Vasireddy Venkatadri Nayudu - Revision history

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	Meanwhile, the power balance in South India was in a flux. The five coastal districts that came to be known as [[Northern Circars]] became the key ground for Anglo-French rivalry. The fourth Nizam, [[Salabat Jang]], ceded control over them to the [[French East India Company]] in return for their help in his accession. The French control however ended with the British conquest of [[Masulipatnam]] in 1759. The [[British East India Company]] received the grant of the Circars from the Mughal emperor [[Shah Alam II]] in 1765, confirmed by the Nizam in [[Treaty of Masulipatam\|1768]]. The Guntur district, excluded in the initial grant, was also ceded in 1788. The British were now the overlords of the Vasireddy family.<ref>{{cite EB1911\|wstitle=Circar \|volume=6 \|page=380}}</ref>		Meanwhile, the power balance in South India was in a flux. The five coastal districts that came to be known as [[Northern Circars]] became the key ground for Anglo-French rivalry. The fourth Nizam, [[Salabat Jang]], ceded control over them to the [[French East India Company]] in return for their help in his accession. The French control however ended with the British conquest of [[Masulipatnam]] in 1759. The [[British East India Company]] received the grant of the Circars from the Mughal emperor [[Shah Alam II]] in 1765, confirmed by the Nizam in [[Treaty of Masulipatam\|1768]]. The Guntur district, excluded in the initial grant, was also ceded in 1788. The British were now the overlords of the Vasireddy family.<ref>{{cite EB1911\|wstitle=Circar \|volume=6 \|page=380}}</ref>

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	File:Photographs at Venkatadri Naidu Fort Amaravathi.jpg\|Photographs at Venkatadri Naidu Fort Amaravathi		File:Photographs at Venkatadri Naidu Fort Amaravathi.jpg\|Photographs at Venkatadri Naidu Fort Amaravathi

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	{{Infobox noble		{{Infobox noble
	\|name= Vasireddy Venkatadri Naidu		\|name= Vasireddy Venkatadri Naidu
	\|title= [[Raja]] of [[Amaravathi (village), Andhra Pradesh\|Amaravathi]]		\|title= [[Raja]] of [[Amaravathi (village), Andhra Pradesh\|Amaravathi]]
	\|birth_date = 1761		\|birth_date = {{birth date\|1761\|04\|27\|df=y}}
	\|death_date = ~~1816~~		\|death_date ={{death date and age\|1817\|08\|17\|1761\|04\|27\|df=y}}
	\|predecessor = Vasireddy Jagga Bhupathi		\|predecessor = Vasireddy Jagga Bhupathi
	\|successor = Vasireddy Jagannatha Babu		\|successor = Vasireddy Jagannatha Babu
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	\|caption=Venkatadri Naidu Statue at Fort in Amaravathi		\|caption=Venkatadri Naidu Statue at Fort in Amaravathi
	\|reign= 1783–1816		\|reign= 1783–1816
			\|nationality = {{flag\|India}}
			\|birth_place = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
	}}		}}

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{{short description|Raja of Amaravathi}}
{{pp-move-dispute|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox noble
|name= Vasireddy Venkatadri Naidu
|title= [[Raja]] of [[Amaravathi (village), Andhra Pradesh|Amaravathi]]
|birth_date = 1761
|death_date = 1816
|predecessor = Vasireddy Jagga Bhupathi
|successor = Vasireddy Jagannatha Babu
|image=Venkatadri Naidu Statue at Fort in Amaravathi.jpg
|caption=Venkatadri Naidu Statue at Fort in Amaravathi
|reign= 1783–1816
}}

'''Vasireddy Venkatadri Nayudu''' ({{reign|1783|1816}}) was a hereditary [[zamindar]] of Chintapalli, later [[Amaravathi (village), Andhra Pradesh|Amaravathi]], in the [[Guntur district]] of India, under the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] and the British [[East India Company]]. He had under his control 552 villages and towns located in Guntur and [[Krishna district|Krishna]] districts and their environs.{{sfn|Frykenberg, Elite Groups in a South Indian District|2011|pp=269–270}} Peeved by the perceived mistreatment by the East India Company, he abandoned his hereditary palace at Chintapalli and built a new palace and town at Amaravathi, the site of the ancient [[Satavahana dynasty|Satavahana]] capital. In the process of its construction, his workers unearthed the famous [[Amaravati Stupa]] as well as causing considerable damage to it.{{sfn|Ramaswami, Indian Monuments|1971|pp=115–116}}

==Family==
The Vasireddy zamindari family might have been founded by Vasireddy Verappanaidu, who obtained appointment as a [[Deshmukh]] of the [[Nandigama]] ''pargana'' in 1670 under the [[Golkonda Sultanate]]. Shortly afterwards, Golkonda became part of the [[Mughal Empire]], but his estate was apparently continued. After his death, the estate got divided among his three sons, Ramanna, Jagganna and Venkatadrinaidu, with Jagganna receiving the estate of Chintapalli in the Guntur district ({{coord|16.6898|N|80.1397|E}}).<ref name="census 1961">{{citation |author=Office of the Registrar General |title=Census of India, 1961: Andra Pradesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yt4cAQAAMAAJ |year=1962 |publisher=Manager of Publications, Government of India |pages=xix–xx}}</ref>

Vasireddy Venkatadri Nayudu was born on 27 April 1761 to Jagganna (Jagga Bhupathi) and his wife Acchamamba.<ref name="census 1961"/> According to journalist Potturi Venkateswara Rao, Jagganna fought against the Nizam and died when Venkatadri Naidu was at very small age. After the death of Jagga Bhupathi his wife Acchamamba committed [[Sati (practice)|Sati]].<ref>Potturi Venkateswara Rao, ''Amaravati Prabhuvu Vasireddy Venkatadri Nayudu'', Emesco Books, 2016</ref>

