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{{Short description|Indian Ocean undersea mountain range}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Viaud Ridge
| map = Indian Ocean
| elevation = -2,300m
| length_km = 15-25
| etymology = Gustave Viaud
| coordinates = {{coord|2|N|76|E}}
| location = {{ulist|[[Indian Ocean]]|[[Laccadive Sea]]}}
}}

'''Viaud Ridge''' is an [[undersea mountain range]] in the Indian Ocean located south of India, southwest of Sri Lanka and east of the [[Maldives]]. Its morphology remains poorly defined: estimates range from between 15 and 25 kilometers long, peaking at about 1,700 meters above the [[Abyssal plain|ocean floor]]. Discovered in 1970, it was only named in 1993 in honor of the brother of the French writer [[Pierre Loti]], [[Gustave Viaud]], a [[naval surgeon]] and the first photographer of [[Tahiti]] who died and was immersed in the area in 1865.

== Geography ==
Viaud Ridge is an underwater mountain range in the Indian Ocean<ref name="Quella-Villégier, 3">{{Cite book |last1=Quella-Villégier |first1=Alain |title=Géographie subjective française de l'océan Indien à l'époque coloniale (1850–1950) |last2=Dodille |first2=Norbert |publisher=Presses de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne |year=2009 |isbn=978-2-84050-607-2 |series=Idées et représentations coloniales dans l'océan Indien |location=Paris |pages=125–138 |language=fr |trans-title=French subjective geography of the Indian Ocean in the colonial era (1850–1950)}}</ref> located in the [[Laccadive Sea]].<ref name="VLIMAR">{{Cite web |last=Paula |first=Oset Garcia |date=2016-04-23 |title=Viaud Ridge |url=https://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=7357 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Marine Gazetteer |language=en}}</ref> The neighbouring land masses are Sri Lanka,<ref name="Quella-Villégier, 3" /><ref name="Quella-Villégier, 2">{{Cite journal |last=Quella-Villégier |first=Alain |year=2006 |title=Gustave Viaud : premier photographe |trans-title=Gustave Viaud, first photographer |url=http://pdf.actualite-poitou-charentes.info/073/actu73juil2006_66-69..pdf |url-status=dead |journal=L'Actualité Poitou-Charentes |language=French |volume=July–September |issue=73 |pages=66–69 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184930/https://pdf.actualite-poitou-charentes.info/073/actu73juil2006_66-69..pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref> with the capital [[Colombo]] 650 kilometers to the north-north-east,<ref name="Quella-Villégier, 3" /><ref name="Quella-Villégier, 1">{{Cite book |last=Quella-Villégier |first=Alain |title=Pierre Loti: Le pèlerin de la planète |date=1 January 1998 |publisher=Aubéron |isbn=978-2-908650-77-8 |location=Anglet |pages=524 |language=fr |trans-title=Pierre Loti: The pilgrim of the planet}}</ref><ref name="La Prairie">{{Cite book |last=la Prairie |first=Yves |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H9tnKkGiTJUC |title=Le Vrai Visage de Pierre Loti |publisher=Ancre de marine |year=2001 |isbn=978-2-84141-172-6 |location=Louviers |pages=111 |language=French |trans-title=The True Face of Pierre Loti}}</ref> the southern tip of India to the north and the Maldives to the west, at the latitude of [[Addu Atoll]].<ref name="AtlasWMV">{{Cite book |title=Atlas du monde : Cartes |publisher=Wissen Media Verlag |year=2007 |isbn=978-2-7098-1890-2 |location=Gütersloh/Munich |pages=306–307, 485 |language=fr |trans-title=World Atlas : Maps}}</ref>

Viaud Ridge rises above the [[Oceanic basin|oceanic depression]] of the Central Indian Basin, an abyssal plain of the Indian Ocean inscribed between the [[Indian subcontinent]] to the north and northwest, the [[Central Indian Ridge]] to the west, the [[Southeast Indian Ridge]] to the south, and the [[Ninety East Ridge]] to the east.<ref name="AtlasWMV" /> It is 15 to 25 kilometers long and has a maximum [[Topographic prominence|prominence]] of about 1,700 meters.<ref name="Quella-Villégier, 1">{{Cite book |last=Quella-Villégier |first=Alain |title=Pierre Loti: Le pèlerin de la planète |date=1 January 1998 |publisher=Aubéron |isbn=978-2-908650-77-8 |location=Anglet |pages=524 |language=fr |trans-title=Pierre Loti: The pilgrim of the planet}}</ref> The seabed is 4,000 to 5,000 meters deep in this area of the Central Indian Basin, so the highest point of Viaud Ridge is between 3,300 and 2,300 meters below [[sea level]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Atlas universel |date=1 January 1982 |publisher=[[Reader's Digest]] and [[Le Monde]] |isbn=978-2709800051 |location=Paris, Bruxelles, Zurich, Montréal |pages=27, 130 |language=fr |trans-title=Universal Atlas}}</ref>

