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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Vasai–Virar
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = mr
| settlement_type = City Part of [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]]
| image_skyline = JivDani,Virar - panoramio (32).jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|19.47|N|72.8|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagicon|IND}} [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Palghar district|Palghar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body = [[Vasai-Virar Municipal Corporation]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name='VVCMC'>{{cite web|title=VVCMC|url=https://vvcmc.in/vvmc/?page_id=27&lang=en}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 311
| area_metro_km2 = 380
| area_metro_footnotes = <ref name='VVCMC'/>
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 11
| population_total = 1,221,233
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref>http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = Naigaon (West) - 401201, 401202, 401207

Naigaon (East) - 401208

Vasai Road (West) - 401201, 401202

Vasai Road (East) - 401209

Nallasopara (West) - 401203

Nallasopara (East) - 401209

Virar (West) - 401303

Virar (East) - 401305, 401309
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0250-XXX XXXX
| registration_plate = MH-48
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 880 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Vasai-Virar''' is an agglomeration of four previously governed municipal councils i.e. [[Vasai]], [[Virar]], [[Nallasopara]], and [[Navghar-Manikpur]] and a few villages on the west as well as the east of the congested city area. It lies in the [[Konkan division]] of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].

The twin city of Vasai-Virar is a part of the [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]] (MMR). According to the 2011 census, it is the 5th largest [[city]] in Maharashtra.<ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|title=Census India 2011 Cities above 1 lac population|publisher=Census India|access-date=2011-10-17}}</ref> Within a close proximity to Mumbai, it is located in [[Palghar district|Palghar]] District, & lies north of [[Vasai Creek]] and south of the [[Vaitarna|Vaitarna River]]. Vasai-Virar is bordered by [[Mira-Bhayandar]] and [[Thane]] on its south and southeast, [[Bhiwandi-Nizampur Municipal Corporation|Bhiwandi-Nizampur]] on its east and Palghar rural district on its north.

Vasai-Virar has several train stations. On the western line, it has [[Naigaon]], [[Vasai Road]], [[Nallasopara]], [[Virar]] and [[Vaitarna]] train stations, where as on the central line it has [[Juchandra]] and [[Kaman Road]] stations.

== History ==
{{Main|Vasai}}

Vasai-Virar, formerly Bassein or Vasai, is a city ([[municipal corporation]]) in western [[Maharashtra|Maharashtra state]], western India. It lies on the [[Arabian Sea]] coast north of [[Mumbai|Mumbai (Bombay).]]<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Vasai-Virar {{!}} India|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Vasai-Virar|access-date=2020-10-07|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> Vasai town was part of the territory of the [[Hindus|Hindu Devagiri Yadavas]] until 1317, and it later became a seaport for the [[Gujarat]] Muslim kings.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-26|title=Vasai History – A Glimpse of Its Past and The Present - Travel India Destinations|url=https://www.travelindiadestinations.com/vasai-history-past-present/|access-date=2020-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726202819/https://www.travelindiadestinations.com/vasai-history-past-present/|archive-date=26 July 2018}}</ref> In 1526 the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] established a fort (now in ruins) and trading station at Vasai, and the town became famous for its shipbuilding industry.<ref name="History of Vasai {{!}} Vasaiker">{{Cite web|date=2017-12-30|title=History of Vasai {{!}} Vasaiker|url=http://www.vasaiker.com/index.php/history-of-vasai/|access-date=2020-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230183312/http://www.vasaiker.com/index.php/history-of-vasai/|archive-date=30 December 2017}}</ref>

The Portuguese, with their naval power and their crusading valor, were unquestioned masters of the [[Indian Ocean]]. When the Portuguese arrived, Vasai was under the rule of [[Bahadur Shah Zafar|Bahadur Shah]], the Sultan of [[Gujarat]].<ref name="History of Vasai {{!}} Vasaiker"/>

On 23 December 1534, the Sultan of [[Gujarat]], signed a treaty with the Portuguese and ceded Vasai with its dependencies of [[Salsette Island|Salsette]], [[Mumbai|Mombaim]] (Bombay), [[Parel]], [[Vadala Road railway station|Vadala]], Siao (Sion), [[Worli|Vorli (Worli)]] (Worli fort photo), [[Mazagaon|Mazagao (Mazgao)]], [[Thane]], [[Bandra]], [[Mahim]], Caranja ([[Uran]]).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-12-30|title=History of Vasai {{!}} Vasaiker|url=http://www.vasaiker.com/index.php/history-of-vasai/|access-date=2020-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230183312/http://www.vasaiker.com/index.php/history-of-vasai/|archive-date=30 December 2017}}</ref>

