Vedic period - Revision history

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	{{refn\|group=note\|name="Mitanni confirm"\|{{harvnb\|Witzel\|2019\|p=[https://archive.org/details/which-of-us-are-aryans-by-romila-thapar-michael-witzel-jaya-menon-kai-friese-razib-khan/page/11/mode/2up 11]}}: "Incidentally, the Indo-Aryan loanwords in Mitanni confirm the date of the ''Rig Veda'' for ca. 1200–1000 BCE. The ''Rig Veda'' is a late Bronze age text, thus from before 1000 BCE. However, the Mitanni words have a form of Indo-Aryan that is slightly older than that ... Clearly the ''Rig Veda'' cannot be older than ca. 1400, and taking into account a period needed for linguistic change, it may not be much older than ca. 1200 BCE."}}		{{refn\|group=note\|name="Mitanni confirm"\|{{harvnb\|Witzel\|2019\|p=[https://archive.org/details/which-of-us-are-aryans-by-romila-thapar-michael-witzel-jaya-menon-kai-friese-razib-khan/page/11/mode/2up 11]}}: "Incidentally, the Indo-Aryan loanwords in Mitanni confirm the date of the ''Rig Veda'' for ca. 1200–1000 BCE. The ''Rig Veda'' is a late Bronze age text, thus from before 1000 BCE. However, the Mitanni words have a form of Indo-Aryan that is slightly older than that ... Clearly the ''Rig Veda'' cannot be older than ca. 1400, and taking into account a period needed for linguistic change, it may not be much older than ca. 1200 BCE."}}
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	{{refn\|group=note\|name="McClish_Olivelle2012"\|{{harvnb\|McClish\|Olivelle\|2012\|p=xxiv}}: "Although the Vedas are essentially liturgical documents and increasingly mystical reflections on Vedic ritual, they are sufficiently rich and extensive to give us some understanding of what life was like at the time. The earliest of the Vedas, the ''Ṛgveda Saṃhitā'', contains 1,028 hymns, some of which may be as old as 1500 BCE. Because the Vedic texts are the primary way in which we can understand the period between the fall of the IVC (ca 1700) and the second wave of urbanization (600 BCE), we call the intervening era of South Asian history the 'Vedic Period.'"}}		{{refn\|group=note\|name="McClish_Olivelle2012"\|{{harvnb\|McClish\|Olivelle\|2012\|p=xxiv}}: "Although the Vedas are essentially liturgical documents and increasingly mystical reflections on Vedic ritual, they are sufficiently rich and extensive to give us some understanding of what life was like at the time. The earliest of the Vedas, the ''Ṛgveda Saṃhitā'', contains 1,028 hymns, some of which may be as old as 1500 BCE. Because the Vedic texts are the primary way in which we can understand the period between the fall of the IVC (ca 1700) and the second wave of urbanization (600 BCE), we call the intervening era of South Asian history the 'Vedic Period.{{'"}}}}
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	It gets its name from the ''[[Vedas]]'', which are religious texts. They do contain some details of life during this period.<ref name=mcclish-olivelle-xxiv>{{citation\|last1=McClish\|first1=Mark\|last2=Olivelle\|first2=Patrick\|editor1=M. McClish\|editor2=P. Olivelle\|title=The Arthasastra: selections from the classic Indian work on statecraft \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lBb91WNaed8C&pg=PR24\|year=2012\|publisher=Hackett Publishing\|isbn=1-60384-903-3\|page=xxiv\|chapter=Introduction}}: "Although the Vedas are essentially liturgical documents and increasingly mystical reflections on Vedic ritual, they are sufficiently rich and extensive to give us some understanding of what life was like at the time. The earliest of the Vedas, the ''Ṛgveda Saṃhitā'', contains 1,028 hymns, some of which may be as old as 1500 BC. Because the Vedic texts are the primary way in which we can understand the period between the fall of the IVC (ca 1700) and the second wave of urbanization (600 BC), we call the intervening era of South Asian history the 'Vedic Period.'"</ref> They are the main sources for understanding this period.		It gets its name from the ''[[Vedas]]'', which are religious texts. They do contain some details of life during this period.<ref name=mcclish-olivelle-xxiv>{{citation\|last1=McClish\|first1=Mark\|last2=Olivelle\|first2=Patrick\|editor1=M. McClish\|editor2=P. Olivelle\|title=The Arthasastra: selections from the classic Indian work on statecraft \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lBb91WNaed8C&pg=PR24\|year=2012\|publisher=Hackett Publishing\|isbn=1-60384-903-3\|page=xxiv\|chapter=Introduction}}: "Although the Vedas are essentially liturgical documents and increasingly mystical reflections on Vedic ritual, they are sufficiently rich and extensive to give us some understanding of what life was like at the time. The earliest of the Vedas, the ''Ṛgveda Saṃhitā'', contains 1,028 hymns, some of which may be as old as 1500 BC. Because the Vedic texts are the primary way in which we can understand the period between the fall of the IVC (ca 1700) and the second wave of urbanization (600 BC), we call the intervening era of South Asian history the 'Vedic Period.'"</ref> They are the main sources for understanding this period.

