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{{short description|Indian rocket engine}}
{{Infobox rocket engine
|image=Vikas engine of ISRO.JPG
|image_size=250
|caption=Model of the Vikas engine
|name =Vikas
|country_of_origin=[[India]]
|manufacturer = [[Godrej & Boyce]] and MTAR Technologies<ref>{{cite news|title=Manna from Mars ISRO's first mission to the red planet provides a fillip to its local component suppliers.|url=http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/india-maiden-mars-orbiter-mission-companies-role/1/200601.html|access-date=14 February 2014|newspaper=Business Today|date=8 December 2013}}</ref>
|designer =Société Européenne de Propulsion (SEP) [[ISRO]] (licensed version)
|predecessor =[[Viking (rocket engine)|Viking]]
|successor =
|status =Active
|purpose =
|type =liquid
|fuel =[[Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine|UDMH]]
|oxidiser =[[Dinitrogen tetroxide|N2O4]]
|capacity =
|cycle =[[Gas-generator cycle|Gas generator]]
|thrust =850 [[Newton (unit)|kN]]<ref name="Vikas1">[http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/India/Vikas/Vikas.htm India's VIKAS engines and its relationship to the European Viking engines] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222161122/http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/India/Vikas/Vikas.htm }} Norbert Brügge, Germany 24 December 2014</ref>
|specific_impulse_vacuum ={{convert|293|isp}}<ref name=PS />
|specific_impulse_sea_level ={{convert|262|isp}}<ref name=PS />
|chamber_pressure =6.2 [[MPa]] (62 [[Bar (unit)|bar]]) <ref name=PS>[http://www.spaceflight101.com/pslv-launch-vehicle-information.html PSLV Launch Vehicle Information] Space Flight 101 24 December 2014</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=With eye on lunar mission, ISRO to test high-thrust Vikas engine |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2018/mar/28/with-eye-on-lunar-mission-isro-to-test-high-thrust-vikas-engine-1793608.html |access-date=21 May 2022}}</ref>
|thrust_to_weight =
|length ={{convert|3.70|m|abbr=on}}(Vikas-4B)
|dry_weight =
120 in (3,000 mm)
|used_in =2nd stage of [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle|PSLV]] and [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle|GSLV]] Main stage L110 of [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk III|GSLV Mk.III]]
}}
The '''Vikas''' (a [[portmanteau]] from initials of [[Vikram Sarabhai|'''''VIK'''''ram '''''A'''''mbalal '''''S'''''arabhai]]<ref>{{cite news|author1=M Ramesh|title=Godrej Aerospace to make semi-cryogenic engines|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/has-been-supplying-the-vikas-engines-for-isros-rockets/article6705014.ece|work=The Hindu Business Line|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ks1SDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT191|title=Ready To Fire: How India and I Survived the ISRO Spy Case|last=Narayanan|first=Nambi|last2=Ram|first2=Arun|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-93-86826-27-5|page=191}}</ref> ) is a family of [[liquid fuel]]led [[rocket engine]]s conceptualized and designed by the [[Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre]] in the 1970s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2001/12/03/stories/2001120300481300.htm|title=ISRO tests Vikas engine|access-date=2012-12-11|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323164318/http://www.hindu.com/2001/12/03/stories/2001120300481300.htm|archive-date=2014-03-23|work=[[The Hindu]]|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/sci-tech/unsung-hero-of-moon-mission-is-sad-but-forgiving_100226418.html|title=Unsung hero of moon mission is sad but forgiving|author=K.S. Jayaraman|agency=IANS|publisher=Thaindian.com|access-date=2012-12-11|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110175535/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/sci-tech/unsung-hero-of-moon-mission-is-sad-but-forgiving_100226418.html|archive-date=2018-01-10|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The design was based on the licensed version of the [[Viking (rocket engine)|Viking]] engine with the chemical pressurisation system.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sutton|first1=George Paul|title=History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines|publisher=AIAA|isbn=9781563476495|page=799|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s1C9Oo2I4VYC&pg=PA799|language=en}}</ref> The early production Vikas engines used some imported French components which were later replaced by domestically produced equivalents.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sutton|first1=George Paul|title=History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines|publisher=AIAA|isbn=9781563476495|page=882|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s1C9Oo2I4VYC&pg=PA882|language=en}}</ref> It is used in the [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (PSLV) and the [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (GSLV) series of expendable launch vehicles for space launch use.

Vikas engine is used to power the second stage of PSLV, boosters and second stage of GSLV Mark I and II and also the core stage of [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III|GSLV Mark III]]. The propellant loading for Vikas engine in PSLV, GSLV Mark I and II is 40 tons, while in GSLV Mark III is 55 tons.

