https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Vestalis_submontanaVestalis submontana - Revision history2026-11-07T21:08:53ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vestalis_submontana&diff=276753&oldid=prev->Plantdrew: taxobox cleanup2021-12-14T21:00:47Z<p>taxobox cleanup</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Species of damselfly}}<br />
{{Speciesbox<br />
| image = Vestalis apicalis submontana.jpg<br />
| image_caption = Male<br />
| image2 = Vestalis submontana-Silent Valley-2016-08-14-001.jpg<br />
| image2_caption = Female<br />
| taxon = Vestalis submontana<br />
| authority = Fraser, 1934<br />
| synonyms = <br />
*''Vestalis gracilis montana'' {{small|Fraser, 1934}}<br />
*''Vestalis apicalis submontana'' {{small|Fraser, 1934}}<br />
}}<br />
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'''''Vestalis submontana'''''<ref name=wol>{{World Odonata List}}</ref><ref name=caloptera>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://caloptera.com/World-Calopterygoidea-List.pdf|title=Calopterygoidea of the World |author=M. Hamalainen| publisher=caloptera.com| accessdate=2017-02-20}}</ref> is a [[species]] of [[damselfly]] belonging to the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Calopterygidae]]. It is [[endemic]] to the [[Western Ghats]] of [[India]].<ref name=Hamalainen>{{cite web<br />
|url=http://www.caloptera.com/pdf/Hamalainen%202011%20Taxonomic%20status%20of%20Vestalis%20submontana.pdf|title=NOTES ON THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF VESTALIS SUBMONTANA FRASER, 1934 FROM SOUTH INDIA (ZYGOPTERA: CALOPTERYGIDAE) |author=M. Hamalainen| publisher=caloptera.com|accessdate=2017-02-20}}</ref><ref name=atlas>{{cite book |last1=K.A. |first1=Subramanian |last2=K.G. |first2=Emiliyamma |last3=R. |first3=Babu |last4=C. |first4=Radhakrishnan |last5=S.S. |first5=Talmale |title=Atlas of Odonata (Insecta) of the Western Ghats, India |date=2018 |publisher=Zoological Survey of India |isbn=9788181714954|pages=72–73}}</ref><br />
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[[Frederic Charles Fraser]] described two new subspecies ''Vestalis gracilis amaena'' and ''Vestalis apicalis amaena'' in 1929<ref name="Fraser-JBNHS">{{cite journal |last1=Fraser |first1=F. C. |title=Indian Dragonflies |journal=The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |volume=33 |issue=2–3 |pages=583–584 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/182873#page/249/mode/1up |accessdate=13 October 2018}}</ref> and later gave replacement names ''Vestalis gracilis montana'' and ''Vestalis apicalis submontana'' in 1934. The type specimens were from [[Nilgiri mountains]] in [[Western Ghats]] of [[South India]].<ref name=Fraser>{{cite book|author=C FC Lt. Fraser|author-link=Frederic Charles Fraser|title=The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, Odonata Vol. II|publisher=Taylor and Francis|location=Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London|year=1934|pages=128, 130|url=https://archive.org/details/FraserOdonata2/page/n153}}</ref><ref name=Hamalainen/><br />
<br />
Matti Hämäläinen<ref>{{cite web<br />
|url=https://science.naturalis.nl/en/people/scientists/matti-haemaelaeinen/|title=Matti Hämäläinen | publisher=[[Naturalis]] |accessdate=2017-02-20}}</ref> studied the type specimens of these taxa and other material preserved in collections of [[Natural History Museum, London|BMNH (London)]], [[Museum of Natural Sciences|IRSN (Brussels)]] and [[Naturalis Biodiversity Center|RMNH (Leiden)]] in 2011. He concluded that there is striking structural and colour differences which indicate that ''submontana'' is a distinct species. And its sympatric occurrence with ''V. apicalis'' and ''V. gracilis'' alone rules out its former subspecies status. So ''V. a. submontana'' is now considered as a separate species ''Vestalis submontana'' Fraser 1934 and ''Vestalis gracilis montana'' Fraser, 1934 a synonym of it.<ref name=Hamalainen/><br />
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==Description and habitat==<br />
It is similar to ''[[Vestalis apicalis]]'' and ''[[Vestalis gracilis]]''; but the face is black and the black apex of wings much restricted, occupying only<br />
about 2·5&nbsp;mm. It is not sharply defined in young males and in females. The body color is dull golden-bronzed metallic green. It is a bit smaller than the other two species.<ref name=Fraser/><ref name=Hamalainen/> The structure of the male appendages is also different. The inferior appendages are proportionally longer than the other two species.<ref name=Hamalainen/><br />
<gallery><br />
File:Vestalis submontana -adult male.jpg|Male (sub-adult)<br />
File:Vestalis submontana - male side view.jpg|Caudal appendages of male (lateral view)<br />
File:Vestalis submontana Male.jpg|Caudal appendages of male (ventral view)<br />
</gallery><br />
It is found in the [[Highland|upland]] forest streams in [[South India]].<ref name=Fraser/><ref name=Hamalainen/><br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[Vestalis gracilis]]<br />
* [[Vestalis apicalis]]<br />
* [[List of odonates of India]]<br />
* [[List of odonata of Kerala]]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
{{Wikispecies-inline|Vestalis submontana}}<br />
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{{Commons category-inline|Vestalis submontana}}<br />
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q18461200}}<br />
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[[Category:Calopterygidae]]<br />
[[Category:Insects described in 1934]]<br />
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{{Calopterygoidea-stub}}</div>->Plantdrew