Violet Alva - Revision history

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← Older revision		Revision as of 22:50, 18 February 2022
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	\| order = 2nd		\| order = 2nd
	\| office = Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha		\| office = Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
			\| blankname = Speaker
			\| dataname = [[Zakir Hussain]]
	\| term_start = 19 April 1962		\| term_start = 19 April 1962
	\| term_end = 16 November 1969		\| term_end = 16 November 1969
	\| predecessor = [[S. V. Krishnamoorthy Rao]]		\| predecessor = [[S. V. Krishnamoorthy Rao]]
	\| successor = [[B. D. Khobragade]]		\| successor = [[B. D. Khobragade]]
	\| office1 = [[Member of ~~the~~ Rajya Sabha]] ~~for [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Karnataka\|Karnataka]]~~		\| office1 = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
	\| term_start1 = 3 April 1952		\| term_start1 = 3 April 1952
	\| term_end1 = 2 April 1960		\| term_end1 = 2 April 1960
			\| constituency1 = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Karnataka\|Karnataka]]
	\| predecessor1 =		\| predecessor1 =
	\| successor1 =		\| successor1 =
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	\| known_for = '''First Woman''' [[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha]]}}		\| known_for = '''First Woman''' [[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha]]}}

	'''Violet Hari Alva''' (24 April 1908 – 20 November 1969) was an Indian lawyer, journalist and politician, and [[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha\|Deputy Chairperson]] of the [[Rajya Sabha]], and member of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC).<ref name="death">{{cite ~~newspaper~~ \|title=Violet Alva dead \|newspaper=The Indian Express \|date=20 November 1969 \|pages=1, 6}}</ref><ref name="rj">{{cite web\|url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/deputy_chairman/former_deputy_chairmen.asp\|title=Former Deputy Chairmen of the Rajya Sabha\|publisher=[[Rajya Sabha]] Official website}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|url=http://www.veethi.com/india-people/violet_alva-profile-4327-19.htm\|title=Violet Alva\|website=veethi.com\|access-date=19 August 2017}}</ref> She was the first woman lawyer to appear before a High Court in India and the first to preside over the [[Rajya Sabha]].		'''Violet Hari Alva''' (24 April 1908 – 20 November 1969) was an Indian lawyer, journalist and politician, and [[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha\|Deputy Chairperson]] of the [[Rajya Sabha]], and member of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC).<ref name="death">{{cite news \|title=Violet Alva dead \|newspaper=The Indian Express \|date=20 November 1969 \|pages=1, 6}}</ref><ref name="rj">{{cite web\|url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/deputy_chairman/former_deputy_chairmen.asp\|title=Former Deputy Chairmen of the Rajya Sabha\|publisher=[[Rajya Sabha]] Official website}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|url=http://www.veethi.com/india-people/violet_alva-profile-4327-19.htm\|title=Violet Alva\|website=veethi.com\|access-date=19 August 2017}}</ref> She was the first woman lawyer to appear before a High Court in India and the first to preside over the [[Rajya Sabha]].

	==Early life==		==Early life==

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	\| known_for = '''First Woman''' [[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha]]}}		\| known_for = '''First Woman''' [[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha]]}}

	'''Violet Hari Alva''' (24 April 1908 – 20 November 1969) was an ~~[[India]]n~~ lawyer, journalist and politician, and [[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha\|Deputy Chairperson]] of the [[Rajya Sabha]], and member of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC).<ref name="death">{{cite newspaper \|title=Violet Alva dead \|newspaper=The Indian Express \|date=20 November 1969 \|pages=1, 6}}</ref><ref name="rj">{{cite web\|url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/deputy_chairman/former_deputy_chairmen.asp\|title=Former Deputy Chairmen of the Rajya Sabha\|publisher=[[Rajya Sabha]] Official website}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|url=http://www.veethi.com/india-people/violet_alva-profile-4327-19.htm\|title=Violet Alva\|website=veethi.com\|access-date=19 August 2017}}</ref> She was the first woman lawyer to appear before a High Court in India and the first to preside over the [[Rajya Sabha]].		'''Violet Hari Alva''' (24 April 1908 – 20 November 1969) was an Indian lawyer, journalist and politician, and [[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha\|Deputy Chairperson]] of the [[Rajya Sabha]], and member of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC).<ref name="death">{{cite newspaper \|title=Violet Alva dead \|newspaper=The Indian Express \|date=20 November 1969 \|pages=1, 6}}</ref><ref name="rj">{{cite web\|url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/deputy_chairman/former_deputy_chairmen.asp\|title=Former Deputy Chairmen of the Rajya Sabha\|publisher=[[Rajya Sabha]] Official website}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|url=http://www.veethi.com/india-people/violet_alva-profile-4327-19.htm\|title=Violet Alva\|website=veethi.com\|access-date=19 August 2017}}</ref> She was the first woman lawyer to appear before a High Court in India and the first to preside over the [[Rajya Sabha]].