	The ''Vedas'' were composed and orally transmitted by speakers of an Old [[Indo-Aryan]] language. They had [[migration \|migrated]] into the northwestern regions of the [[Indian subcontinent]] early in this period. The associated Vedic culture was tribal and [[pastoralism\|pastoral]] until c. 1200 or 1100 BC, and centred in the [[Punjab]].		The ''Vedas'' were composed and orally transmitted by speakers of an Old [[Indo-Aryan]] language. They had [[migration\|migrated]] into the northwestern regions of the [[Indian subcontinent]] early in this period. The associated Vedic culture was tribal and [[pastoralism\|pastoral]] until c. 1200 or 1100 BC, and centred in the [[Punjab]].

	The society then spread eastward to the [[Ganges Plain]], becoming more agricultural and settled. The Vedic period saw the emergence of [[social class]]es, and developed into kingdoms known as the Janapada.<ref>Witzel, Michael 1995. Early Sanskritization: origins and development of the Kuru state. ''Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies'', '''1''' (4): 1–26.</ref><ref>Samuel, Geoffrey 2010. ''The origins of yoga and tantra: Indic religions to the thirteenth century. Cambridge University Press.</ref> Archaeological cultures show phases of Vedic culture such as the [[Ochre]] Coloured Pottery culture, the Gandhara Grave culture, the Black and red ware culture and the Painted Grey Ware culture.<ref>Witzel, Michael 1989. Tracing the Vedic dialects. In ''Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes'' ed. Caillat C. Paris, p97–265.</ref>		The society then spread eastward to the [[Ganges Plain]], becoming more agricultural and settled. The Vedic period saw the emergence of [[social class]]es, and developed into kingdoms known as the Janapada.<ref>Witzel, Michael 1995. Early Sanskritization: origins and development of the Kuru state. ''Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies'', '''1''' (4): 1–26.</ref><ref>Samuel, Geoffrey 2010. ''The origins of yoga and tantra: Indic religions to the thirteenth century. Cambridge University Press.</ref> Archaeological cultures show phases of Vedic culture such as the [[Ochre]] Coloured Pottery culture, the Gandhara Grave culture, the Black and red ware culture and the Painted Grey Ware culture.<ref>Witzel, Michael 1989. Tracing the Vedic dialects. In ''Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes'' ed. Caillat C. Paris, p97–265.</ref>
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[[File:Early Vedic Culture (1700-1100 BCE).png|thumb|300px|Early Vedic culture]]
[[File:Late Vedic Culture (1100-500 BCE).png|thumb|300px|Late Vedic culture]]

The '''Vedic period''' (Vedic age) c. 1500 – c. 600 [[BC]] is a period in the [[History of India|history of the Indian subcontinent]] between the end of the [[Indus Valley Civilization]], and about {{circa|1200}} BC.

It gets its name from the ''[[Vedas]]'', which are religious texts. They do contain some details of life during this period.<ref name=mcclish-olivelle-xxiv>{{citation|last1=McClish|first1=Mark|last2=Olivelle|first2=Patrick|editor1=M. McClish|editor2=P. Olivelle|title=The Arthasastra: selections from the classic Indian work on statecraft |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lBb91WNaed8C&pg=PR24|year=2012|publisher=Hackett Publishing|isbn=1-60384-903-3|page=xxiv|chapter=Introduction}}: "Although the Vedas are essentially liturgical documents and increasingly mystical reflections on Vedic ritual, they are sufficiently rich and extensive to give us some understanding of what life was like at the time. The earliest of the Vedas, the ''Ṛgveda Saṃhitā'', contains 1,028 hymns, some of which may be as old as 1500 BC. Because the Vedic texts are the primary way in which we can understand the period between the fall of the IVC (ca 1700) and the second wave of urbanization (600 BC), we call the intervening era of South Asian history the 'Vedic Period.'"</ref> They are the main sources for understanding this period.

The ''Vedas'' were composed and orally transmitted by speakers of an Old [[Indo-Aryan]] language. They had [[migration |migrated]] into the northwestern regions of the [[Indian subcontinent]] early in this period. The associated Vedic culture was tribal and [[pastoralism|pastoral]] until c. 1200 or 1100 BC, and centred in the [[Punjab]].

The society then spread eastward to the [[Ganges Plain]], becoming more agricultural and settled. The Vedic period saw the emergence of [[social class]]es, and developed into kingdoms known as the Janapada.<ref>Witzel, Michael 1995. Early Sanskritization: origins and development of the Kuru state. ''Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies'', '''1''' (4): 1–26.</ref><ref>Samuel, Geoffrey 2010. ''The origins of yoga and tantra: Indic religions to the thirteenth century. Cambridge University Press.</ref> Archaeological cultures show phases of Vedic culture such as the [[Ochre]] Coloured Pottery culture, the Gandhara Grave culture, the Black and red ware culture and the Painted Grey Ware culture.<ref>Witzel, Michael 1989. Tracing the Vedic dialects. In ''Dialectes dans les litteratures Indo-Aryennes'' ed. Caillat C. Paris, p97–265.</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:History of India]]