Velir - Revision history

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	{{Short description\|Royal house of Yadu dynasty}}		{{Short description\|Royal house of Yadu dynasty}}
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	{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2019}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2019}}

2409:40F2:5:140E:8000:0:0:0: No proof 😞

2026-08-15T13:22:39Z

No proof 😞

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:52, 15 August 2026
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	Historian [[R. Nagaswamy]] writes that quite a number of these velirs were indigenous and natives of Tamil country but some of the velirs seem to have migrated from dvaraka.<ref name="Art And Culture Of Tamilnadu"/>		Historian [[R. Nagaswamy]] writes that quite a number of these velirs were indigenous and natives of Tamil country but some of the velirs seem to have migrated from dvaraka.<ref name="Art And Culture Of Tamilnadu"/>

	The [[Irunkōvēl]] kings trace their lineage to the clan of [[Krishna]]; one of the inscriptions at Kodumbalur belonging to one of the kings in the Irunkovel line, namely Tennavan Irunkōvēl.<ref name="Ayyar Government Museum (Chennai 2002 p.15"/><ref name="India. Archæological Dept 1913 p.122">{{cite book \| author=India. Archæological Dept \| title=Epigraphia Indica \| series=[Reports].: New imperial series \| issue=v. 12 \| year=1913 \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4LBCAAAAYAAJ&q=The+Ko%E1%B8%8Dumb%C4%81%C4%BC%C5%ABr+inscription+of+Vikramak%C4%93sari+,+also+called+Tennavan+Ilang%C5%8Dv%C4%93l,+declares+that+he+belonged+to+the+Yadava+race \| language=it \| access-date=2022-12-20 \| page=122}}</ref> The [[Moovar Koil]] record of Irukkuvel chief [[Boothi Vikramakesari]] lauds his father, Samarabirama, as ''Yadu-vamsa-ketu'' (Banner of the Yadu race).<ref name="Ayyar Government Museum (Chennai 2002 p.15" /><ref name="Indica 1995 p.93">{{cite book \| title=Indica \| publisher=Heras Institute of Indian History and Culture, St. Xavier's College. \| issue=v. 32 \| year=1995 \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4hZDAAAAYAAJ&q=Vikramakesari+yadhu \| access-date=2022-12-20 \| page=93}}</ref> Historians consider the [[Ay dynasty\|Ay]] velirs originated from the pastoralists of [[Abhira tribe\|Ayars]] and they gained preeminence at an early stage in Tamil history.<ref>{{cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzgaS1wRnl8C&pg=RA1-PA33 \|title=Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: History, Art, and Traditions in Tamilnāḍu \|publisher=Institute of Asian Studies \|date=2001 \|first=T. \|last=Padmaja \|pages=33–34\|isbn=9788170173984 }}</ref><ref name="Environment, Development and Society in Contemporary India:An Introduction 2008 p. 23">{{cite book \| title=Environment, Development and Society in Contemporary India:An Introduction \| publisher=Macmillan India \| year=2008 \| isbn=978-0-230-63530-2 \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xt9KHerkrkAC&pg=PA23 \| access-date=2022-12-12 \| page=23}}</ref><ref name="Matlock 2000 p. 100">{{cite book \| last=Matlock \| first=G. \| title=India Once Ruled the Americas! \| publisher=iUniverse \| year=2000 \| isbn=978-0-595-13468-7 \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlnQmHpVSh8C&pg=PA100 \| access-date=2022-12-12 \| page=100}}</ref>		The [[Irunkōvēl]] kings trace their lineage to the clan of [[Krishna]]; one of the inscriptions at Kodumbalur belonging to one of the kings in the Irunkovel line, namely Tennavan Irunkōvēl.<ref name="Ayyar Government Museum (Chennai 2002 p.15"/><ref name="India. Archæological Dept 1913 p.122">{{cite book \| author=India. Archæological Dept \| title=Epigraphia Indica \| series=[Reports].: New imperial series \| issue=v. 12 \| year=1913 \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4LBCAAAAYAAJ&q=The+Ko%E1%B8%8Dumb%C4%81%C4%BC%C5%ABr+inscription+of+Vikramak%C4%93sari+,+also+called+Tennavan+Ilang%C5%8Dv%C4%93l,+declares+that+he+belonged+to+the+Yadava+race \| language=it \| access-date=2022-12-20 \| page=122}}</ref> The [[Moovar Koil]] record of Irukkuvel chief [[Boothi Vikramakesari]] lauds his father, Samarabirama, as ''Yadu-vamsa-ketu'' (Banner of the Yadu race).<ref name="Ayyar Government Museum (Chennai 2002 p.15" /><ref name="Indica 1995 p.93">{{cite book \| title=Indica \| publisher=Heras Institute of Indian History and Culture, St. Xavier's College. \| issue=v. 32 \| year=1995 \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4hZDAAAAYAAJ&q=Vikramakesari+yadhu \| access-date=2022-12-20 \| page=93}}</ref>