	==Early life==		==Early life==
	Alva was born Violet Hari on 24 April 1908 in [[Ahmedabad]]. She was the eighth of nine children. Violet's father, Reverend Laxman Hari, was one of the first Indian pastors of the Church of England. Having lost both her parents when she was sixteen, her older siblings provided for her education ~~till~~ her matriculation at Bombay's Clare Road Convent. She graduated from St. Xavier's College, Bombay and Government Law College. For a while thereafter, she was a professor of English at the [[Indian Women's University]], Bombay.		Alva was born Violet Hari on 24 April 1908 in [[Ahmedabad]]. She was the eighth of nine children. Violet's father, Reverend Laxman Hari, was one of the first Indian pastors of the Church of England. Having lost both her parents when she was sixteen, her older siblings provided for her education until her matriculation at Bombay's Clare Road Convent. She graduated from St. Xavier's College, Bombay and Government Law College. For a while thereafter, she was a professor of English at the [[Indian Women's University]], Bombay.

	==Career==		==Career==
	In 1944, she was the first woman advocate in India, to have argued a case before a full High Court bench. In 1944, ~~she~~ also started a women’s magazine, ~~‘The Begum’~~, later renamed as ~~‘Indian Women’~~. From 1946 to 1947, she served as the deputy chairman of Bombay Municipal Corporation. In 1947, ~~she~~ served as an Honorary Magistrate in Mumbai; and from 1948 to 1954, she ~~serves~~ as the President of the Juvenile Court. She was actively involved with numerous social organisations such as Young Women’s Christian Association, the Business and Professional Women’s Association and the International Federation of Women Lawyers. She was also the first woman to be elected to the Standing Committee of the All India Newspaper Editors Conference in 1952.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web\|url=http://www.streeshakti.com/bookV.aspx?author=8\|title=StreeShakti – The Parallel Force\|website=www.streeshakti.com\|access-date=19 August 2017}}</ref>		In 1944, she was the first woman advocate in India, to have argued a case before a full High Court bench. In 1944, Alva also started a women’s magazine, ''The Begum'', later renamed as ''Indian Women''. From 1946 to 1947, she served as the deputy chairman of Bombay Municipal Corporation. In 1947, Alva served as an Honorary Magistrate in Mumbai; and from 1948 to 1954, she served as the President of the Juvenile Court. She was actively involved with numerous social organisations such as Young Women’s Christian Association, the Business and Professional Women’s Association and the International Federation of Women Lawyers. She was also the first woman to be elected to the Standing Committee of the All India Newspaper Editors Conference in 1952.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web\|url=http://www.streeshakti.com/bookV.aspx?author=8\|title=StreeShakti – The Parallel Force\|website=www.streeshakti.com\|access-date=19 August 2017}}</ref>

	In 1952, Alva was elected to the [[Rajya Sabha]], the Upper House of the [[Indian Parliament]],where she made significant contributions to family planning, rights of animals subjected to research and defence strategy, especially the naval sector. She cautioned the government to be careful when dealing with foreign capital and supported linguistic states.<ref name="mem">{{cite web \|url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/pre_member/1952_2003/a.pdf\|title=Rajya Sabha Members Biographical Sketches 1952 – 2003 :A\|publisher=Rajya Sabha website}}</ref> After the second Indian General Election in 1957, she became Deputy [[Council of Ministers of the Republic of India#Ministers of State\|Minister of State]] for [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)\|Home Affairs]].		In 1952, Alva was elected to the [[Rajya Sabha]], the Upper House of the [[Indian Parliament]], where she made significant contributions to family planning, rights of animals subjected to research and defence strategy, especially the naval sector. She cautioned the government to be careful when dealing with foreign capital and supported linguistic states.<ref name="mem">{{cite web \|url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/pre_member/1952_2003/a.pdf\|title=Rajya Sabha Members Biographical Sketches 1952 – 2003 :A\|publisher=Rajya Sabha website}}</ref> After the second Indian General Election in 1957, she became Deputy [[Council of Ministers of the Republic of India#Ministers of State\|Minister of State]] for [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)\|Home Affairs]].

