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2021-11-20T21:39:35Z

The Legend

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{{Short description|Shiva temple in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Vazhappally Maha Siva Temple
| native_name = തിരുവാഴപ്പള്ളി മഹാശിവക്ഷേത്രം
| image = vazhappallytemple.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Eastern entrance of Vazhappally temple
| map_type = India Kerala
| map_caption = Location within Kerala
| coordinates = {{coord|9|27|21.852|N|76|31|35.8824|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| proper_name =
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Kerala]]
| district = [[Kottayam District|Kottayam]]
| location = [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Vazhappally+Sree+Mahadeva+Temple/@9.4563289,76.5254164,391m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m13!1m7!3m6!1s0x3b06261f69fa85cd:0x9cdd64ff318cd3ba!2sVazhappally,+Changanassery,+Kerala,+India!3b1!8m2!3d9.4565191!4d76.527146!3m4!1s0x3b06261f449b1ca5:0x7ec49eab26e22d1a!8m2!3d9.4562451!4d76.5263012 Vazhappally], [[Changanassery]]
| elevation_m =
| deity =
*[[Shiva]]
*[[Parvati]]
*[[Ganesha]]
| festivals =
*Painkuni Festival
*[[Mudiyett|Mudiyeduppu]]
*[[Shivaratri|Shiva Ratri]]
| architecture = [[Kerala Architecture]]
| temple_quantity = 2
| monument_quantity =
| inscriptions = [[Vazhappally copper plate]]
| year_completed = Rebuilt in AD 820
| creator = Rebuilt by [[Cheraman Perumal (Nayanar)]]
| website =
}}

'''Vazhappally Maha Siva Temple''' ({{lang-ml|വാഴപ്പള്ളി മഹാശിവക്ഷേത്രം}}) is a [[Hinduism|Hindu temple]] located in [[Vazhappally]] near [[Changanassery]] in [[Kottayam district]] in the Indian state of [[Kerala]]. The temple is administered by the [[Devaswom boards in Kerala|Travancore Devaswom Board]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2018/apr/30/travancore-devaswom-board-goes-in-for-modernisation-of-temple-prasadam-production-1808054.html|title = Travancore Devaswom Board goes in for modernisation of temple prasadam production}}</ref> The temple is believed to be constructed by the first [[Chera dynasty|Chera]] king of [[Kodungallur]]. The legends suggest that the installation of the idol of god [[Shiva|Mahadeva (Shiva)]] was performed by [[Parashurama|Parasurama]] himself.<ref>Book Title: The Collected Aithihyamaala - The Garland of legends from Kerala Volume 1-3, Author: Kottarathil Sankunni Translated by Leela James, {{ISBN|978-93-5009-968-1}}; Publisher: Hachette Book Publishing india Pvt Ltd, 4/5 floor, Corporate Centre, Plot No.:94, Sector 44, Gurgaon, India 122003; (First published in Bhashaposhini Literary Magazine in 1855~1937)</ref><ref>Book Title: Kerala District Gazetteers: Palghat; Gazetteer of India Volume 6 of Kerala District Gazetteers, Kerala (India) Authors Kerala (India), C. K. Kareem Publisher printed by the Superintendent of Govt. Presses, 1976 Original from the University of Michigan Digitized 2 Sep 2008 Subjects History › Asia › India & South Asia History / Asia / India & South Asia Kerala (India)</ref> This temple is one among the [[List of 108 Siva Temples|108 Shiva temples]] established by Parasurama.<ref name=":2">Book Title: Cultural Heritage of Kerala; Author Name: A. Sreedhara Menon; Publisher Name: D.C. Books, 2008; {{ISBN|8126419032}}, 9788126419036; Length 312 pages</ref> It is one of the few temples in Kerala where two nalambalams and two flag-masts are dedicated.<ref name=":2" /> The temple, a Grama Kshetra, also contains some seventeenth century wood carvings (daru silpas) depicting figurines from epics. A Vattezhuttu inscription on the northern part of the base of the cultural shrine indicates that the repairs were completed in [[Kollam era|Kollam Era]] 840 (1665 AD).

