हिन्दू: info

2025-12-30T20:12:24Z

info

New page

{{Short description|Former dynasty of Kannauj (725–770)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Varman dynasty
| common_name =
| year_start = c. 725
| year_end = c. 770
| leader1 = [[Yashovarman]]
| year_leader1 = c. 725–c. 752
| leader2 = [[Bhoja of Kannauj|Bhoja]]
| year_leader2 = ?–c. 770
| title_leader = [[Maharajadhiraja]]
| image_map = {{Location map+
| South Asia
| overlay_image= Map of the Varmans.png
| width=290 
| float = center
| border =none
| nodiv = 1
| mini = 1
| relief = yes
| places = {{Annotation|text-align=center|230|5|[[700 CE|South-Asia 700 CE]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=10|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|115|185|[[Pallava dynasty|GREATER PALLAVAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|70|34|[[Turk Shahis|TURK SHAHIS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|150|155|[[Eastern Ganga dynasty|KALINGAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|35|47|[[Zunbils|ZUNBILS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|30|15|[[Tokhara Yabghus|TOKHARA YABGHUS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|90|25|[[Patola Shahis|PATOLAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|100|40|[[Karkota dynasty|KARKOTAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|80|60|[[Taank Kingdom|TAANK]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|145|135|[[Kalachuris of Tripuri|KALACHURIS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|75|105|[[Pratiharas of Mandavyapura|PRATIHARAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|60|120|[[Gurjaradesa|GURJARAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|95|150|[[Chalukya dynasty|CHALUKYAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|5|65|[[Umayyad Caliphate|UMAYYAD CALIPHATE]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=8|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|180|45|[[Tibetan Empire|TIBETAN EMPIRE]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=8|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|150|2|[[Tang dynasty|TANG DYNASTY]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=8|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|55|90|[[Brahmin dynasty of Sindh|CHACHAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|262|250|[[Template:South Asia in 600 CE| ◁ ]] [[Template:South Asia in 800 CE| ▷ ]]|text-align=center|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=12|color=#000000}}
|caption={{center|Map of the Varman territory at the time of [[Yashovarman]], circa 700 CE.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=146, map XIV.2 (e)|isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/reference/schwartzberg/query.py?display_type=image_display&object=183#gsc.tab=0}}</ref>}}
}}
| map_width = 300px
| image_map_caption =
| capital = [[Kannauj]]
| government_type = Monarchy
| common_languages =
| p1 = Later Gupta dynasty
| p2 =
| s1 = Ayudha dynasty
| s2 = Pala Empire
| s3 = Pratihara dynasty
| today = [[India]]
| religion = [[Jainism]], [[Hinduism]]
| demonym =
| image_coat = Coinage of Yasovarman.jpg
| coa_size = 300px
| symbol_type = Possible coinage of [[Yashovarman]].<ref name="JC110">{{cite journal|last=Cribb|first=Joe|title=Early Medieval Kashmir Coinage – A New Hoard and An Anomaly |url=https://www.academia.edu/32663187|journal=Numismatic Digest |volume=40 |date=April 2017|language=en|page=110}}</ref> '''Obverse''': abstract Kushan-style king standing, [[Kidara]] monogram to inner right. '''Reverse''': Abstract [[Ardoxsho]] seated facing, [[Brahmi script]] legend “Sri Yasova” to right, “rma” to left.
}}

The '''Varman dynasty''' was a dynasty that ruled from the mid 7th century to the late 8th century.<ref>Map of the territory of the Varman dynasty in {{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=146, map XIV.2 (e) |isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=183 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |access-date=25 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224144259/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=183 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==History==
===Establishment===
The city of [[Kannauj]] had previously been ruled by emperor [[Harshavardhana]], who died without an heir and thus created a power vacuum. This lasted for around a century before Yashovarman emerged as its ruler.{{sfnp|Chopra|2003|p=194|ps=}} [[Alexander Cunningham]], an archaeologist of the [[British Raj]] period, speculated on possible rulers of Kannauj during the period between Harsha and Yashovarman but there is little evidence to support his claims.{{sfnp|Tripathi|1989|p=192|ps=}} Much of information on him is derived from the ''[[Gaudavaho]]'' (''Slaying of the king of Gauda''),{{sfnp|Majumdar|2003|p=259|ps=}} a [[Prakrit|Prakrit-language]] poem written by his court poet [[Vakpati (poet)|Vakpati]]. According to the [[Jain]] chronicles, Yashovarman had a son named [[Āma]], who succeeded him as the king of Kannauj during 749-753 CE.{{sfn|Mishra|1977|p=117}}{{sfn|Mishra|1977|p=125}}