Venkatadri Nayudu, then four year old, was brought up by his uncle Ramanna. After the death of Ramanna, it would appear that Nayudu inherited the estates of both his father and his uncle.<ref name="census 1961"/><ref>{{harvnb|Ramaswami, Indian Monuments|1971|pp=115–116}}: "From his uncle, who died in 1778, Venkatadri inherited vast wealth and the great influence that goes with it."</ref>

[[File:French India 1741-1754.png|thumb|right|200px|French influence in South India 1741–1754]]
[[File:India 1763 EN.svg|thumb|right|200px|British influence in India, 1763]]
Meanwhile, the power balance in South India was in a flux. The five coastal districts that came to be known as [[Northern Circars]] became the key ground for Anglo-French rivalry. The fourth Nizam, [[Salabat Jang]], ceded control over them to the [[French East India Company]] in return for their help in his accession. The French control however ended with the British conquest of [[Masulipatnam]] in 1759. The [[British East India Company]] received the grant of the Circars from the Mughal emperor [[Shah Alam II]] in 1765, confirmed by the Nizam in [[Treaty of Masulipatam|1768]]. The Guntur district, excluded in the initial grant, was also ceded in 1788. The British were now the overlords of the Vasireddy family.<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Circar |volume=6 |page=380}}</ref>

==Rule==
Vasireddy Venkatadri Naidu was crowned Zamindar in the year 1783, when the Guntur district was under the control of Nizam with British assistance. He ruled until 1816.{{cn|date=April 2020}} The original seat of power was Chintapalli in the present-day [[Guntur district]]. Later Naidu shifted his capital to [[Dharanikota]] across the [[Krishna river]] in [[Guntur district]], before constructing a new capital at neighbouring [[Amaravathi village, Guntur district|Amaravathi]].<ref name="founder">{{cite news |title=This Raja knows how to hold the fort – Times of India |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/This-Raja-knows-how-to-hold-the-fort/articleshow/54510567.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref> He was a patron of the arts and literature, and a builder of numerous temples in the Krishna river delta. He renovated the ancient temples at Amaravathi, [[Chebrolu, Guntur district|Chebrolu]], [[Mangalagiri]], and [[Ponnur]]u.{{cn|date=May 2018}}

Venkatadri successfully eliminated Pindaris who were robbing the people in [[Guntur]] region.<ref>The Journal of Asian Studies, Association for Asian Studies, 1965, Vol. 24, No. 1, p. 296, {{ISSN|0067-7159}}</ref> During his reign, Chenchus (forest tribe) were raiding villages around [[Amaravathi village, Guntur district|Amaravathi]]. Venkatadri invited about 600 of the Chenchu men to a luncheon and ordered them to be killed. The villages where this incident took place is today called Narukulapadu ('Naruku' in [[Telugu language]] means 'to axe' or 'to chop'). After this incident the Rajah became repentant and came to Amaravathi and devoted his entire life, time and revenues to building temples to Lord Siva. He renovated the Amareswaraswamy temple here, got nine learned archakas to be brought for the daily archana of the Lord, and provided them with all the needs of livelihood, including {{convert|12|acre|m2}} of land to each. The temple as it stands now owes much to him.{{cn|date=May 2018}}

Venkatadri was assisted by a very able minister and poet [[Mulugu Papayaradhya]]. There were several poets and scholars in the court of Venkatadri.<ref>Life and History of Venkatadri: http://www.openlibrary.org/details/rajavasireddyven022548mbp Sri Raja Vasireddy Venkadadri Nayudu by K. Lakshminarayana 1963, Ponnuru</ref>

==Gallery of fort in Amaravathi==
<gallery>
File:Venkatadri Naidu Fort Amaravathi.jpg|Venkatadri Naidu Fort Amaravathi
File:Venkatadri Naidu Fort Amaravathi, View from Entrance.jpg|Venkatadri Naidu Fort Amaravathi, View from Entrance

File:Stag Structure at Venkatadri Naidu Fort Amaravathi.jpg|Stag Structure at Venkatadri Naidu Fort Amaravathi

File:Photographs at Venkatadri Naidu Fort Amaravathi.jpg|Photographs at Venkatadri Naidu Fort Amaravathi

</gallery>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation |last1=Frykenberg |first1=Robert Eric |title=Elite Groups in a South Indian District: 1788–1858 |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=24 |issue=2 |year=2011 |pages=261–281 |doi=10.2307/2050565 |jstor=2050565 |ref={{sfnref|Frykenberg, Elite Groups in a South Indian District|2011}}}}
* {{cite book |last=Ramaswami |first=N. S. |title=Indian Monuments |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TAZc4KLSYjIC&pg=PA114 |year=1971 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-0-89684-091-1 |ref={{sfnref|Ramaswami, Indian Monuments|1971}}}}

==Further reading==
* [https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2016-08-23/Demand-rises-for-opening-royal-castles-in-Andhra/249985 Demand rises for opening royal castles in Andhra], Hans India, 23 August 2016.
* {{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/glowing-tributes-paid-to-vasireddy-venkatadri-nayudu/article26975082.ece |title=Glowing tributes paid to Vasireddy Venkatadri Nayudu |date=29 April 2019 |publisher= |via=www.thehindu.com}}
* Raja Vasireddy Venkatadri Naidu'', by Kodali Lakshmi Narayana{{full citation|date=July 2019}}

{{commons category|Vasireddy Venkatadri Nayudu}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vasireddy, Venkatadri Nayudu}}
[[Category:People from Guntur district]]
[[Category:Telugu monarchs]]
[[Category:People from Krishna district]]
[[Category:1761 births]]

[[Category:1816 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian monarchs]]