== The Legend ==
In the time of [[Pallibana perumal]], it was decided to convert the Neelamperoor Shiva Temple into a Buddhist monastery.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Kottarathil
| first = Sankunni
| author-link =
| title = Aithihyamala (Malayalam)
| publisher = DC Books
| series = 1
| volume =
| edition = Issue No. 1
| location = Kottayam, Kerala, India
| date = 2018
| page = 20
| isbn = 9780195698893
}}</ref> It is believed that the ten Brahmin families (later known as Pattiyillam Pottimar) came to Vazhappally by shaking the Shiva Linga of the temple of Neelamperoor and then merged with the existing shiva temple in Vazhappally. The Shiva lingam brought from Neelamperoor was first placed in the Devalokam at north part of Vazhappally gramam.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Biju
| first = Mathew
| author-link = Prasanth Kumar V.T, Biju Mathew
| title = Pilgrimage to Temple Heritage
| publisher = Info Kerala Communications Pvt. Ltd.
| series = 1
| volume =
| edition = Issue No. 10
| location = Kacheripady, Kochi, India
| date = Sep 2017
| page = 155
| isbn = 978-81-934567-0-5
}}</ref> Later, when they tried to shake the Shiva Linga but was unable to do so, Parasurama appeared to the grieving Brahmin family and offered him the Shiva Linga he had worshiped and advised him to build the temple on the Ardhanariswara concept. He built a huge shrine for the Shiva Linga and the Parvati idol.

The sanctum sanctorum was built inside the three walls of the rounded stone granite shrine to the east of the Shiva Linga and to the west the Parvathi idol. Dakshinamoorthy and Ganapathi were placed inside the sanctum sanctorum as a vision south. In the south-eastern corner of the Nambalam, there was a large Tidapalli built. Raja built the subshrine temple for Sastha at the Kannimoola outside the Nambalam temple. He was promoted to the position of temple tantric rites to the Taranalloor series and the Tulu Brahmin family of Kasaragod for priests for daily pooja. The main priest was appointed as an umbrella and provided accommodation in the Kuthasanthi Math.

== History ==
[[File:കൊടിമരം.JPG|thumb|left|150px|Flag-mast of the Vazhappally Temple]]
The temple was very popular in the second Chera dynasty. After the fall of the Cheras, the place came under several rulers, the Thekkumkur and Travancore kings were prominent, witnessed many brutal wars, treachery, murder and annihilation. However, in all these cases, the temple was saved from destruction by the will of God and the prayers of the devotees. The legend behind this concept is that [[Chera dynasty|Chera king]] Palli Bana Perumal, when de-throwned by the Bhattas (learned Brahmins) following a defeat in argument, traveled to Neelamperoor. The news came to the ears of the [[Potti|Potti Leaders]] of the Pathu Illams (Chengazhi Muttam, Kainikkara, Eravi Mangalam, Kunnithidasserry, Athrasserry, Kolencherry, Kizhangazhuthu, Kannancherry, Thalavana etc.), that the king is going to install his own personal idol at Neelamperoor. The Potti Leaders of the Pathu Illams thus managed to run with the idol of Neelamperoor Shiva and install it at Vazhappally.

=== Ten Illoms ===
The temple administration belonged to ten Brahmin families (ten illoms). These ten Brahmin families came from Neelamperoor village later settled in Vazhappally. Their temple administration lasted until the end of the 17th century. These are the ten Brahmin families are "Changazhimuttom, Kainikkara, Iravimangalom, Kunnithidasseri, Athrsseri, Kolancheri, Kizhangezhuthu, Kizhakkumbhagom, Kannancheri, Thalavana". The famous Copper scripts (Vazhappally Inscription) was recovered from one of this mattu "Thalavana Mutt". The main rituals in the Vazhappally temple were conducted by the monks of the Changazhimutttom Mutt.<ref>Bibliographic information
QR code for Journal of the Epigraphical Society of India
Title Journal of the Epigraphical Society of India, Volume 24
Contributor Epigraphical Society of India
Publisher The Society, 1998
Original from the University of Michigan
Digitized 8 May 2008</ref>

=== Cheraman Perumal ===
[[File:Cheraman Perumal.png|right|thumb|100px|Cheraman Perumal]]
Rajasekhara Varman (820-844 AD) was the second emperor of the Kulasekhara series. His story is recounted in the Chekkizhar Periyapuranam. It is believed that during his tenure, the steps were taken to renovate the Vazhappally temple. Rajasekhara Varma is said to have been the contemporary of Adi Shankaracharya, as he is mentioned in the Adi Shankaracharya and Shankaracharya victory of Madhavacharya. The oldest inscription received from Kerala is the Vazhappally inscription by Rajasekhara Varman (Cheraman Perumal) of Chera dynasty.<ref>Narayan, M. G. S. (1988). The Perumalas of Kerala: Political and Social
Conditions of Kerala under the Chera Perumals of Makotai, University of
Calicut. pp. 76, 77, 88-89.</ref>

=== Raja Chempakassery ===
[[File:ചെമ്പകശ്ശേരി രാജാവിന്റെ ശില്പം.JPG|150px|thumb|left|Raja of Chempakassery]]
In ancient times, the temple had 54,000 para paddy fields (Punja nilam). The soldiers of the Chembakassery Raja killed a Unni of the Changazhimuttam madom family at Venattukara in Kuttanad, who had gone there to gauge the "Pata Nelu" of Devaswom. The Brahmins of temple urazhma installed a brahma rakshas in the temple to satisfy the Brahma rakshas of Changazhimattum Unni. Additionally a hanging tree was erected in front of the Rakshas shrine and the statue of Raja of Chembakassery was hanged. But later, these forms were removed in the late 19th century. Chempakassery Raja offered pujas to the temple as a sign of repentance for killing Unni. Raja appointed the members of the Thiruvenkathapuram Warrior as the heirs of "Panthiradi Choru".