=== Vasai-Virar ===
In 2009, the town was joined administratively with neighboring Virar (north) and several dozen other surrounding communities to form the Vasai-Virar twin city, and it immediately became one of the most-populous urban areas in the state.<ref name=":4" /> The city has long been a large-scale fishing centre and a wholesale exporter of agricultural produce. Traditional industries include silk and cotton hand-loom weaving and salt manufacture. There has been a rise in construction and in technology-related activities (e.g., software development).<ref name=":4" />

== Climate ==
Vasai-Virar has a [[tropical wet and dry climate]] ([[Köppen-Geiger climate classification system|Köppen]]: Aw). This moderate climate consists of high rainfall days and very few days of extreme temperatures. 80% of total rainfall occurs between June and October. Annual rainfall averages at {{convert|2000|-|2500|mm|in|abbr=on}} and humidity is 61—86%, making it a humid-prehumid{{clarify|date=December 2013}} zone. The driest days are in winter, while the wettest days occur in July. In recent times, the area has become more flood prone due to rapid urbanization. The flooding, at times, cuts off the area from surrounding regions. Flooding has also affected transport, agriculture and industrial activities in the past.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mahale|first=Ajeet|date=2019-12-06|title=Urbanisation made Vasai-Virar more vulnerable to floods: study|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/urbanisation-made-vasai-virar-more-vulnerable-to-floods-study/article30199877.ece|access-date=2020-08-05|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

{{Weather box
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Vasai-Virar
| temperature colour = pastel
| Jan high C = 28.5
| Feb high C = 29
| Mar high C = 31
| Apr high C = 32.5
| May high C = 33.2
| Jun high C = 32
| Jul high C = 29.7
| Aug high C = 29.5
| Sep high C = 29.8
| Oct high C = 32.1
| Nov high C = 32
| Dec high C = 30.3
| Jan mean C = 23.2
| Feb mean C = 23.7
| Mar mean C = 26.3
| Apr mean C = 28.3
| May mean C = 29.8
| Jun mean C = 29
| Jul mean C = 27.4
| Aug mean C = 27.1
| Sep mean C = 27
| Oct mean C = 27.8
| Nov mean C = 26.6
| Dec mean C = 24.6
| Jan low C = 17.9
| Feb low C = 18.5
| Mar low C = 21.6
| Apr low C = 24.2
| May low C = 26.5
| Jun low C = 26.1
| Jul low C = 25.1
| Aug low C = 24.7
| Sep low C = 24.3
| Oct low C = 23.6
| Nov low C = 21.2
| Dec low C = 18.9
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 0
| Feb precipitation mm = 1
| Mar precipitation mm = 1
| Apr precipitation mm = 0
| May precipitation mm = 10
| Jun precipitation mm = 486
| Jul precipitation mm = 870
| Aug precipitation mm = 531
| Sep precipitation mm = 350
| Oct precipitation mm = 71
| Nov precipitation mm = 6
| Dec precipitation mm = 1
| source 1 = ''Climate-Data.org'' (altitude: 5m)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/6281/ |title=Climate: Vasai Virar - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table |publisher=Climate-Data.org |access-date=2013-12-14 }}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Vasai-Virar (2011)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/363-vasai-virar.html|title=Vasai-Virar Population 2011|website=Census 2011}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|77.16}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|9.03}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|dodgerblue|8.28}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism]]|blue|2.65}}
{{bar percent|[[Jainism]]|yellow|1.90}}
{{bar percent|Others|black|0.98}}
}}

The population of Vasai-Virar was 1,221,233 at the 2011 census, up from 693,350 in 2001, 365,480 in 1991, and 219,868 in 1981, there exists slums and villages as well as urban zones.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.accessanitation.org/fileadmin/accessanitation/Presentation/Final_conference/8_May_2013/5.1_CitySanPlan_MUN_CORP.pdf|title=Vital Ingredients for Getting Beautifully Written Essays}}</ref> The projected current population according to the Municipal Corporation is 19.85 Lakhs.<ref name=":2"/>

The population of Vasai-Virar city comprises many different religions. Among them, [[Hinduism]] is practiced by 943,165 people which makes up to 78.05% of the total population, which is below the national average of 80.5%.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Census India 2011|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/}}</ref> The table given below shows the total populations of different religions that are practiced along with their percentage.<ref name=":3" />

==Governance and politics==
The Vasai–Virar urban town is governed by [[Vasai-Virar Municipal Corporation]]. The town was formed in 2009 when it was joined administratively with Virar and other surrounding communities.<ref name=":4" /> Vasai-Virar city has been separated from [[Greater Mumbai]] and [[Mira-Bhayandar]] City because of presence of [[Vasai Creek]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Vasai Virar City {{!}} Vasai Virar City Municipal Corporation|url=https://vvcmc.in/vvmc/?page_id=27&lang=en|access-date=2020-09-28|language=en-US}}</ref> VVCMC is declared as ”C” Class Municipal Corporation.<ref name=":2" />

