births.{{sfn|Romila Thapar|2005|p=124}} However, Viramadeva rejected the offer, leading to Alauddin's invasion of Jalore.{{sfn|Romila Thapar|2005|p=125}} Nainsi's ''Khyat'' claims that Viramadeva temporarily stayed at the court of Delhi, where Alauddin offered to marry his daughter to the Chahamana prince. Viramadeva did not want to marry the Khalji princess, but could not openly refuse the offer. He asked for Alauddin's permission to return to Jalore, promising to return with a marriage party. When he did not return, Alauddin invaded Jalore.{{sfn|Ashok Kumar Srivastava|1979|p=44}} The legendary narrative about Piroja's love for Viramade is purely imaginary.{{sfn|Chimanlal Trivedi|1997|p=108}}

The ''Kanhadade Prabandha'' states that the first army sent by Alauddin besieged Jalore for 7 days, but the [[sortie]]s led by Viramadeva and his uncle Maladeva foiled the invaders' attempt to capture the fort. On the 8th day, a severe thunderstorm forced the besiegers to retreat.{{sfn|Ashok Kumar Srivastava|1979|p=50}} The Jalore forces launched an eight-pronged attack on one of the retreating detachments at Moklana, with Viramadeva leading one of the Jalore contingents.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=167}} The Delhi detachment's commander Shams Khan was captured along with his [[harem]], while the rest of his soldiers fled.{{sfn|Ashok Kumar Srivastava|1979|p=51}}

After this setback, Alauddin dispatched a stronger army led by Malik Kamaluddin. According to the ''Kanhadade Prabandha'', the Jalore contingents led by Maladeva and Viramadeva attacked the invading army on alternate days. Although they managed to slow down Kamaluddin's march, they were unable to stop his gradual advance towards Jalore.{{sfn|Ashok Kumar Srivastava|1979|p=51}} Ultimately, Viramadeva, who was stationed at [[Bhadrajun]], was recalled to Jalore to help his father prepared for the impending siege. Maladeva was also recalled, but was re-sent to fight Kamaluddin once the invaders reached near Jalore.{{sfn|Ashok Kumar Srivastava|1979|p=52}} Sometime after besieging the fort, Kamaluddin managed to breach it with the help of a traitor named Bika. Facing a certain defeat, the defenders prepared for a [[last stand]], and Viramadeva was crowned King. The women of the fort committed suicide by ''[[jauhar]]'' (mass self-immolation), while the men died fighting.{{sfn|Ashok Kumar Srivastava|1979|p=53}} Viramadeva is said to have died two-and-a-half days after the coronation.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=169}}

The ''Kanhadade Prabandha'' states that Viramadeva's head was brought to Alauddin. It miraculously turned away when the Sultan turned towards it. Piroja immolated herself while holding his head.{{sfn|Romila Thapar|2005|p=125}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===

{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book |author=Ashok Kumar Srivastava |title=The Chahamanas of Jalor |publisher=Sahitya Sansar Prakashan |year=1979 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.547206 |oclc=12737199 }}
* {{cite book |author=Chimanlal Trivedi |editor=K. Ayyappa Paniker |editor-link=K. Ayyappa Paniker |title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA108 |year=1997 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-81-260-0365-5 }}
* {{cite book |author=Dasharatha Sharma |title=Early Chauhān Dynasties |publisher=S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass |year=1959 |isbn=9780842606189 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4gcAAAAMAAJ |oclc=3624414 }}
* {{cite book |author=Romila Thapar |title=Somanatha: The Many Voices of a History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PnBMFaGMabYC&pg=PA121 |year=2005 |publisher=Verso |isbn=978-1-84467-020-8 }}
{{ref end}}

{{Chahamanas of Jalor}}

[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:1311 deaths]]
[[Category:Chahamanas of Jalor]]