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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Veenai Dhanammal
| image = Veena_Dhanammal_1.jpg
| caption = Veenai Dhanammal, circa mid-1930s
| image_size = 300px
| background = non_vocal_instrumentalist
| birth_name =
| alias =
| birth_place =Georgetown, Chennai
| birth_date = 1867
| death_date =
| instrument = [[Veena]]i
| genre = [[Carnatic classical music|Indian classical music]]
| occupation = [[Veena|Veenai player]]
| years_active = 1880–1938

| label =
| associated_acts =
| website =
}}
'''Veenai Dhanammal''' ({{lang-ta|வீணை தனம்மாள்}}) (1867–1938) was a highly accomplished [[Carnatic music]]ian, and the torchbearer of the school of Carnatic music that goes by her name. She was both a [[vocalist]] and a performer on the [[Saraswati veena]]. The prefix "Veenai" in her name is an indicator of her exceptional mastery of that instrument.
[[File:DhanammalFamily.jpg|thumb|right|Veenai Dhanammal (left) with her daughter T. Lakshmirathnam and grandson, circa 1910–15.]]

==Early life and background==
Dhanammal was born in George Town, Madras (now [[Chennai]]), into a family of professional musicians and dancers. Her grandmother Kamakshi was a reputed dancer, and her mother was a vocalist who trained under [[Subbaraya Sastri]], the son of [[Syama Sastri]] of the [[Carnatic music]] composer trinity.

In addition to training by her family members, Dhanammal also learned from Walajapet Balakrishna Das ("Padam Baladas"), a blind musician who was a repository of the ''padams'' of [[Kshetrayya]], and Satanur Pancanatha Iyer.

==Career==
"Regarding the veenai as an instrument complete and perfect in itself, she played it without plectrum, and often accompanied by her own singing. Her music is documented in a set of historical recordings. Her personal style, known as the ''Veenai Dhanammal bani'', is still regarded as a yardstick in terms of adherence to traditional values and profoundity of music expression. Musicians, critics and composers attended her private recitals in Chennai. Her continuing impact is ascribed to the scope of her repertoire, knowledge and refinement. Many songs by leading composers like Narasimhacarlu, Mutialpet Ponnusvami, [[Tiruvottriyur Tyagayyar]], and especially [[Dharmapuri Subbarayar]] were composed for, or inspired by, Dhanammal. These compositions, mainly ''javali'' and ''padam'', have been preserved, taught, and published by her grandchildren, T. Sankaran, dancer [[T. Balasaraswati]], [[T.Muktha|T. Muktha]], [[T. Brinda]], and [[T. Viswanathan]]."<ref name="pesch">Pesch, Ludwig. ''The Illustrated Guide to South Indian Classical Music,'' New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1999, p. 264.</ref>

A commemorative postage stamp on her was issued on 03-December-2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiapost.gov.in/Stamps2010.aspx|title=Stamps - 2010|publisher=Department of Posts, Government of India|access-date=2 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814101038/http://www.indiapost.gov.in/Stamps2010.aspx|archive-date=14 August 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
*SubbaRao, T. V. Studies in Indian Music, Asia Publishing House, London, 1962.
*Ayyangar, R. R. History of South Indian (Carnatic) Music, Published by the author, Madras, 1972.
*Pesch, Ludwig. ''The Illustrated Guide to South Indian Classical Music,'' New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1999.

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhanammal, Veenai}}
[[Category:Female Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:Carnatic singers]]
[[Category:Saraswati veena players]]
[[Category:1867 births]]
[[Category:1938 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian musicians]]
[[Category:Female Carnatic musicians]]
[[Category:Carnatic musicians]]
[[Category:Musicians from Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian female classical singers]]
[[Category:Indian women classical musicians]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian musicians]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian women musicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women musicians]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Tamil Nadu]]

{{India-musician-stub}}

Veenai Dhanammal - Revision history

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