===Civic administration===

[[Vasai-Virar Municipal Corporation]] (VVMC) was formed on 3 July 2010. It is headed by a Municipal commissioner, Shri. Gangatharan D., an [[Indian Administrative Service]] officer.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vasai Virar City Municipal Corporation|url=https://vvcmc.in/vvmc/?page_id=523&lang=en|access-date=2020-09-28|language=en-US}}</ref> He wields the executive power. A quinquennial election is held to elect the governing body, who are responsible for overseeing that their constituencies have the basic civic infrastructure in place, and that there is no lacuna on the part of the authorities.

The position of [[mayor]] is a largely ceremonial post with limited duties but the office-holder heads the party with the largest vote. The current mayor of the city Shri. Narayan Mankar. The total number of electoral wards within the city jurisdiction is a 115.<ref name=":2"/>

=== Civic services ===
''Public Transport:'' The VVMT uses diesel powered buses for its operation. All buses with electronic display board are introduced in the fleet, which have destination with the route number flashing in Marathi as well as English on front of the buses.<ref name="vvcmc.in">{{Cite web|title=Vasai Virar Transport Service {{!}} Vasai Virar City Municipal Corporation|url=https://vvcmc.in/vvmc/?page_id=860&lang=en|access-date=2020-09-28|language=en-US}}</ref> The VVMT bus routes are spread city-wide and also to neighboring cities. The VVMT operates inter-city services to three different areas beyond the municipal limits of Vasai-Virar city, i.e. into the limits of the Municipal Corporations of the cities of Mira-Bhayandar, Thane, and Mumbai.<ref name="vvcmc.in"/>

''Digital Services:'' The VVMC website provides information on grocery shops, ration shops, medical shops, and community kitchen lists.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|title=Medical Shop List {{!}} Vasai Virar City Municipal Corporation|url=https://vvcmc.in/vvmc/?page_id=5124&lang=en|access-date=2020-09-28|language=en-US}}</ref> The website also includes list of eye and blood banks in the city.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> The website also holds minutes of general body meeting since 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title=General Body Meetings {{!}} Vasai Virar City Municipal Corporation|url=https://vvcmc.in/vvmc/?page_id=109&lang=en|access-date=2020-09-28|language=en-US}}</ref>

''Water Supply:'' Laying of water pipeline in the Coastal Regulation Zone III area of Kaman river has been approved for the Surya dam water project. The [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority]] is executing the 403 million litres daily project (MLD) that will bring an additional 54 MLD water supply to the Vasai-Virar region.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Clara Lewis|date=Sep 14, 2017|title=surya: Vasai-Virar to receive additional water from Surya dam {{!}} Bhubaneswar News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/vasai-virar-to-receive-additional-water-from-surya-dam/articleshow/60503594.cms|access-date=2020-09-30|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

''Citizen Engagement:'' A blog known as [https://www.vasaivirar.org/ Vasai Virar Blog] for local information is managed by few citizens and can be used by all.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vasai-Virar Marathon Photos 2019|url=https://www.vasaivirar.org/vasai-virar-marathon-photos-2019/|access-date=2020-09-30|website=Vasai-Virar local information and blogs|language=en-US}}</ref> It provides information on various services provided in the city like ambulance service and their contact numbers, hospital location in the city and the nearest police station.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vasai-Virar Marathon Photos 2019|url=https://www.vasaivirar.org/vasai-virar-marathon-photos-2019/|access-date=2020-09-30|website=Vasai-Virar local information and blogs|language=en-US}}</ref> In addition, information about schools and colleges in the area are also available.

==Transport==
The city is well connected to [[Mumbai]] by Western Railway and through Mumbai-Ahmedabad National Highway. The city is connected to [[Navi Mumbai]], [[Thane]], [[Bhiwandi]], [[Kalyan]] and [[Panvel]] node of [[Navi Mumbai]] city by the Vasai-Diva Railway line. Vasai-Virar city has significant growth potential due to close proximity to city-proper Mumbai.<ref name=":2" />

===Railways===
[[File:Mumbai Train.JPG|thumb|Mumbai Suburban Local Train]]

Vasai-Virar city is connected by the [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]] and [[Central Railway zone|Central Railway]]. The major railway stations on the Western and Central Railway in Vasai–Virar city are:
* [[Virar railway station]] (Western Railway): All Local, MEMU, Shuttle, very few Express trains but all Passenger Trains halt or depart from here.
* [[Nala Sopara railway station]] (Western Railway): All Local & MEMU halt here.
* [[Vasai Road railway station]] (Western/Central Railway): Vasai Road Railway Station is a Junction. All Local, MEMU, Shuttle, Express trains but only which are coming from [[Bhiwandi]] side and all Passenger Trains halt or Depart from here.
* [[Naigaon railway station]] (Western Railway): All Local Trains halt here.
* [[Juchandra railway station]] (Central Railways): All MEMU local halt here.
* [[Kaman Road railway station]] (Central Railway): All MEMU local halt here.

