Vedantasara (of Sadananda) - Revision history

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basic enhanced structure based on references and improved wording

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			{{Short description\|15th century text by Sadananda}}
	{{italic title}}		{{italic title}}
	{{Advaita}}		{{Advaita}}
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	==Authorship==		==Authorship==
	Its author, [[Sadananda (of Vedantasara)\|Sadananda]] Yogendra Saraswati, was the son of Anantadeva Apadeva, and probably lived in mid-15th Century A.D. He also wrote ''Vedantasiddhanta-sarasangraha'', ''Bhavaprakasa'' on ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]'' and ''Brahmasutra-tatpryaprakasa''.		Its author, [[Sadananda (of Vedantasara)\|Sadananda]] Yogendra Saraswati, was the son of Anantadeva Apadeva, and probably lived in the mid-15th Century A.D. He also wrote ''Vedantasiddhanta-sarasangraha'', ''Bhavaprakasa'' on ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]'' and ''Brahmasutra-tatpryaprakasa''.

	Sadananda, the author of ''Advaitabrahmasiddhi'', published by Asiatic Society of Bengal, is a different author.		Sadananda, the author of ''Advaitabrahmasiddhi'', published by Asiatic Society of Bengal, is a different author.

	==Themes==		==Themes==
	The ''Vedantasara'' is based on ''[[Gaudapada]]’s Karika'', [[Upadesasahasri]] of [[Adi Shankara]], ''[[Panchadasi]]'' of [[Vidyaranya]] who died in 1386 A.D., and the ''Naishkarmayasiddhi'' of [[Suresvara]].<ref group=web>{{cite web\|title=Preceptors of Advaita: Sadananda\|author=T.P.Ramachandran\|url=~~http~~://www.kamakoti.org/kamakoti/articles/Preceptors%20of%20Advaita%20-%2033.html}}</ref>		The ''Vedantasara'' is based on ''[[Gaudapada]]’s Karika'', [[Upadesasahasri]] of [[Adi Shankara]], ''[[Panchadasi]]'' of [[Vidyaranya]] who died in 1386 A.D., and the ''Naishkarmayasiddhi'' of [[Suresvara]].<ref group=web>{{cite web\|title=Preceptors of Advaita: Sadananda\|author=T.P.Ramachandran\|url=https://www.kamakoti.org/kamakoti/articles/Preceptors%20of%20Advaita%20-%2033.html}}</ref>

