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{{Short description|Hindu temple in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Veerateswarar temple
| image = Thiruvirkudi (11).jpg
| alt =
| caption = ''Gopura'' of the Veerataneswarar Temple
| map_type = Tamil Nadu
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|10.831304| 79.663743|display=inline,title}}
| native_name =
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Mayiladuthurai district|Mayiladuthurai]]
| location = Thiruvirkudi
| elevation_m =
| deity = Veerateeswarar ([[Shiva]])
| primary_deity_Goddess =
| utsava_deity_Goddess=
| facade_direction =
| temple_tank =
| tower =
| festivals=
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}
'''Veerateeswarar Temple''' (also called '''Thiruvirkudi Veerateeswarar temple''') is a [[Hindu temple]] located at Thiruvirkudi in [[Mayiladuthurai district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. The presiding deity is [[Shiva]] in the form of Veerateswarar and his consort is known as Elavar Kuzhali. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the ''[[Tevaram]]'', written by Tamil saint poets known as the [[nayanars]] and classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]'', the 276 temples that find mention in it.

As per Hindu legend, Shiva is believed to have destroyed eight different demons and the eight Ashta Veeratanam temples are built signifying each of his victories. The temple is counted one of the eight where Shiva is believed to have punished [[Jalandhara]].

The temple has four daily rituals at various times from 6:30 a.m. to 8:30 p.m., and few yearly festivals on its calendar. The present masonry structure was built during the [[Chola dynasty]] during the 9th century, while later expansions are attributed to [[Thanjavur Nayaks]]. The temple is maintained and administered by the Dharmapuram Aadhenam.

==Legend==
[[File:Hindu mythology, Vedic and Purânic (1882) (14778963944).jpg|thumb|left|200px|Legend of Shiva slaying a demon]]
In the [[Shiva Purana]], when [[Indra]] and [[Brihaspati]] were going towards [[Mount Kailash]] to meet [[Shiva]], they met a mendicant on the way who was Shiva himself. Indra did not recognize and was asking him about the whereabouts of Shiva, for which the medicant did not reply. Getting infuriated, Indra used his weapon, the Vajrayudam on Shiva. Shiva was angry at Indra and immediately opened the third eye to destroy Indra. [[Brihaspati]] recognized [[Shiva]] and prayed to him, requesting him to pardon [[Indra]]. To avoid killing Indra, Shiva directed the fire from his eye towards the ocean. The fire when it met with the ocean created an [[asura]] who [[Brahma]] named Jalandhara as he was born out of ocean. He also told the celestial deities that since he emanated from the third eye of Shiva, he can be killed only by Shiva.<ref name= "Stella1992">{{cite book|author= [[Stella Kramrisch]]|title= The Presence of Siva|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=O5BanndcIgUC&q=jalandhara&pg=PA391|year= 1992|publisher= [[Princeton University Press]]|isbn= 978-0-691-01930-7|pages= 388, 389, 391}}</ref>

Jalandhara under the aegis of the Guru [[Sukracharya]] became very powerful. He defeated all celestial deities and [[Indra]]. Indra along with other deities prayed to Shiva to destroy the demon. Jalandhara in the meanwhile, married [[Tulsi in Hinduism|Tulasi]] (also called Vrinda), the daughter of the Asura Kalanemi. Her chastity and devotion to the husband, made him even more powerful. Shiva appeared as Veerateewarar (also called Jalandharavathamurthy) There was severe fight between the Shiva and Jalandhara in Virkudi, with both showing equal prowess. Each time Shiva appeared overpowering Jalandhara, Tulasi's chastity was sving him. [[Vishnu]] in the meanwhile tricked Tulasi by appearing as a sage and bringing bad dreams to her. She approached the sage for relief, who created a mirage showing Jalandhara being killed by Shiva with the sage bringing him back to life. Tulasi was happy with the replica of Jalandhar, who was Vishnu himself. She lost her chastity on account of the incident. Shiva in the meanwhile, challenged Jalandhara to break a chariot, which he could not. Shiva killed the demon with the chariot. Tulasi, in the meanwhile cursed Vishnu that he would turn into a stone. Pleased by the devotion of her, Vishnu gave her a boon that she will be part of every Vishnu worship and she would acquire equal place in his heart as [[Lakshmi]]. Jalandhar, being born out of Shiva, got merged into Shiva.<ref name=Giri>{{cite book|title=108 Thennaga Shivasthalangal|language=ta|publisher=Giri Trading Agency Private Limited|isbn=978-81-7950-707-0|last=R.|first=Ponnammal|pages=120–5}}</ref><ref name=Saiva4/>

==Architecture==
[[File:Thiruvirkudi (1).jpg|200x200px|thumb|Veerateeswarar image in the temple]]
The temple is located in Thiruvirkudi, a village {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} away from Moongilkudi in [[Mayiladuthurai]] - [[Thiruvarur]] road. The temple faces the East and has a five-tiered ''raja[[gopuram]]''. The temple tank, the Chakra Theertham is located outside the main entrance and another water body named Sangu Theertham is located behind the temple. The sanctum houses the image of Veeratneeswarar in the form of ''[[lingam]]''. The sanctum has ardhamandapa before it and a Mahamandapa, the worship hall. The Mahamandapa houses the metal image of Kamadahanamurthy sported with six hands holding six different weapons. There are metal images of festival deities in the Mahamandapa. The Mahamandapam also houses other metal image of [[Murugan]], [[Somaskanda]] and [[Vinayagar]]. The important image is that of Jalandharavathamurthy, a [[panchaloha]] image sported with chakra in right hand and various weapons in the other hands. The shrine of Ambal in the form of Elavar Kuzhali faces South. The image is sported in standing posture with four hands. The ceiling in the hall before the Ambal shrine has the twelve zodiac signs. The temple has two precincts and all the shrines in the temple are enshrined in rectangular granite walls. The outer precinct has the image of Vishnu and Tulsi built shrine, which is also believed to be the place where Vishnu worshipped Shiva.<ref name=Giri/>

