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{{Short description|tanishka Tanaji mane}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = Father Of Indian Armed Rebellion
| name = Vasudev Balwant Phadke
| image = Vaseodev Balwant bust.jpg
| caption = Bust of Phadke in Mumbai
| other_names =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1845|11|4|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Shirdhon|Shirdhon village]], [[Panvel]] [[taluka]], [[Raigad district]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1883|02|17|1845|11|4|df=y}}
| death_place =
| occupation = Revolutionary and [[List of Indian independence activists|Indian independence activist]]
| title =
}}
'''Vasudev Balwant Phadke''' (4 November 1845 – 17 February 1883) also known as the ‘Father Of Indian Armed Rebellion’ was an [[List of Indian independence activists|Indian independence activist]] and revolutionary who sought India's independence from [[British Raj|colonial rule]]. Phadke was moved by the plight of the farming community and believed that [[Swaraj]] was the only remedy for their ills. With the help of the [[Koli people|Koli]], [[Bhil]], [[Mahar]], [[Mang (caste)|Mang]], [[Ramoshi]] and [[Dhangar]] communities in the region, he formed a revolutionary group of the [[Ramoshi]] people. The group started an armed struggle to overthrow the colonial government, launching raids on wealthy European businessmen to obtain funds for the purpose. Phadke came to prominence when he got control of the city of [[Pune]] for a few days after catching [[British Indian Army|colonial soldiers]] off-guard during a surprise attack.{{Citation needed|reason=Your explanation here|date=December 2017}}

==Early years==
[[File:Vasudev Balwant Phadke house at Shirdhon village.jpg|thumb|Vasudev Balwant Phadke house at Shirdhon village]]
Phadke was born on 4 November 1845 in [[Shirdhon]] village of [[Panvel]] [[taluka]], now in [[Raigad district]], [[Maharashtra]].{{citation needed|date=September 2019}} As a child, he preferred learning skills like wrestling, riding over high school education and dropped out of school.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} Eventually he moved to Pune and took the job as a clerk with military accounts department in Pune{{citation needed|date=September 2019}} for 15 years. [[Lahuji Raghoji salve|Krantiveer Lahuji Vastad Salve]] a then prominent social figure based in Pune was his mentor. Salve, an expert wrestler, operated a TALIM (training center for wrestling). Salve preached the importance of independence from colonial rule. Salve belonged to the [[Mang (caste)|Mang]] community, an untouchable community, taught Phadke the importance of getting backward castes into mainstream independence movement.<ref>{{cite book | last=O'Hanlon|first=Rosalind|title=Caste, Conflict and Ideology:: Mahatma Jotirao Phule and low caste protest in nineteenth-century western India| url=https://archive.org/details/casteconflictide00ohan| url-access=limited|page=[https://archive.org/details/casteconflictide00ohan/page/n123 110]|isbn=0-521-52308-7 | year=2002 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | location=Cambridge}}</ref> It was during this period that Phadke began attending lectures by [[Mahadeo Govind Ranade]] which mainly focused on how the economic policies of the colonial government hurt the Indian economy. Phadke was deeply hurt by how this was leading to widespread ill-effects in the society. In 1870, he joined a public agitation in Pune that was aimed at addressing people's grievances. Phadke founded an institution, the Aikya Vardhini Sabha, to educate the youth. While working as clerk, he was not able to see his dying mother due to the delay in approval of his leave. This incident enraged Phadke and was to be the turning point in his life.<ref>{{cite book|author=Khan, Mohammad Shabbir |page=3|title=Tilak and Gokhale: a comparative study of their socio-politico-economic programmes of reconstruction|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ulVuAAAAMAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Ashish Pub. House|isbn=9788170244783}}</ref>

===Co-founding of Maharashtra Education Society===

Phadke was one of the earliest persons to graduate from a British-established institution in Bombay presidency.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vasudev Balwant Phadke was one of the earliest graduates from the Bombay University in 1862. |url=https://therealgems.com/vasudev-balwant-phadke-history/| date= 25 January 2020|location=Indore(M.P.), India}}</ref> In 1860, along with fellow social reformers and revolutionaries Laxman Narhar Indapurkar and Waman Prabhakar Bhave, Phadke co-founded the Poona Native Institution (PNI) which was later renamed as the [[Maharashtra Education Society]] (MES). Through the PNI, he went on set up Bhave School in Pune. Today, the MES runs over 77 institutions in various parts of Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite news|title=Celebrations as MES turns 150|url=http://dnasyndication.com/dna/article/DNPUN20764|access-date=17 August 2012|work=DNS|date=18 November 2009}}</ref>