	The ''Vedantasara'' presents [[Sutram\|Sutratman]] (text) as [[Viraj]],{{sfn\|Boetzelaer\|1971\|p=81}} the prime means to reach knowledge of ''Atman'' and ''Brahman''. Only the liberated Self-knower realizes [[Brahman]].{{sfn\|Fort\|1998\|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=UcQOutKqsQoC&q=Vedantasara+of+Sadananda&pg=PA71 71]}}		The ''Vedantasara'' presents [[Sutram\|Sutratman]] (text) as [[Viraj]],{{sfn\|Boetzelaer\|1971\|p=81}} the prime means to reach knowledge of ''Atman'' and ''Brahman''. Only the liberated Self-knower realizes [[Brahman]].{{sfn\|Fort\|1998\|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=UcQOutKqsQoC&q=Vedantasara+of+Sadananda&pg=PA71 71]}}
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	* {{Citation \| last =Fort \| first =Andrew O. \| year =1998 \| title =Jivanmukti in Transformation: Embodied Liberation in Advaita and Neo-Vedanta \| publisher =Suny Press \|isbn=9780791439036 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UcQOutKqsQoC}}		* {{Citation \| last =Fort \| first =Andrew O. \| year =1998 \| title =Jivanmukti in Transformation: Embodied Liberation in Advaita and Neo-Vedanta \| publisher =Suny Press \|isbn=9780791439036 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UcQOutKqsQoC}}
	* {{Citation \| last =Kapoor \| first =Subodh \| year =2002 \| title =Encyclopaedia of Vedanta Philosophy \| publisher =Genesis Publishing}}		* {{Citation \| last =Kapoor \| first =Subodh \| year =2002 \| title =Encyclopaedia of Vedanta Philosophy \| publisher =Genesis Publishing}}
	* {{Citation \| last =Nikhilananda \| first =Swami \| year =1931 \| title =Vedantasara of Sadananda \| publisher =Advaita Ashrama \| url =~~http~~://www.estudantedavedanta.net/Vedantasara-Nikhilananda.pdf}}		* {{Citation \| last =Nikhilananda \| first =Swami \| year =1931 \| title =Vedantasara of Sadananda \| publisher =Advaita Ashrama \| url =https://www.estudantedavedanta.net/Vedantasara-Nikhilananda.pdf}}
	* {{Citation \| last =Nikhilananda \| first =Swami \| year =1990 \| title =Vedantasara of Sadananda \| publisher =Advaita Ashrama}}		* {{Citation \| last =Nikhilananda \| first =Swami \| year =1990 \| title =Vedantasara of Sadananda \| publisher =Advaita Ashrama}}
	{{refend}}		{{refend}}
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	==Further reading==		==Further reading==
	* {{Citation \| last =Ballantyne \| first =J.R. \| year =1898 \| title =The Vedantasara \| publisher =The Christian literature Society for India \| url =http://www.hinduonline.co/DigitalLibrary/SmallBooks/vedantasaraSanEng.pdf}}		* {{Citation \| last =Ballantyne \| first =J.R. \| year =1898 \| title =The Vedantasara \| publisher =The Christian literature Society for India \| url =http://www.hinduonline.co/DigitalLibrary/SmallBooks/vedantasaraSanEng.pdf \| access-date =2015-05-24 \| archive-date =2022-06-16 \| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20220616050641/http://www.hinduonline.co/DigitalLibrary/SmallBooks/vedantasaraSanEng.pdf \| url-status =dead }}
	* {{Citation \| last =Sundararama Aiyar \| year =1911 \| title =Vedantasara of Sadananda. With the commentary "Balabodhini" of Apadeva and a Critical English Introduction \| publisher =Sri Vani Vilas Press \| url =https://archive.org/stream/vedantasaraofsad00sada#page/n5/mode/2up}}		* {{Citation \| last =Sundararama Aiyar \| year =1911 \| title =Vedantasara of Sadananda. With the commentary "Balabodhini" of Apadeva and a Critical English Introduction \| publisher =Sri Vani Vilas Press \| url =https://archive.org/stream/vedantasaraofsad00sada#page/n5/mode/2up}}
	* {{Citation \| last =Jacob \| first =G.A. \| year =1934 \|title = The Vedantasara of Sadananda, together with the commentaries of Nrisimhasarasvati and Ramatirtha \| publisher =Pandurang Jawaji \| url =https://archive.org/stream/The.Vedantasara.of.Sadananda.With.Commentaries.of.Nrisimhasarasvati.and.Ramatir/The.Vedantasara.of.Sadananda.With.Commentaries#page/n0/mode/2up}}		* {{Citation \| last =Jacob \| first =G.A. \| year =1934 \|title = The Vedantasara of Sadananda, together with the commentaries of Nrisimhasarasvati and Ramatirtha \| publisher =Pandurang Jawaji \| url =https://archive.org/stream/The.Vedantasara.of.Sadananda.With.Commentaries.of.Nrisimhasarasvati.and.Ramatir/The.Vedantasara.of.Sadananda.With.Commentaries#page/n0/mode/2up}}

	==External links==		==External links==
	* [~~http~~://www.swamij.com/Vedantasara-Sadananda.htm ''Vedantasara'' (translated by Swami Nikhilananda)]		* [https://www.swamij.com/Vedantasara-Sadananda.htm ''Vedantasara'' (translated by Swami Nikhilananda)]

	[[Category:Hindu texts]]		[[Category:Hindu texts]]
	[[Category:Sanskrit ~~texts~~]]		[[Category:15th-century Sanskrit literature]]
	[[Category:Advaita Vedanta]]		[[Category:Advaita Vedanta]]
	[[Category:Advaita Vedanta texts]]		[[Category:Advaita Vedanta texts]]

ImportMaster: robot: Add missing article in Category:Mahabharata

2021-12-14T07:23:40Z

robot: Add missing article in Category:Mahabharata

New page

{{italic title}}
{{Advaita}}
{{Hinduism}}
'''''Vedantasara''''', ''Essence of Vedanta'', is a 15th-century [[Advaita vedanta]] text{{sfn|Nikhilananda|1931}} written by [[Sadananda (of Vedantasara)|Sadananda]] Yogendra Saraswati.