	==History==		==History==

MyronMullet1862: add section additionally and fixed typos

2026-03-13T22:30:58Z

add section additionally and fixed typos

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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Royal house||surname=Velir|estate=[[Thamizhagam]]|coat of arms=|country=[[India]]|titles=Satyaputra|founder=|final ruler=|current head=|founding year=|dissolution=|cadet branches=|other_families=[[Ay dynasty|Ay]] [[Athiyamān]] [[Malayamān]] [[Vēl Pāri]] [[Irunkōvēl]] Nannan Vel Avi Pekan}}

The '''Velir''' were a [[royal house]] of minor dynastic kings and aristocratic chieftains in [[Tamilakam]] in the early historic period of [[South India]].<ref name="Meluhha and Agastya">{{cite web|url=http://www.harappa.com/arrow/meluhha_and_agastya_2009.pdf|title=Meluhha and Agastya : Alpha and Omega of the Indus Script|last=Mahadevan|first=Iravatham|year=2009|location=Chennai, India|page=16|quote=The story of the southern migration of the Vēḷir from Dvārakā under the leadership of Agastya is narrated by Naccinarkkiniyar in his commentary on Tolkāppiyam (pāyiram ; Poruḷ. 34). According to this legend, the gods congregated on Mount Meru as a result of which the earth tilted, lowering Meru and raising the southern quarter. The gods thereupon decided that Agastya was the best person to remedy this situation and requested him to proceed to the South. Agastya agreed and, on his way, visited Tuvarāpati’ (Dvārakā) and led the descendants of neṭu-muṭi-an{{!}}n{{!}}al (Viṣṇu or Krṣṇa) including eighteen kings, eighteen families of the Vēḷir and the Aruvāḷar' to the south, where they settled down clearing the forests and cultivating the land.}}</ref> They had close relations with [[Chera dynasty|Chera]], [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] and [[Pandya dynasty|Pandya]] rulers through ruling and coronation rights.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