Discovered in 1970<ref name="Quella-Villégier, 3">{{Cite book |last1=Quella-Villégier |first1=Alain |title=Géographie subjective française de l'océan Indien à l'époque coloniale (1850–1950) |last2=Dodille |first2=Norbert |publisher=Presses de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne |year=2009 |isbn=978-2-84050-607-2 |series=Idées et représentations coloniales dans l'océan Indien |location=Paris |pages=125–138 |language=fr |trans-title=French subjective geography of the Indian Ocean in the colonial era (1850–1950)}}</ref><ref name="GEBCO">{{Cite web |last= |year=2009 |title=Viaud Ridge – GEBCO 2019 Undersea Feature Names Gazetteer |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/gazetteer/ |website=[[General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans]]}}</ref> by various ships passing through this sector of the Indian Ocean,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/undersea_feature_names/documents/gebco_gazet_sep09_rev1.xls |title= GEBCO Gazetteer September 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172758/http://www.gebco.net/data_and_products/undersea_feature_names/documents/gebco_gazet_sep09_rev1.xls |archivedate=3 March 2016 |publisher=[[GEBCO]]}}</ref><ref name="GEBCO" /> the submarine chain was still poorly defined in 2008, leading it to be listed at a [[General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans]] summit held that year in Jeju, South Korea, as one of 183 underwater features requiring more precise geographic coordinates.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Weatherall |first1=Pauline |last2=Cramer |first2=Ray |date=19–22 May 2008 |title=Report to the GEBCO Sub-committee on Undersea Feature Names on the work carried out at the British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC) with the GEBCO Gazetteer of Undersea Feature Names |url=https://legacy.iho.int/mtg_docs/com_wg/SCUFN/SCUFN21/SCUFN21-09.1A_BODC_Report_on_GEBCO_Gazetteer.pdf |access-date=31 May 2022 |website=[[International Hydrographic Organization]] |location=Joseph Proudman Building, 6 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L3 5DA, UK |page=21 }}</ref> According to GEBCO and VLIZ Marine Gazetteer, it is located between {{coord|1|18|N|75|45|E}} and {{coord|2|27|N|77|24|E}} longitude,<ref name="VLIMAR">{{Cite web |last=Paula |first=Oset Garcia |date=2016-04-23 |title=Viaud Ridge |url=https://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=7357 |access-date=1 April 2022 |website=Marine Gazetteer |language=en}}</ref><ref name="GEBCO" /> but French researcher Alain Quella-Villégier also gives its maximum latitude as 1°42′N.<ref name="Quella-Villégier, 3" />

== Toponymy ==

Viaud Ridge was named after a suggestion made in approximately April or May 1993<ref name="Quella-Villégier, 3">{{Cite book |last1=Quella-Villégier |first1=Alain |title=Géographie subjective française de l'océan Indien à l'époque coloniale (1850–1950) |last2=Dodille |first2=Norbert |publisher=Presses de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne |year=2009 |isbn=978-2-84050-607-2 |series=Idées et représentations coloniales dans l'océan Indien |location=Paris |pages=125–138 |language=fr |trans-title=French subjective geography of the Indian Ocean in the colonial era (1850–1950)}}</ref><ref name="Quella-Villégier, 2" /> by Robert Fisher,<ref name="Quella-Villégier, 3" /> a professor at the [[University of California, San Diego]] campus<ref name="Quella-Villégier, 3" /> and part of the [[Scripps Institution of Oceanography]] in [[La Jolla]].<ref name="La Prairie" /><ref name="GEBCO" /> His proposal, validated in May 1993 by the GEBCO sub-committee on toponyms of underwater features, honours the Frenchman Gustave Viaud, elder brother of the writer Pierre Loti, whom he interacted with on some occasions.<ref name="GEBCO" /> Viaud was a naval surgeon,<ref name="Quella-Villégier, 3" /><ref name="Quella-Villégier, 2" /> explorer<ref name="Quella-Villégier, 3" /> and the first photographer of Tahiti.<ref name="Quella-Villégier, 3" /><ref name="Quella-Villégier, 2" /> He died and was immersed in the area.<ref name="Quella-Villégier, 3" /><ref name="La Prairie" /><ref name="GEBCO" /> Exhausted by fatigue and cholera, which he had contracted in [[Côn Đảo Prison]],<ref name="La Prairie" /> he died at sea on 10 March 1865<ref name="Quella-Villégier, 3" /><ref name="Quella-Villégier, 2" /> while his ship, the Alphée<ref name="Quella-Villégier, 2" /> was in the [[Bay of Bengal]];<ref name="Quella-Villégier, 3" /> the next day, his body was released into the sea,<ref name="Quella-Villégier, 3" /><ref name="Quella-Villégier, 2" /> at {{coord|6|11|N|84|48|E}}.<ref name="Quella-Villégier, 3" />

== See also ==
* [[Seamount]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Abyssal plains]]
[[Category:Seamounts of the Indian Ocean]]

Viaud Ridge - Revision history

Khalek Rahaman: creating a page.