	In 1962, Alva became the [[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha]], thereby becoming the first female to preside over the [[Rajya Sabha]] in its history. She served two consecutive terms in Rajya Sabha. Her first term commenced on 19 April 1962 and continued ~~till~~ 2 April 1966. Her second term began with her election to the office of Deputy Chairman on 7 April 1966 and she held the position ~~till~~ 16 November 1969.<ref name="mem" /><ref name="bio">{{cite web\|url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/pre_member/1952_2003/deputy.pdf\|title=Biographical Sketches of Deputy Chairmen Rajya Sabha\|publisher=[[Rajya Sabha]] website}}</ref>		In 1962, Alva became the [[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha]], thereby becoming the first female to preside over the [[Rajya Sabha]] in its history. She served two consecutive terms in Rajya Sabha. Her first term commenced on 19 April 1962 and continued until 2 April 1966. Her second term began with her election to the office of Deputy Chairman on 7 April 1966 and she held the position until 16 November 1969.<ref name="mem" /><ref name="bio">{{cite web\|url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/pre_member/1952_2003/deputy.pdf\|title=Biographical Sketches of Deputy Chairmen Rajya Sabha\|publisher=[[Rajya Sabha]] website}}</ref>

	In 1969, Alva resigned after [[Indira Gandhi]] declined to back her as Vice-President of India.		In 1969, Alva resigned after [[Indira Gandhi]] declined to back her as Vice-President of India.

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{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Violet Hari Alva
| image =Joachim and Violet Alva 2008 stamp of India.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption =Joachim and Violet Alva on a 2008 stamp of India
| order = 2nd
| office = Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha
| term_start = 19 April 1962
| term_end = 16 November 1969
| predecessor = [[S. V. Krishnamoorthy Rao]]
| successor = [[B. D. Khobragade]]
| office1 = [[Member of the Rajya Sabha]] for [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Karnataka|Karnataka]]
| term_start1 = 3 April 1952
| term_end1 = 2 April 1960
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| birth_name = Violet Hari
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1908|04|24|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]] {{small|(present-day [[Gujarat]], India)}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1969|11|20|1908|04|24|df=y}}
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], India
| death_cause = [[Cerebral hemorrhage]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Lawyer|Journalist|Politician}}
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Joachim Alva]]|1937}}
| known_for = '''First Woman''' [[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha]]}}

'''Violet Hari Alva''' (24 April 1908 – 20 November 1969) was an [[India]]n lawyer, journalist and politician, and [[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha|Deputy Chairperson]] of the [[Rajya Sabha]], and member of the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC).<ref name="death">{{cite newspaper |title=Violet Alva dead |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=20 November 1969 |pages=1, 6}}</ref><ref name="rj">{{cite web|url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/deputy_chairman/former_deputy_chairmen.asp|title=Former Deputy Chairmen of the Rajya Sabha|publisher=[[Rajya Sabha]] Official website}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.veethi.com/india-people/violet_alva-profile-4327-19.htm|title=Violet Alva|website=veethi.com|access-date=19 August 2017}}</ref> She was the first woman lawyer to appear before a High Court in India and the first to preside over the [[Rajya Sabha]].

==Early life==
Alva was born Violet Hari on 24 April 1908 in [[Ahmedabad]]. She was the eighth of nine children. Violet's father, Reverend Laxman Hari, was one of the first Indian pastors of the Church of England. Having lost both her parents when she was sixteen, her older siblings provided for her education till her matriculation at Bombay's Clare Road Convent. She graduated from St. Xavier's College, Bombay and Government Law College. For a while thereafter, she was a professor of English at the [[Indian Women's University]], Bombay.