==Authorship==
Its author, [[Sadananda (of Vedantasara)|Sadananda]] Yogendra Saraswati, was the son of Anantadeva Apadeva, and probably lived in mid-15th Century A.D. He also wrote ''Vedantasiddhanta-sarasangraha'', ''Bhavaprakasa'' on ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]'' and ''Brahmasutra-tatpryaprakasa''.

Sadananda, the author of ''Advaitabrahmasiddhi'', published by Asiatic Society of Bengal, is a different author.

==Themes==
The ''Vedantasara'' is based on ''[[Gaudapada]]’s Karika'', [[Upadesasahasri]] of [[Adi Shankara]], ''[[Panchadasi]]'' of [[Vidyaranya]] who died in 1386 A.D., and the ''Naishkarmayasiddhi'' of [[Suresvara]].<ref group=web>{{cite web|title=Preceptors of Advaita: Sadananda|author=T.P.Ramachandran|url=http://www.kamakoti.org/kamakoti/articles/Preceptors%20of%20Advaita%20-%2033.html}}</ref>

The ''Vedantasara'' presents [[Sutram|Sutratman]] (text) as [[Viraj]],{{sfn|Boetzelaer|1971|p=81}} the prime means to reach knowledge of ''Atman'' and ''Brahman''. Only the liberated Self-knower realizes [[Brahman]].{{sfn|Fort|1998|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=UcQOutKqsQoC&q=Vedantasara+of+Sadananda&pg=PA71 71]}}

Just like the ''[[Dṛg-Dṛśya-Viveka]]'' the ''Vedantasara'' adds [[samadhi]] to the triad of [[Shravana (hearing)|sravana]] ('hearing'), [[Manana (reflection)|manana]] ('reflection') and [[nididhyasana]] ('repeated meditation').{{sfn|Kapoor|2002|p=1267}}

==Contents==
The ''Vedantasara'' is divided into six chapters and contains 227 verses.{{sfn|Nikhilananda|1990}}

*Chapter I has thirty-one verses dealing with the preliminaries that begin with an Introductory Prayer and immediately thereafter takes up for discussion the Subject-matter of Vedanta, the Qualifications for the study of Vedanta and the Necessity of a [[Guru]]. Advayānanda was the Guru of Sadānanda. Vedanta is the evidence of the [[Upanishads]], the [[Brahma Sutras]] and the various commentaries on these texts and the [[Bhagavad Gita]]. The ''Nitya'' (daily), ''Naimittika'' (occasional) and ''Prayscitta'' (purifying) works purify the mind, ''Upasanas'' are not [[karma]]s, the former lead to the ''Pitruloka'' and the latter, to the ''Satyaloka''.
*Chapter II has ninety verses dealing with [[Adhyasa]], i.e. Superimposition, which is the superimposition of the unreal on the real due to ignorance, its individual and collective aspects, the nature of [[Turiya]], the experience of pure [[consciousness]], the extensions of Ignorance, the nature of the Subtle Bodies, the nature of the Gross Bodies and the Limit of Superimposition. Sadananda explains why the characteristic of ignorance is its very unintelligibleness, that it is without support and contradictory to all reasoning.
*Chapter III has fifteen verses and takes up for discussion the [[Jiva]] and Superimposition with a view to establishment of the true nature of the Self ([[Brahman]]), and in that context discusses the views of the [[Carvaka]]s, of the [[Buddhism|Buddhists]], of the [[Mīmāṃsā|Mimamsakas]] and the [[Śūnyatā|Sunyavadins]], the followers of [[Nāgārjuna]]. The Self is too subtle for ordinary understanding, the views of other differing schools gradually train the mind to dwell on finer and finer aspects of the Self.
*Chapter IV has forty-four verses dealing exclusively with De-superimposition, going back into the Final Cause, the meaning of "Thou art That" (''[[Tat Tvam Asi]]'') and "I am Brahman" (''[[Aham Brahman Asmi]]''). Truth does not become known till it is made to reveal itself. Sadananda explains that because it is impossible to conceive the same word as indicating a part of its own meaning as well as the meaning of another word, and when the meaning is directly expressed by the other word it does not require the application of ''[[Lakshana]]'' to the first word to indicate it.
*Chapter V has thirty-five verses and prescribes the Steps to Self-Realization, lays emphasis on the Study of Vedantic texts, explains Reflection and Meditation, [[Samadhi]] and its nature and varieties, Samadhi and Sleep, The Eightfold Practice and the Obstacles to Samadhi and their Removal.
*Chapter VI has twelve verses which deal with the [[Jivanmukta]] (liberated being), the Characteristics of the Jivanmukta and the Attainment of [[Kaivalya]] or Absoluteness.