===Expansion===
The dynasty reached its greatest extent and zenith of prosperity only under its founder, [[Yashovarman]]. The ''Gaudavaho'' depicts Yashovarman as conquering large swathes of northern India — including [[Bihar]], [[Bengal]], the western [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]], [[Indus Valley]] and [[Kashmir]] — before returning in triumph to Kannauj. However, [[Kalhana]], a Kashmiri court chronicler who lived around the 12th century CE, gives a very different story in his ''[[Rajatarangini]]'', depicting Yashovarman as a ruler who was among those defeated by [[Lalitaditya Muktapida]], a very powerful [[Karkota Empire|Karkota]] ruler of [[Kashmir]].{{sfnp|Eraly|2011|pp=92–93, 622|ps=}}

Although [[R. C. Majumdar]] is among those who are wary of the ancient accounts of conquests, he believes that Yashovarman was "unquestionably the most powerful king [in the region] about this time."

===Decline===
[[Yashovarman]]'s successors did not expand the kingdom and were all weak kings, who did not pay much attention to administration. They are considered as unsuccessful rulers.<ref name=rama>Rama Shankar Tripathi (1964). History of Kanauj: To the Moslem Conquest. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 211 {{ISBN|978-81-208-0478-4}}</ref> [[Āma]], [[Dunduka]], and [[Bhoja of Kannauj|Bhoja]] are considered as insignificant rulers, who achieved nothing of importance and reigned for 15–20 years.<ref name="https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA246&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false">{{cite book |last1=Sen |first1=Sailendra Nath |title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization |date=1999 |publisher=New Age International |isbn=9788122411980 |pages=264–668 |edition=Paperback |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA246}}</ref> The last king, [[Bhoja of Kannauj|Bhoja]] was probably defeated by the [[Ayudha dynasty|Ayudhas]], who [[Ayudha dynasty|established a new dynasty]].<ref name="https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA246&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false"/>

==List of rulers==
* Suryavarman (c. 710-725 CE), whose daughter Vasati married the Panduvamshi king [[Harshagupta (ruler)|Harshagupta]] of Dakshina Kosala.
* [[Yashovarman]] (c. 725–752 CE), founder of dynasty
* [[Āma]]
* [[Dunduka]]
* [[Bhoja of Kannauj|Bhoja]] (ruled till 770 CE), last ruler of dynasty

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
*{{citation |last=Chopra |first=Pran Nath |title=A Comprehensive History of Ancient India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gE7udqBkACwC |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-207-2503-4 |publisher=Sterling Publishers}}
*{{citation |title=The First Spring: The Golden Age of India |first=Abraham |last=Eraly |publisher=Penguin Books India |year=2011 |isbn=9780670084784 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=te1sqTzTxD8C}}
*{{citation |title=Ancient India |first=Ramesh Chandra |last=Majumdar |authorlink=R. C. Majumdar |edition=Reprinted |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=2003 |orig-year=1952 |isbn=9788120804364 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XNxiN5tzKOgC}}
* {{cite book |last=Mishra |first=Shyam Manohar |title=Yaśovarman of Kanauj |publisher=Abhinav |year=1977 |oclc=5782454 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kZWgj-YMdVEC&pg=PA123 }}
*{{citation |title=History of Kanauj: To the Moslem Conquest |first=Ramashandra |last=Tripathi |edition=Reprinted |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1989 |isbn=9788120804043 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Tnh2QjGhMQC}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Dynasties of India]]
[[Category:History of Kannauj]]
[[Category:7th-century establishments in India]]

Varman dynasty (Kannauj) - Revision history

हिन्दू: info