==Rebellion==
In 1875, after the then [[Gaekwad]] ruler of [[Vadodara|Baroda]] was deposed by the [[British Raj|colonial government]], Phadke launched protest speeches against the government. Severe famine coupled with the apathy of the colonial administration propelled him to tour the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] region, urging people to strive for an independent Indian republic. Unable to get support from the educated classes, he gathered a band of people from the Ramoshi caste. People from the Kolis, Bhils and Dhangars were also included later. He taught himself to shoot, ride and fence. He organised around 300 men into an insurgent group that aimed at gaining Indian independence from colonial rule. Phadke intended to build an army of own but lacking funds they decided to break into government treasuries. The first raid was done in a village called Dhamari in [[Shirur (Maharashtra)|Shirur]] taluka in Pune district. The income tax which was collected and sent to the colonial government was kept in the house of local business man Balchand Fojmal Sankla. They attacked the house and took the money for the benefit of famine stricken villagers. There they collected about four hundred rupees but this led to his being branded as a [[dacoit]]. To save himself Phadke had to flee from village to village, sheltered by his sympathisers and well-wishers, mostly the lower class of the society. Impressed by his zeal and determination, the villagers of Nanagaum offered him protection and cover in the local forest. The general plot would be to cut off all the communications of British forces and then raid the treasury. The main purpose of these raids was to feed famine-affected farmer communities. Phadke performed many such raids in areas near Shirur and [[Rajgurunagar (Khed)|Khed]] talukas in Pune.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}}

Meanwhile, the leader of Ramoshi, Daulatrav Naik, who was the main supporter of Phadke, headed towards the Konkan area on the western coast. On 10–11 May 1879, they raided Palaspe and Chikhali, looting around 1.5 lakh rupees. While returning towards Ghat Matha, Major Daniel attacked Naik, who was shot dead. His death was a setback to Phadke's revolt: the loss of support forced him to move south to the Shri Shaila Mallikarjun shrine. Later, Phadke recruited about 500 Rohilas to begin a fresh fight.

==Capture and death==
Phadke's plans to organise several simultaneous attacks against the colonial government nationwide were met with very limited success. He once had a direct engagement with the [[British Indian Army|colonial army]] in the village of [[Ghanur]], whereafter the government offered a bounty for his capture. Not to be outdone, Phadke in turned offered a bounty for the capture of the [[Governor of Bombay]], announced a reward for the killing of each European, and issued other threats to the government. He then fled to [[Hyderabad State]] to recruit [[Rohilla]] and [[Arab]]s into his organisation. A British Major, Henry William Daniell and Abdul Haque, Police Commissioner to the Nizam of Hyderabad, pursued the fleeing Phadke day and night. The British move to offer a bounty for his capture met with success: someone betrayed Phadke, and he was captured in a temple after a fierce fight at the district of [[Kaladgi]] on 20 July 1879 while he was on his way to [[Pandharpur]].{{citation needed|date=September 2019}}

From here he was taken to Pune for trial. [[Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi]], also known as Sarvajanik Kaka, defended his case.<ref>
{{cite journal
| last = Rao
| first = Parimala V.
| title = New Insights into the Debates on Rural Indebtedness in 19th Century Deccan
| journal = Economic & Political Weekly
| date = 24 January 2009
| url = http://environmentportal.in/files/New%20Insights%20into%20the%20Debates.pdf
| access-date = 11 August 2014}}
</ref>
Phadke and his comrades were housed in the district session court jail building, near Sangam bridge, which now happens to be the state C.I.D. building. His own diary provided evidence to have him sentenced for life. Phadke was transported to jail at [[Aden]], but escaped from the prison by taking the door off from its hinges on 13 February 1883. He was soon recaptured and then went on a hunger strike, dying on 17 February 1883.<ref>{{cite book|author=Rigopoulos, Antonio |page=167|title=Dattatreya: The Immortal Guru, Yogin, and Avatara: A Study of the Transformative and Inclusive Character of a Multi-faceted Hindu Deity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZM-BlvaqAf0C|date=2 April 1998|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-3696-7}}</ref>

==Recognition==
[[File:Vasudev Balwant Phadke 1984 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Phadke on a 1984 stamp of India]]
Phadke became known as the father of the Indian armed rebellion in that he provided the inspiration for fellow members of the independent movement. [[Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay]]'s patriotic novel ''[[Anand Math]]'' incorporated various contemporary acts performed by Phadke during his activities. As the colonial government did not like this, Bankim had to print up to five editions of the book to tone down these stories.<ref>{{cite book| last=Das| first=Sisir| title=A History of Indian Literature|page=213|isbn=81-7201-006-0| year=1991| publisher=Sahitya Akademi| location=New Delhi}}</ref>

In 1984, the [[Indian Postal Service]] issued a 50 paise stamp in honour of Phadke.<ref>[http://www.indianpost.com/viewstamp.php/Alpha/V/VASUDEO%20BALWANT%20PHADKE Vasudeo Balwant Phadke]. Indianpost.com (21 February 1984). Retrieved on 2018-12-11.</ref> A [[:wikt:chowk|chowk]] in [[South Mumbai]] near [[Metro BIG Cinemas|Metro Cinema]] is named in his honour.

''Vasudev Balwant Phadke'', a Marathi movie directed by [[Gajendra Ahire]], was released in December 2007.

==See also==
*[[Deccan Riots]]
*[[Krishna Sable]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Phadke, Vasudev Balwant}}
[[Category:1845 births]]
[[Category:1883 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:People who died on hunger strike]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of British India]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Indian independence armed struggle activists]]
[[Category:Brahmin Indian independence activists]]

Vasudev Balwant Phadke - Revision history

>Orenburg1: Rvt to good version