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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Vijaynagar Invasion of Bijapur (1552)
| partof = Deccani–Vijayanagar wars
| image =
| caption =
| image_size =
| date = 1552
| place = [[Bijapur]], [[India]]
| result = [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijaynagara]]-[[Ahmednagar Sultanate|Ahmadnagar]] victory<br />
| territory = *Rama Raya captured [[Raichur]] and [[Mudgal]]
*[[Burhan Nizam Shah I]] captured [[Sholapur]]
| combatant1 = [[Vijayanagar Empire]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate.svg}} [[Ahmednagar Sultanate]]
| combatant2 = [[Bijapur Sultanate]]
| commander1 = [[Rama Raya]]<br /> [[Siege of Adavani|Venkatadri]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate.svg}} [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]]
| commander2 = [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]]
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
}}

'''Vijaynagar Invasion of Bijapur (1552)''' was a campaign initiated by [[Vijayanagar]] and [[Ahmednagar Sultanate]] against [[Bijapur Sultanate]] After losing [[Basavakalyan|Kalyani]] in a previous conflict, [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]] of Bijapur sought to reclaim the Kalyani In response to his ambitions [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]] of Ahmadnagar and [[Rama Raya]] the powerful regent of Vijayanagar, renewed their alliance to counter Bijapur. Their combined forces launched a invasion of the [[Bijapur Sultanate]] targeting key fortresses. In this campaign, they successfully captured the strategically significant forts of [[Raichur]], [[Mudgal]], and [[Sholapur]].<ref name="aps"/><ref name="bps"/><ref name="cps"/>

==Background==
Following the successful Vijayanagar-Ahmadnagar campaign against Bijapur, hostilities continued despite the recent victories. By the end of 1552, Ibrahim Adil Shah I of Bijapur began preparations to reclaim the strategically vital fort of Kalyani. In response to this Burhan Nizam Shah I of Ahmadnagar, recognizing the importance of maintaining control over Kalyani, sought the assistance of Rama Raya of Vijayanagar. Ambassadors were dispatched to Vijayanagar, and Rama Raya readily agreed to reinforce their alliance. The two leaders arranged to meet near Raichur to devise a coordinated strategy for the campaign.<ref name="aps">{{Cite book |last=Henry Heras |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282973/page/n129/mode/1up?view=theater |title=The Aravidu Dynasty Of Vijayanagara |date=1927|page=84}}</ref><ref name="bps">{{Cite book |last=Briggs |first=John |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.189197/page/n87/mode/1up?view=theater |title=History Of The Rise Of The Mahomedan Power In India Vol.3 |date=1829|pages=63–64}}</ref><ref name="dps">{{Cite book |last=B. G. Kunte |url=https://archive.org/details/medieval-history-of-maharashtra-bg-kunte/page/95/mode/1up?view=theater |title=Medieval History of Maharashtra (B.G. Kunte) |date=1967|page=95}}</ref><ref name="eps">{{Cite book |last=Shyam |first=Radhey |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.118595/page/89/mode/1up?view=theater |title=The Kingdom Of Ahmadnagar |date=1966 |pages=90–91|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass}}</ref><ref name="fps">{{Cite book |last=GOPAL |first=M. H. |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12385/page/n221/mode/1up?view=theater |title=THE HISTORY OF VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE VOL.1 |date=1956 |pages=201–202|publisher=POPULAR PRAKASHAN,BOMBAY}}</ref><ref name="gps">{{Cite book |last=M.h. Rama Sharma |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.480302/page/n237/mode/1up?view=theater |title=The History Of The Vijayanagar Empire |date=1917|pages=201–202}}</ref>

==Campaign==
In response to Bijapur's preparations to retake Kalyani, [[Rama Raya]] marched with a substantial force to [[Raichur]] where he convened with [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]] to finalize their joint strategy. During their meeting, it was agreed that [[Vijayanagar]] would focus on capturing the key forts of [[Raichur]] and [[Mudgal]] strengthening Rama Raya’s influence in the region. In return, [[Rama Raya]] pledged to support [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]] in his campaign to seize the city of [[Sholapur]] and the surrounding areas, as well as the strategic city of [[Gulbarga]].<ref name="aps"/><ref name="bps"/><ref name="eps"/><ref name="fps"/><ref name="gps"/>

The allied forces of Vijayanagar and Ahmadnagar successfully captured the fort of [[Raichur]] Following this victory the garrison at [[Mudgal]] recognizing the futility of resistance, surrendered without opposition. With the strategic forts secured, [[Rama Raya]] entrusted his younger brother Venkatadri to lead a contingent of troops in support of [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]]’s continued campaign. Confident in the strength of the alliance and the progress made, [[Rama Raya]] returned to [[Vijayanagar]] leaving Venkatadri to oversee further operations.<ref name="aps"/><ref name="bps"/><ref name="cps">{{Cite book |last=Sewell |first=Robert |url=https://archive.org/details/forgottenempire00robe/page/189/mode/1up?view=theater |title=A forgotten empire (Vijayanagar) : a contribution to the history of India |date=2000 |publisher=New Delhi : Asian Educational Services |others=Public Resource |isbn=978-81-206-0125-3|page=190}}</ref><ref name="dps"/><ref name="eps"/><ref name="fps"/><ref name="gps"/>

[[File:Raichur Fort 1.jpg|thumb|Raichur Fort]]

[[File:Mudgal fort 4.jpg|thumb|Mudgal fort]]

With the assistance of Venkatadri, the Sultan of [[Ahmadnagar]] successfully captured [[Sholapur]] in a short period and fortified the city before returning to his capital.<ref name="bps"/> While the history of the Sultans of Bijapur, as recorded by [[Ferishta]] does not explain the strategic aim behind the allies' attempt to conquer [[Gulbarga]] the history of the Sultans of Ahmadnagar provides a different perspective. According to this account, Burhan Nizam Shah I was unable to capture the city because he was abandoned by his Hindu ally [[Rama Raya]]. This departure left [[Ahmadnagar]]’s forces unable to maintain their campaign, leading to the failure to seize [[Gulbarga]].<ref name="aps"/><ref name="dps"/><ref name="eps"/><ref name="fps"/><ref name="gps"/>

[[File:Gulbarga Fort..jpg|thumb|Gulbarga Fort.]]

A possible misunderstanding may have occurred between Sultan [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]] and Venkatadri, which led to the latter leaving for [[Vijayanagara]]. Without Venkatadri's crucial support, Nizam Shah's ambitions to conquer [[Gulbarga]] remained unfulfilled. Soon after this setback, Nizam Shah died.<ref name="aps"/>

==Aftermath==
After the death of [[Burhan Nizam Shah I]] his son [[Hussain Nizam Shah I]] ascended the throne of Ahmadnagar. Seeking stability and peace, Hussain initiated talks with [[Ibrahim Adil Shah I]] of Bijapur. The two rulers met on their borders in a diplomatic gesture of goodwill. The meeting was marked by cordial discussions, and both kings managed to resolve their differences, leading to a peaceful understanding. They parted ways satisfied with the terms of their agreement, bringing an end to hostilities between their kingdoms, at least for a time being.<ref name="bps"/>

==See also==
* [[Ahmednagar Sultanate]]
* [[Rama Raya]]
* [[Vijayanagara Empire]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Battles involving the Vijayanagara Empire]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Indian kingdoms]]
[[Category:Battles involving Ahmadnagar Sultanate]]

Vijaynagara Invasion of Bijapur (1552) - Revision history

Sshekhar898: starting entry - done