==Vazhappally copper plate==
[[File:Vazhappally copper plate (9th century AD).jpg|thumb|300px|right|Vazhapalli copper plate (c. 830 CE) - single plate with writing on both sides.]]
[[Vazhappally copper plate]], dated to early 9th century AD, is the earliest available inscription in [[Malayalam language]]. It is a temple committee resolution in the presence of the [[Chera dynasty|Chera]] king of [[Kodungallur]] [[Rajashekhara (Chera king)|Rama "Rajasekhara]]" (9th century AD<ref name=":222">Noburu Karashmia (ed.), ''A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations.'' New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014. 143.</ref>)'''<ref name=":02">Veluthat, Kesavan. "The Temple and the State in Medieval South India." ''Studies in People’s History'', vol. 4, no. 1, June 2017, pp. 15–23.</ref><ref name=":1">Narayanan, M. G. S. ''Perumāḷs of Kerala.'' Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 64-66, 88-95, 107.</ref>''' Rajasekhara is usually identified by scholars with Cheraman Perumal Nayanar''',''' the venerated [[Shaivism|Shaiva]] ([[Nayanars|Nayanar]]) poet-musician.<ref name=":02"/><ref name=":222"/><ref>Title Journal of the Epigraphical Society of India, Volume 24 Contributor Epigraphical Society of India Publisher The Society, 1998 Original from the University of Michigan Digitized 8 May 2008</ref><ref>Book Title: The Dravidian Languages; Author/Edited by: Sanford B. Steever; Publisher: Routledge, 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE; British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data; {{ISBN|0-415-10023-2}} First published 1998</ref><ref>Mathew, Alex - ''[http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/7061 Political identities in History]'' (2006) Unpublished Doctoral Thesis (M. G. University)</ref>

The inscription (incomplete) is engraved in an old form of [[Malayalam]] in Vattezhuthu and Grantha scripts.<ref>Book Title: EARLY TAMIL EPIGRAPHY, Volume 62 Early Tamil Epigraphy Volume 62 of Harvard oriental series Editor Iravatham Mahadevan Edition illustrated Publisher Cre-A, 2003 Original from the University of Michigan Digitized 17 May 2008 {{ISBN|0674012275}}, 9780674012271 Length 719 pages</ref> It was inscribed in copper sheet and is an agreement between administrators of Vazhappally temple 18 citizens of a place and also describe the punishment if the temple rituals do not follow for Thiruvattuvai temple (Thiru Vazhappally Temple). This proclamation was understandably for strengthening the stature and status of Vazhappally and Vazhappally Siva temple

== Temple Gallery ==
<gallery caption="Vazhappally Maha Siva Temple" widths="100px" heights="120px" perrow="6">
File:കൊടിമരം.JPG|Flagmast
File:Morning Sribali at Vazhappally.jpg|Morning Sreebali
File:വാഴപ്പള്ളിക്ഷേത്രത്തിലെ ദ്വാരപാലകർ.jpg|Dwarapalaka
File:Bhima + Bros, Ma.jpg|Mahabharata Storey
File:Vazhappally_dhakshinamoorthi.JPG|Sreekovil-South
File:പ്രദോഷംഎഴുന്നള്ളത്ത്.jpg|Night Sreebali
File:Vazhappally_Temple_Views_(1).jpg|
File:Vazhappally_Temple_Views_(2).jpg|
File:Vazhappally_Temple_Views_(3).jpg|
File:Vazhappally_Temple_Views_(4).jpg|
File:Vazhappally_Temple_Views_(5).jpg|
File:Vazhappally_Temple_Views_(6).jpg|
</gallery>

== References ==
<references/>

{{commons category|Vazhappally Temple}}

[[Category:108 Shiva Temples]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Kerala]]
[[Category:Ganesha temples]]
[[Category:Devi temples in Kerala]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Kottayam district]]
[[Category:Vazhappally]]
[[Category:History of Changanassery]]

Vazhappally Maha Siva Temple - Revision history

->Sct72: /* The Legend */