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			{{Short description\|Oldest literary work in the Maithili language}}
	{{Infobox manuscript		{{Infobox manuscript
	\| name = ''Varna Ratnakara''<br />{{lang\|mai\|वर्ण रत्नाकार}}		\| name = ''Varna Ratnakara''<br />{{lang\|mai\|वर्ण रत्नाकार}}

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{{Infobox manuscript
| name = ''Varna Ratnakara''<br />{{lang|mai|वर्ण रत्नाकार}}
| location = [[Asiatic Society of Kolkata]]<ref name="Intro">{{Cite book |last=Jyotiśvara. |title=Varṇa-ratnākara of Jyotiriśvara of Kaviśekharācārya |date=1998 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=81-260-0439-8 |location=New Delhi |pages=ix |oclc=40268712}}</ref>
| image = Varṇa Ratnākara manuscript in the Library of Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal.jpg
| width =
| caption = Varṇa Ratnākara manuscript, Page 77 (b)
| Also known as =
| Type = Encyclopedia<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee, Sujit. |title=A dictionary of Indian literature |date=1998 |publisher=Orient Longman |isbn=81-250-1453-5 |location=Hyderabad |pages=153 |oclc=42718918}}</ref>
| Date = 1324
| Place of origin = Mithila
| Language(s) = [[Maithili language|Maithili]]
| Scribe(s) =
| Author(s) = [[Jyotirishwar Thakur]]
| Compiled by =
| Illuminated by =
| Patron =
| Dedicated to =
| Material = Palm leaf
| Size = 12.7 × 5 cm; 77 leaves; 17 missing<ref name="Intro" />
| Format =
| Condition = preserved
| Script = [[Tirhuta]]
| Contents =
| Illumination(s) =
| Additions =
| Exemplar(s) =
| Previously kept =
| Discovered = Pandit [[Hara Prasad Shastri]] (1885-90) in [[Nepal]]
| Other =
| below =
}}

The '''''Varna Ratnakara''''', {{lang-mai|वर्ण रत्नाकर}}, ([[IAST]]: Varṇa Ratnākara), literally "Ocean of description", is the oldest prose work of [[Maithili language]], written in [[1324]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chatterji |first=Suniti Kumar |title=The People, Language, and Culture of Orissa |date=1966 |publisher=Orissa Sahitya Akademi |pages=19 |language=en}}</ref> [[Common Era|CE]] by the [[Maithil]] scholar, priest and poet [[Jyotirishwar Thakur]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharma |first=R.K. |title=International Sanskrit Conference, New Delhi, March 26th-31st, 1972, Volume 2, Part 1 |journal=The Ministry, 1972 |volume=2 |pages=141}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Choudhary |first=Indra Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jCQaAAAAIAAJ |title=Some Aspects of Social Life of Medieval Mithila, 1350-1750 A.D.: With a Special Reference to Contemporary Literatures |date=1988 |publisher=Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute |pages=187 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukherjee, Ramkrishna |title=Understanding social dynamics in South Asia : Essays in memory of Ramkrishna Mukherjee |date=26 February 2019 |isbn=978-981-13-0387-6 |location=Singapore |pages=205 |oclc=1088722592}}</ref> The author was a part of the court of King [[Harisimhadeva]] ([[Reign|r.]] 1304–1324) of the [[Karnat dynasty]] whose capitals were in both [[Simraungadh]] (now in [[Nepal]]) and [[Darbhanga]] (now in [[Bihar]], [[India]]).<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9fqBAAAAMAAJ&dq=harisimhadeva+mithila&q=harisimhadeva+ | title=Political Thinkers in Mithila | access-date=7 January 2018 | pages=192| last1=Jha | first1=Sureshwar | year=2005 }}</ref>

This work contains descriptions of various subjects and situations. This work provides valuable information about the life and culture of medieval India.<ref name="Majumdar1960">{{cite book |editor1-last=Majumdar |editor1-first=Ramesh Chandra |editor1-link=R. C. Majumdar |editor2-last=Pusalker |editor2-first=A. D. |editor3-last=Majumdar |editor3-first=A. K. |date=1960 |title=The History and Culture of the Indian People |title-link=The History and Culture of the Indian People |volume=VI: The Delhi Sultanate |location=Bombay |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |page=515 |quote="The ''Varṇa Ratnākara'' of Jyotirīśvara Ṭhākura ... was written about 1325. This is a work of set descriptions of various subjects and situations, to supply ready-made ''cliché'' passages to story-tellers ... [it] is important, not only because it gives us specimens of pure Maithilī prose ... but also because it is a store-house of information, conveyed through words, about the life and culture of early Medieval India in all their aspects."}}</ref> The text is divided into seven ''Kallola''s (waves): {{IAST|Nagara Varṇana}}, {{IAST|Nāyikā Varṇana}}, {{IAST|Asthāna Varṇana}}, {{IAST|Ṛtu Varṇana}}, {{IAST|Prayāṇa Varṇana}}, {{IAST|Bhaṭṭādi Varṇana}} and {{IAST|Śmaśāna Varṇana}}. An incomplete list of 84 [[Siddha]]s is found in the text, which consists only 76 names. A manuscript of this text is preserved in the [[Asiatic Society of Kolkata|Asiatic Society]], Kolkata<ref>MS. No. 4834 of Asiatic Society of Bengal</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Shastri |first=Haraprasad Ed |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.315645 |title=Hajar Bachorer Purano Bangla Bhashay Bouddha Gan O Doha |date=1916 |pages=35–36}}</ref>

The word [[Abahattha]] was used for the very first time in this encyclopedic work.<ref name="Intrro">{{Cite book |last=Jyotiśvara. |title=Varṇa-ratnākara of Jyotiriśvara of Kaviśekharācārya |date=1998 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=81-260-0439-8 |location=New Delhi |pages=126 |oclc=40268712}}</ref> Later the Maithili poet [[Vidyapati]] wrote his poem ''Kīrttilatā'' in Abahatta.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jha, Pankaj |title=A political history of literature : Vidyapati and the fifteenth century |year=2019 |isbn=978-0-19-948955-8 |edition=First |location=New Delhi |pages=4–7 |oclc=1083625313}}</ref>

==Author==
{{IAST|Varṇa Ratnākara}} was written by {{IAST|Jyotirīśvara Ṭhākura}}, also spelled [[Jyotirishwar Thakur]]. Thakur was born in a [[Maithil Brahmin|Brahmin]] family. He was son of {{IAST|Rāmeśvara}} and grandson of {{IAST|Dhīreśvara}}. He was the court poet of King Harisimhadeva of Karnata dynasty of Mithila.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Hindu texts]]
[[Category:13th-century books]]
[[Category:Maithili literature]]

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