== Religious significance ==
As per Hindu legend, Shiva is believed to have destroyed eight different demons namely Andakasuran, Gajasuran, Jalandasuran, Thirupuradhi, Kaman, Arjunan, Dakshan and Taaragasuran. There are Ashta Veeratanam temples built signifying each of his victories in the war,<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Medical and Spiritual Sciences of Siddhas of Tamil Nadu|last=P.|first=Karthigayan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q4HDDAAAQBAJ&q=veerattam&pg=PT388|page=388|publisher=Notion Press|year=2016|isbn=9789352065523}}</ref> and also as places where he is believed to have performed with fury.<ref name=C137>[[#Madhavan|Madhavan 2014]], p. 145</ref> The eight temples are: [[Thiruvadigai Temple, Panruti|Tiruvadigai Veerattaaneswarar Temple]] at Thiruvadigai, [[Veerateeswarar Temple|Tirukkovilur Veerateshwarar Temple]] at [[Tirukoilur]], Veerateswarar temple at Thiruvirkudi or Thirukkurukkai, [[Amritaghateswarar-Abirami Temple, Thirukkadaiyur|Amirtagateswarar Temple]] at [[Thirukadaiyur]], [[Viratteswara Temple, Vazhuvur|Vazhuvur Verateswarar Temple]] at [[Vazhuvoor]], [[Keelaparasalur Veerateswarar Temple]] at Tirupariyalur, [[Kandeeswarar Temple]] at [[Thirukkandiyur]] and [[Tiruvirkudi Veerataneswarar Temple]] at Thiruvirkudi.<ref name=R>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZY2lZpy.TVA_BOK_0006115|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|pages=458–9}}</ref> Shiva in all these temples are described to have used bow and arrow, trident and spear.

It is one of the shrines of the 275 [[Paadal Petra Sthalams]] - [[Shiva Temples of Tamil Nadu#Sthalams|Shiva Sthalams]] glorified in the early medieval ''[[Tevaram]]'' poems by Tamil Saivite [[Nayanars|Nayanar]] [[Sambandar]]. The ten songs of Sambandar are compiled in second ''[[Thirumurai]]'' as 108th canto.<ref name=Saiva4>{{cite book|title=Saiva Encyclopaedia volume 4 - Thirumurai Thalangal|editor-last=Dr. R.|editor-first=Selvaganapathy|publisher=Saint Sekkizhaar Human Resource Development Charitable Trust|location=Chennai, India|year=2013|pages=411–3}}</ref>

Tirugnanasambandar describes the feature of the deity as:<ref>Tirugnanasambandar Tevaram, II:108:9</ref>
{{cquote|செங்கண் மாலொடு நான்முகன் தேடியுந் திருவ டியறியாமை<br>
எங்கு மாரெரி யாகிய இறைவனை யறைபுனன் முடியார்ந்த<br>
வெங்கண் மால்வரைக் கரியுரித் துகந்தவன் விற்குடி வீரட்டம்<br>
தங்கை யால்தொழு தேத்தவல் லாரவர் தவமல்கு குணத்தாரே.}}

==Festival and religious practices==
[[File:Thiruvirkudi (10).jpg|250px|thumb|Outer view of the temple]]
The temple priests perform the ''[[puja (Hinduism)|pooja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. Like other Shiva temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Shaivism|Shaivaite]] community, a Brahmin sub-caste. The temple rituals are performed four times a day; Kalasanthi at 7:00 a.m., Uchikalam at 10:00 a.m., Sayarakshai at 6:00 p.m. and Ardha Jamam at 8:30 p.m. Each ritual comprises four steps: ''abhisheka'' (sacred bath), ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''neivethanam'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for both Veerateeswarar and Elavar Kuzhali. The worship is held amidst music with ''[[nagaswaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''[[tavil]]'' (percussion instrument), religious instructions in the [[Vedas]] read by priests and prostration by worshippers in front of the temple mast. There are weekly rituals like ''{{lang|te-Latn|somavaram}}'' and ''{{lang|te-Latn|sukravaram}}'', fortnightly rituals like ''[[pradosha]]m'' and monthly festivals like ''[[amavasya|amavasai]]'' (new moon day), ''kiruthigai'', ''[[pournami (festival)|pournami]]'' (full moon day) and ''sathurthi''. There is a temple procession during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of Margazhi (December- January) Thiruvadhirai festival. Masimagam during (February - March) followed by 10-day Brahmostavam are the major festivals in the temple.<ref name="dinamalar">{{cite web|title=Sri Veerateeswarar temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=482|publisher=Dinamalar|access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Mayiladuthurai district]]
[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam]]
[[Category:Ashta Veeratta Stalam]]

Veerateeswarar Temple, Thiruvirkudi - Revision history

Leonpcs: added a place