===Road===

[[File:Marcopolo bus by vvmt.jpg|thumbnail|Marcopolo Bus]]
[[File:Mini Bus in VVMT Fleet.jpg|thumbnail|Mini Bus]]

Vasai-Virar City Municipal Corporation started its own transport service on 3 October 2012 in association with Bhagirathi Transport Corporation Pvt Ltd, known as VVMT. It operates a large number of bus lines in the Vasai-Virar city. VVMT also plies its buses in Vasai-Virar villages. It also has operation outside city limits into neighbouring city of [[Mira-Bhayander|Mira-Bhayandar]], [[Thane]], and [[Mumbai]]. VVMT bus ply from Vasai to [[Thane]] & Vasai to [[Mulund]].<ref name=":0">[https://sites.google.com/site/vvmtbusservices/about-us About VVMT Bus Services]</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="border:1px solid black;"
|-
| colspan="3" style="background:silver; text-align:center;"| '''Other Towns & Cities where VVMT Buses connects'''
|-
| valign="top" | Mira-Bhayandar City
|-
| valign="top" | Thane City
|-
| valign="top" | Mumbai City
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="border:1px solid black;"
|-
| colspan="2" style="background:silver; text-align:center;"| '''Information of VVMT Bus Routes & Bus Depot'''
|-
| valign="top" | No of Bus Routes
| valign="top" | 32
|-
| valign="top" | No of Depots
| valign="top" | 1 (Agarwal Nagar, Vasai East) 
2 (Navghar, Vasai East)
|}

'''Operations'''

The VVMT bus routes are spread town-wide and also to neighboring towns and cities. The VVMT operates inter-city services to three different areas beyond the municipal limits of Vasai-Virar Town, i.e. into the limits of the Municipal Corporations of Mira-Bhayandar, Thane, and Mumbai.<ref name=":0"/>

'''Vasai-Virar City''' 
The local bus services of the city, which are operated by VVMC. The internal places of Vasai-Virar city which are far from the Virar, Nala Sopara, Vasai Road, Naigaon Railway Stations are connected by VVMT. The major concentration has always been Vasai-Virar city and with vast growing population in the city.

'''Vasai-Virar Villages''' 
It is not official, but some faraway villages from the [[Virar]], [[Nala Sopara]], and [[Vasai]] are connected by VVMT buses. VVMT services are not so frequent in villages as in the city.

'''Mira-Bhayandar City''' 
Services start from Virar, Nala Sopara and Vasai Road Railway Stations and passes by Bhayandar via Ghodbunder Road. The inter city connection between the Vasai-Virar city (which on the western railway side) and (which is on the central railway side).

'''Thane City''' 
Thane City is connected to Vasai by the VVMT. From Vasai, it starts its services towards Thane. The inter city connection is between Vasai-Virar city (which is on the western railway side) and Thane City / Central Mumbai City (via Thane City) (which is on the central railway side).

'''Mumbai City''' 
[[Brihanmumbai Electricity Supply and Transport]] (BEST) is the largest public transport provider in the Mumbai City & suburbs. VVMT connects the last station in Mumbai's suburb Mulund to the Vasai-Virar. The inter-city connection is between Vasai-Virar Town on the western railway side and Central Mumbai City on the central railway side.

==Sports==

=== Vasai-Virar Mayor's Marathon===

[[File:Sachin at Vasai Virar Marathon.png|thumbnail|Sachin at Vasai-Virar Mayor's Marathon in 2014]]
[[File:Ritesh Deshmukh at Vasai Virar Marathon.jpg|thumbnail|Ritesh Deshmukh at Vasai-Virar Mayor's Marathon]]

[[Vasai-Virar Mayor's Marathon]] is annual marathon race organized in Vasai-Virar area. It began in 2011 and in 2012 became a National Level running event, recognized by the AFI.{{clarify|who?|date=June 2016}} The event sees participation in excess of 15,000 across various categories and offers prize money in excess of Rs 30 lakhs.<ref name=":1">[http://www.vvmcmayorsmarathon.com/about.html About Marathon]</ref>

=== Swimming Pool ===

VVMC has built an Olympic-size Swimming Pool in Vasai & Virar.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Palghar district topics}}
{{Maharashtra}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Vasai-Virar| ]]
[[Category:Metropolitan cities in India]]
[[Category:Cities in Maharashtra]]

Vasai-Virar - Revision history

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