==Career==
In 1944, she was the first woman advocate in India, to have argued a case before a full High Court bench. In 1944, she also started a women’s magazine, ‘The Begum’, later renamed as ‘Indian Women’. From 1946 to 1947, she served as the deputy chairman of Bombay Municipal Corporation. In 1947, she served as an Honorary Magistrate in Mumbai; and from 1948 to 1954, she serves as the President of the Juvenile Court. She was actively involved with numerous social organisations such as Young Women’s Christian Association, the Business and Professional Women’s Association and the International Federation of Women Lawyers. She was also the first woman to be elected to the Standing Committee of the All India Newspaper Editors Conference in 1952.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.streeshakti.com/bookV.aspx?author=8|title=StreeShakti – The Parallel Force|website=www.streeshakti.com|access-date=19 August 2017}}</ref>

In 1952, Alva was elected to the [[Rajya Sabha]], the Upper House of the [[Indian Parliament]],where she made significant contributions to family planning, rights of animals subjected to research and defence strategy, especially the naval sector. She cautioned the government to be careful when dealing with foreign capital and supported linguistic states.<ref name="mem">{{cite web |url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/pre_member/1952_2003/a.pdf|title=Rajya Sabha Members Biographical Sketches 1952 – 2003 :A|publisher=Rajya Sabha website}}</ref> After the second Indian General Election in 1957, she became Deputy [[Council of Ministers of the Republic of India#Ministers of State|Minister of State]] for [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Home Affairs]].

In 1962, Alva became the [[Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha]], thereby becoming the first female to preside over the [[Rajya Sabha]] in its history. She served two consecutive terms in Rajya Sabha. Her first term commenced on 19 April 1962 and continued till 2 April 1966. Her second term began with her election to the office of Deputy Chairman on 7 April 1966 and she held the position till 16 November 1969.<ref name="mem" /><ref name="bio">{{cite web|url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/pre_member/1952_2003/deputy.pdf|title=Biographical Sketches of Deputy Chairmen Rajya Sabha|publisher=[[Rajya Sabha]] website}}</ref>

In 1969, Alva resigned after [[Indira Gandhi]] declined to back her as Vice-President of India.

==Personal life==
In 1937, Violet Hari married politician, lawyer, journalist and later freedom fighter and parliamentarian [[Joachim Alva]].<ref name=":0" /> The couple set up legal practice together. The Alvas had two sons, Niranjan and Chittaranjan, and a daughter, Maya. Niranjan Alva married [[Margaret Alva]], parliamentarian and former Governor of [[Rajasthan]] and [[Gujarat]].<ref name="pia">{{cite web|url=http://www.parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok13/biodata/13KN22.htm|title=Smt. Margaret Alva,: Bio-sketch|publisher=[[Parliament of India]] website}}</ref> In 1943, Violet Alva was arrested by British Indian authorities. She carried her five-month old baby son, Chittaranjan, into [[Arthur Road Jail]] where she was imprisoned.

=== Death and legacy ===
Five days after she resigned as the deputy chairperson of the Rajya Sabha, at 7:45 a.m. ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]) on 20 November 1969, she died from [[cerebral hemorrhage]] at her residence in [[New Delhi]].<ref name="death"/> Following Alva's death, both Houses of the [[Parliament of India|Parliament]] were adjourned for a short interval that day as a mark of respect to her. Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] described her as a "affable and dedicated worker to the national cause who had blazed a trail for women to follow." She added that in Alva's tenure as the Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha, she was gentle but firm when conducting the proceedings. Chairman of the Rajya Sabha [[Gopal Swarup Pathak]], recalling Alva's participation in the [[Quit India Movement]], felt that she left a "tradition of dignity and impartiality." [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], then, a leader of the [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]], recollected that she had carried her five-month old baby into the jail during the Movement and felt that she was had not been treated fairly by the INC. Leaders across the political spectrum such as [[Era Sezhiyan]], [[A. K. Gopalan]] and [[Nirmal Chandra Chatterjee]] also paid their tributes to Alva and commended her for having lived a life of simplicity.<ref name="death"/>

In 2007, a portrait of Joachim and Violet Alva, the first Parliamentarian couple in history, was unveiled in Parliament.<ref name=":1" /> In 2008, the year of Violet's birth centenary, a stamp commemorating the couple was issued by the [[government of India]].<ref name="bio" /><ref name="pia" />

== See also ==
* [[First women lawyers around the world]]

== References ==
{{Commons category}}
{{reflist}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Alva, Violet}}
[[Category:1908 births]]
[[Category:1969 deaths]]
[[Category:Politicians from Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Indian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of India]]
[[Category:Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Women in Gujarat politics]]
[[Category:Women in Maharashtra politics]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Women Indian independence activists]]
[[Category:Politicians from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Women union ministers of India]]
[[Category:Women educators from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Educators from Gujarat]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women judges]]
[[Category:Women members of the Rajya Sabha]]