== History ==
In 1974, [[Societe Europeenne de Propulsion]] agreed to transfer [[Viking (rocket engine)|Viking engine]] technology in return for 100 man-years of engineering work from ISRO. The first engine built from the acquired technology was tested successfully in 1985 by [[Nambi Narayanan]] and his team at ISRO and named it Vikas.<ref name="FFHRP">{{cite book |last=Muthunayagam |first=A.E| editor1-last=Rao |editor1-first=P.V. Manoranjan |title=From Fishing Hamlet to Red Planet: India's Space Journey |page=344|publisher=Harper Collins |isbn=978-93-5177-690-1 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/node/7808/from_fishing_hamlet_to_red_planet_p_v_manoranjan_r.epub |language=en}}</ref>

==Technical details==
[[File:PSLV C50 second stage with Vikas engine.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|PSLV-C50 second stage with Vikas engine]]

The engine uses up about 40 metric tons of [[UDMH]] as fuel and [[Nitrogen tetroxide]] (N2O4) as oxidizer with a maximum thrust of 725 kN. An upgraded version of the engine has a chamber pressure of 58.5 bar as compared to 52.5 bar in the older version and produces a thrust of 800 kN. The engine is capable of [[gimbal]]ling.

For launches from 2018 a 6% increased thrust version of the Vikas engine was developed. It was demonstrated on 29 March 2018 in the [[GSAT 6A]] launch second stage. It will be used for the four Vikas engines first stage boosters on future missions.<ref name=sfn-20180329>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/03/29/india-tests-upgraded-engine-tech-in-successful-communications-satellite-launch/ |title=India tests upgraded engine tech in successful communications satellite launch |last=Clark |first=Stephen |publisher=Spaceflight Now |access-date=30 March 2018}}</ref>

==Variants==
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Type
! rowspan="2" |Nozzle
Diameter

(m)
! rowspan="2" |Length
(m)
! rowspan="2" |Nozzle
Area Ratio
! rowspan="2" |Chamber
pressure

(MPa)
! rowspan="2" |[[Rocket propellant|Fuel]]
! rowspan="2" |Mix Rate
!Flow rate
(t/sec)
! colspan="2" |[[Thrust]](kN)
! colspan="2" |[[Specific impulse|Specific Impulse]] (Ns/kg)
! rowspan="2" |Launcher Stages
|-
!
!Sea Level
!Vacuum
!Sea Level
!Vacuum
|-
| colspan="4" |''Booster/first stage''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Vikas-2
|~1.00
|~2.75
|13.9
|5.30
|[[UDMH]] / {{N2O4}}
|1.86
|0.2469
|600.5
|680.5
|2432
|2756
|[[GSLV|GSLV Mk.I L40H Strapon]]
|-
|Vikas-2B
|~1.00
|~2.75
|13.9
|5.30
|[[UH 25]] / {{N2O4}}
|1.87
|0.2710
|677.7
|765.5
|2501
|2824
|[[GSLV|GSLV Mk.II L40H Strapon]]
|-
|Vikas-X
|~1.80
|~3.75
|
|
|[[UH 25]] / {{N2O4}}
|
|''0.2805''
|756.5
|839.0
|2697
|2991
|[[LVM3|LVM3 L110 stage]]
|-
| colspan="4" |''Second stage''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|Vikas-4
|~1.50
|~3.50
|
|5.35
|[[UDMH]] / {{N2O4}}
|1.86
|0.2498
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|725.0
|
|2903
|[[GSLV|GSLV Mk.I GS2 stage]], [[PSLV|PSLV PS2 stage]]
|-
|Vikas-4B
|~1.80
|~3.70
|
|5.85
|[[UH 25]] / {{N2O4}}
|1.71
|0.2716
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|804.5
|
|2962
|[[GSLV|GSLV Mk.II GS2 stage]], [[PSLV|PSLV PS2 stage]]
|-
| colspan="13" |References:<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/India/Vikas/Vikas.htm|title = India's VIKAS engines and its relationship to the European Viking engines|access-date = 11 December 2015|website = B14643 Internet Presentation to Space Launch Vehicles|publisher = Norbert Brügge|last = Brügge|first = Norbert|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151222161122/http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets_1/India/Vikas/Vikas.htm|archive-date = 22 December 2015|url-status = dead|df = dmy-all}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |url=http://indianspaceweb.blogspot.com/2010/01/l110-test-to-follow-s200.html |title=L110 test to follow S200 |publisher=SuperNova }}
* {{cite web|url=http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/chennaitalkies/class-of-1974-rocket-science-reminiscences/|title=Class of 1974: Rocket science & reminiscences|agency=IANS|publisher=India Today}}

{{Indian space programme}}
{{Rocket engines}}

[[Category:Rocket engines of India]]
[[Category:Rocket engines using hypergolic propellant]]
[[Category:Rocket engines using the gas-generator cycle]]

Vikas (rocket engine) - Revision history

Imdavid21: Crafted a new page.