==Origin==
According to the ''[[Tholkappiyam]]'', the earliest work of [[Tamil literature]], eighteen clans of the Velirs came from the city of ''[[Tuvarapati]]'' under the leadership of the sage [[Agastya]].<ref name="Meluhha and Agastya"/><ref name="pivotpolitics">Pivot politics: changing cultural identities in early state formation processes By M. van Bakel page 165: "The Velir were an instrusive group in South India... It is now suggested that (...) may have been associated with the [[Yadava]] of Dvaraka..."[https://books.google.com/books?id=TXOc1WJVpoQC&pg=PA165]</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Ancient Indian Social History: Some Interpretations|author=Romila Thapar|publisher=Orient Blackswan, 1978 - India - 341 pages|page=224}}</ref> The legend goes that all the gods and sages went to the Himalayas to attend the marriage of [[Shiva|Siva]] with [[Parvati]] due to which the earth started tilting to one side. Agastya was then requested to proceed south to restore the balance. On his way south, Agastya married Lopamudra and is said to have brought with him sage Jamadagni's son Trnadhumagni or Tholkappiyar, the author of [[Tamil language|Tamil]] grammar, and eighteen members of the [[Vrishni]] family along with eighteen crore Velir and Aruvalar.<ref>{{cite book|title=Insights into Hinduism|author=Ramchandra Narayan Dandekar|publisher=Ajanta Publications, 1979|page=376}}</ref> It has been suggested by some like Thapar and Champakalakshmi, that the ancestors of the Velir may have been related to the Yadava of Dvaraka and the inhabitants of the post [[Harappa]]n Chacolithic Black and Red ware sites. According to Thapar, the Yadava may have belonged to a non Indo-Aryan language group.<ref name="pivotpolitics"/> They eventually reached [[Tamraparni]], and as the Velir-Perumakan group, cultivated its ancient civilisation as a political, sociocultural and economic structure in South India and Sri Lanka.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Thapar |first1=Romila |last2=Champakalakshmi |first2=Radha |last3=Gopal |first3=Sarvepalli |title=Tradition, Dissent and Ideology: Essays in Honour of Romila Thapar |date=1996 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195638677 |page=309 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ay9uAAAAMAAJ&q=velir+perumakan |access-date=5 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

Historians consider the [[Ay dynasty|Ay]] velirs are originally from the cowherd caste of [[Konar (caste)|Ayars]] and they gained preeminence at an early stage in Tamil history.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x3gOAAAAYAAJ&q=caste |title=The Eight Anthologies: A Study in Early Tamil Literature| publisher= Institute of Asian Studies| work= History |date=1985 |first=John R |last=Marr |pages=195}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzgaS1wRnl8C&pg=RA1-PA33 |title=Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: History, Art, and Traditions in Tamilnāḍu |publisher=Institute of Asian Studies |date=2001 |first=T. |last=Padmaja |pages=33–34|isbn=9788170173984 }}</ref>

==Velir chiefs==
[[File:Moovar Koil Temple.jpg|thumb|right|[[Moovar Koil]] Temple Complex built by Irunkovel chieftain Boothi Vikramakesari]]

[[Athiyamān Nedumān Añci]] and his son Ezhini, were [[Athiyamān]] chieftains, based in Tagadur (present day village located in [[Dharmapuri district]]). They were contemporaries of [[Auvaiyar]]. The Sangam poem "''Thagadur yathirai''", now lost, was written about his battle with the Chera king. Another Velir was [[Irunkōvēl]] who ruled over Konaadu, the area in and around [[Pudukottai]], with their capital in [[Kodumbalur]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Studies in the History of Ancient Townships in Pudukkottai|first=R.|last=Tirumalai|publisher=Institute of Epigraphy, State Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamil Nadu|year=1981|page=1}}</ref> Nannan was another Velir chieftain who hailed from [[Tulu Nadu]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Culture of Creativity: Footprints of Indian Civilization, Volume 3 of Panorama of Indian Culture|isbn=8178880253|author=Rohan Peter, Utsav Manihara|publisher=Dominant Publishers and Distributors|year=2001|page=10}}</ref> Yet another Velir chief was Pekan of the Vel Avi family who ruled over Pothini, the modern [[Palani]] near [[Madurai]].{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} Other ancient Velir chiefs of repute include Alumbil Vel, Alandur Vel, [[Ilanji Vel]] and Nangur Vel.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=van Bakel |editor1-first=Martin |editor2-first=Renée |editor2-last=Hagesteijn |editor3-first=Piet |editor3-last=van de Velde |first=Sudharshan |last=Seneviratne |chapter=The Twilight of the Perumakan: South Indian Polity Restructured and Incorporated |title=Pivot Politics: Changing Cultural Identities in Early State Formation Processes |year=1994 |publisher=Het Spinhuis |location=Amsterdam |isbn=978-90-5589-007-1 |page=172 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TXOc1WJVpoQC}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[History of Tamil Nadu]]

==References==
{{reflist|group=note}}
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Tamil history]]
[[Category:History of Kerala]]
[[Category:History of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan Tamil history]]