->Scyrme at 19:58, 20 June 2021

2021-06-20T19:58:28Z

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The '''''Vimānārcanākalpa''''' is a 10th to 11th century text on [[Hatha yoga]], attributed to the sage [[Marichi]].

==Text==
[[File:Nath yogi in Mayurasana peacock pose.jpg|thumb|The ''Vimanarcanakalpa'' is the first text to define a non-seated [[asana]], [[Mayurasana]]. Mahamandir mural, [[Jodhpur]], c. 1810]]

The ''Vimanarcanakalpa'' is a 10th to 11th century prose text{{sfn|Marichi|1926}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Huesken |first1=Ute |title=VaikhAnasa saMhitAs |url=https://ramanuja.org/sri/BhaktiListArchives/Article?p=nov2002/0001.html |publisher=Ramanuja.org |access-date=1 February 2019 |date=2 November 2002}}</ref> on [[Hatha yoga]], attributed to the sage [[Marichi]].<ref name="Mallinson 2011">{{cite web |last1=Mallinson |first1=James |author-link=James Mallinson (author) |title=A Response to Mark Singleton's Yoga Body by James Mallinson |url=https://www.academia.edu/1146607 |access-date=4 January 2019 |date=9 December 2011}} revised from American Academy of Religions conference, San Francisco, 19 November 2011.</ref> It states that [[yoga]] is the union of the individual with the supreme self.{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=21}}

It is one of the earliest texts to describe a non-seated [[asana]] and to call such postures asanas (the term originally and literally meaning a seat), namely [[Mayurasana]] the peacock pose. In chapter 96 it describes nine asanas in all (Brahmasana, [[Svastikasana]], [[Lotus position|Padmasana]], [[Gomukhasana]], [[Simhasana]], [[Muktasana]], Virasana,{{efn|Called hero's posture, but as a cross-legged pose not the same as the modern kneeling [[Virasana]].}} [[Bhadrasana]], and Mayurasana), some 500 years before the ''[[Hatha Yoga Pradipika]]''.{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=87, 100-101}} Its account of Mayurasana, in [[James Mallinson (author)|James Mallinson]]'s translation, is:

{{quote|Fix the palms of the hands on the floor, place the elbows on either side of the navel, raise the head and feet and remain in the air like a staff. This is the peacock posture.{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|p=101}}}}

The text teaches a method of [[pratyahara]], withdrawal using the breath, which is raised through 18 stages called marmans, vital points.{{sfn|Mallinson|Singleton|2017|pp=174, 190, 285, 296}}

The ''Vimanarcanakalpa'' describes other topics, such as the practice of burying sacred bronze objects to protect them in times of trouble.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nagaswamy |first1=R. |title=Eslam Bronzes and Copper-plates |url=http://tamilartsacademy.com/articles/article29.xml |publisher=Tamil Arts Academy |access-date=1 February 2019 |quote=he Vimanarcanakalpa, (Marici text) published in Madras, 1926, Chapter 70, pp. 435-439, gives in detail the process of concealing metal images in times of emergency and restoring them to worship. The chapter is titled Bhaya-raksartham Niskrtih.}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|28em}}

==Sources==

===Primary===

* {{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/Vimanarcanakalpa1926 |title=Vimanarcanakalpa | language=sa |author=Marichi |author-link=Marichi |year=1926 |orig-year=c. 1000}}

===Secondary===

* {{cite book | last1=Mallinson | first1=James |author1-link=James Mallinson (author) |last2=Singleton |first2=Mark |author2-link=Mark Singleton (yoga scholar)| title=[[Roots of Yoga]] | publisher=Penguin Books | year=2017 | isbn=978-0-241-25304-5 | oclc=928480104 }}

{{Hatha yoga}}

[[Category:Sanskrit texts]]
[[Category:Hindu texts]]
[[Category:Hatha yoga texts]]

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Vimanarcanakalpa - Revision history

->Scyrme at 19:58, 20 June 2021