==Commentaries==
The earliest commentaries on Vedantasara of Sadananda, that incorporates pre-Sankara, Sankara and post-Sankara teachings, are ''Subodhini'' written in 1588 A.D. by Nrisimhasaraswati of Varanasi, ''Balabodhini'' by Apadeva, the renowned authority on [[Purva Mimamsa]], and ''Vidvanmanoranjani'' by Ramatirtha.

==See also==
*[[Aikyam]]
*[[Anubandha chatushtaya]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==

===Printed sources===
{{refbegin}}
* {{Citation | last =Boetzelaer | first = Johan Maurits van | year =1971 | title =Sureŝvara's Taittiriyopaniŝadbhaŝyavartikam | publisher = Brill Archive}}
* {{Citation | last =Fort | first =Andrew O. | year =1998 | title =Jivanmukti in Transformation: Embodied Liberation in Advaita and Neo-Vedanta | publisher =Suny Press |isbn=9780791439036 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UcQOutKqsQoC}}
* {{Citation | last =Kapoor | first =Subodh | year =2002 | title =Encyclopaedia of Vedanta Philosophy | publisher =Genesis Publishing}}
* {{Citation | last =Nikhilananda | first =Swami | year =1931 | title =Vedantasara of Sadananda | publisher =Advaita Ashrama | url =http://www.estudantedavedanta.net/Vedantasara-Nikhilananda.pdf}}
* {{Citation | last =Nikhilananda | first =Swami | year =1990 | title =Vedantasara of Sadananda | publisher =Advaita Ashrama}}
{{refend}}

===Web-sources===
{{reflist|group=web}}

==Further reading==
* {{Citation | last =Ballantyne | first =J.R. | year =1898 | title =The Vedantasara | publisher =The Christian literature Society for India | url =http://www.hinduonline.co/DigitalLibrary/SmallBooks/vedantasaraSanEng.pdf}}
* {{Citation | last =Sundararama Aiyar | year =1911 | title =Vedantasara of Sadananda. With the commentary "Balabodhini" of Apadeva and a Critical English Introduction | publisher =Sri Vani Vilas Press | url =https://archive.org/stream/vedantasaraofsad00sada#page/n5/mode/2up}}
* {{Citation | last =Jacob | first =G.A. | year =1934 |title = The Vedantasara of Sadananda, together with the commentaries of Nrisimhasarasvati and Ramatirtha | publisher =Pandurang Jawaji | url =https://archive.org/stream/The.Vedantasara.of.Sadananda.With.Commentaries.of.Nrisimhasarasvati.and.Ramatir/The.Vedantasara.of.Sadananda.With.Commentaries#page/n0/mode/2up}}

==External links==
* [http://www.swamij.com/Vedantasara-Sadananda.htm ''Vedantasara'' (translated by Swami Nikhilananda)]

[[Category:Hindu texts]]
[[Category:Sanskrit texts]]
[[Category:Advaita Vedanta]]
[[Category:Advaita Vedanta texts]]