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{{Short description|Species of orchid}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Vanda tessellata Orchi 001.jpg
| image_caption =
| genus = Vanda
| species = tessellata
| authority = ([[Roxb.]]) [[Hook.]] ex [[G.Don]]
| synonyms =
*''Epidendrum tessellatum'' [[Roxb.]] ([[basionym]])
*''Cymbidium tessellatum'' ([[Roxb.]]) [[Olof Swartz|Sw.]]
*''Vanda roxburghii'' [[R.Br.]]
*''Aerides tessellata'' ([[Roxb.]]) [[Wight]] ex [[Wall.]]
*''Cymbidium allagnata'' [[Buch.-Ham.]] ex [[Wall.]]
*''Cymbidium tesselloides'' [[Roxb.]]
*''Vanda tesselloides'' ([[Roxb.]]) [[Rchb.f.]]
*''Vanda roxburghii'' var. ''wrightiana'' [[Rchb.f.]]
|status = LC
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|status_ref = <ref name = "IUCN">Khela, S. & Chadburn, H. 2014. Vanda tessellata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014: e.T22486461A22488222. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T22486461A22488222.en. Accessed on 11 May 2022.</ref>
}}

'''''Vanda tessellata''''' (also known as '''Grey orchid'''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://speciesplus.net/#/taxon_concepts/28345/names |title=Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex G.Don | website=CITES Species+|access-date=April 15, 2021}}</ref> or '''Checkered Vanda'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://flora-peninsula-indica.ces.iisc.ac.in/herbsheet.php?id=6920&cat=7 |title=Vanda tessellata|last1=Rao |first1=Sankara | last2=Swamy |first2=Raja K | last3=Kumar |first3=Deepak | last4=R. |first4=Arun Singh| last5=Bhat |first5=K. Gopalakrishna | publisher=Indian Institute of Science|website=Flora of peninsular India|access-date=April 15, 2021}}</ref>) is a species of [[orchid]] occurring from the [[Indian subcontinent]] to [[Indochina]]. It is a medicinal plant.

== Description ==
It is an epiphytic perennial, stem 30–60 cm long, stout, scandent by the stout, simple or branching aerial roots. Leaves succulent, 15–20 cm, long, linear, recurved, complicate. Flowers in 6-10 flowered racemes, reaching with the peduncle 15–25 cm long. Sepals yellow, tessellated with brown lines and with white margins. Petals yellow with brown lines and white margins, shorter than the sepals. Lip 16 mm long, bluish, dotted with purple. Capsules 7.5–9 cm long, narrowly clavate-oblong with acute ribs.
<gallery>
File:Vanda tessellata (as Vanda roxburghii) - Bot. Reg. 6 pl.506 (1820).jpg|''Vanda tessellata'' (as syn. ''Vanda roxburghii'') plate 506 in: The Botanical Register (Orchidaceae), vol. 6, (1820)
File:Vanda tessellata (as Vanda roxburghii) - Curtis' 48 pl. 2245 (1821).jpg|''Vanda tessellata'' (as syn. ''Vanda roxburghii'') plate 2245 in: Curtis's Bot. Magazine (Orchidaceae), vol. 48, (1821)
File:R. Warner & B.S. Williams - The Orchid Album - volume 02 - plate 059 (1883).jpg|''Vanda tessellata'' (as syn. ''Vanda roxburghii'') Plate 59 in: R.Warner - B.S.Williams: The Orchid Album (1882-1897)
</gallery>

== Medicinal uses ==
The roots are alexiteric and antipyretic; useful in dyspepsia, bronchitis, inflammations, piles and hiccup. Externally the root is used in rheumatism and allied disorders and diseases of the nervous system. It is also employed as a remedy for secondary syphilis and scorpion stings. The juice of the leaves is used topically in otitis and a paste of them finds use as a febrifuge. The roots possess significant anti-inflammatory activity.<ref name=Ghani2003>Ghani, 2003</ref> and exhibit potent analgesic effects combined with a relatively low toxicity <ref>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1186/s12906-015-0833-y|pmid = 26335564|pmc = 4559165|title = Vanda roxburghii: An experimental evaluation of antinociceptive properties of a traditional epiphytic medicinal orchid in animal models|journal = BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine|volume = 15|pages = 305|year = 2015|last1 = Uddin|first1 = Md. Josim|last2 = Rahman|first2 = Md. Masudur|last3 = Abdullah-Al-Mamun|first3 = Md.|last4 = Sadik|first4 = Golam}}</ref> A novel aphrodisiac compound ( 2,7,7-tri methyl bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane) has been found in the orchid in 2013.<ref>A Subramoniam, A Gangaprasad, P K Sureshkumar, J Radhika and B K Arun (18 April 2013). [http://www.nature.com/ijir/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ijir201318a.html A novel aphrodisiac compound from an orchid that activates nitric oxide synthases] ' International Journal of Impotence Research , (18 April 2013) {{doi|10.1038/ijir.2013.18}}</ref>

== Chemical composition ==
The plant produces an alkaloid, a [[glucoside]], [[tannins]], [[β-sitosterol]], [[γ-sitosterol]] and a long chain [[aliphatic compound]], [[fatty oils]], [[resin]]s and colouring matters. Roots contain [[tetracosyl ferrulate]] and β-sitosterol-D-[[glucoside]].<ref name=Ghani2003/><ref>Rastogi & Mehrotra, 1990</ref>

== Traditional practices ==
In the [[Yunani]] system, the root is used as a [[Herbal tonic|tonic]] for the liver and brain; effective against bronchitis, piles, lumbago, toothache, and boils of the scalp; it also is said to lessen inflammation and heal fractures. The root is said to be fragrant, bitter and useful in [[rheumatism]] and allied disorders, in which it is prescribed in a variety of forms. It is also used in the composition of several medicated oils for external application in rheumatism and diseases of the nervous system. In Chota [[Nagpur]], the leaves are pounded into a paste and then applied to the body during fever. A compound decoction of this root is administered in cases of [[Hemiplegia]] as some Indian physicians consider it useful in rheumatism and all nervous diseases. The leaves are pounded and the paste is applied to the body to bring down fever; the juice is dropped in the ear for the treatment of [[Otitis media]] and other inflammatory conditions. The roots are used in [[Dyspepsia]], [[Bronchitis]], [[Rheumatism]], and also in fever; they are reported to possess antibacterial and anti-tubercular properties. The herb is also used for [[Sciatica]]. The leaves are used by the [[Santhal people|Santhal]] girls for making anklets.

==Use as an entheogen in India==
'Ayurvedic shamans' in India are said to have used the plant to induce 'the hypnotic narcosis of their office' leading to 'a transcendent state of being', having learnt originally of the intoxicating properties of this orchid by observing bees which had fed upon its nectar falling to the ground in a state of stupefaction.<ref>''Narcotic Plants (revised and enlarged second edition)'' ,Emboden,William,pub. Macmillan USA and Studio Vista UK 1979.</ref> Evidence for the practice is sparse, but, given the presence of alkaloids in ''V.tessellata'' and its well-documented employment in diseases of the nervous system, such use is intrinsically plausible. In similar vein, [[Tantra|Tantric]] magicians are said to have ingested the fleshy roots of this species as an aid to [[divination]], along with the tubers of another orchid, ''[[Dendrobium macraei]]'' (synonyms Ephemerantha macraei and Flickingeria macraei, but see page [[Flickingeria]] re. unaccepted genus name still used in the horticulture trade).<ref>''The Dictionary of Sacred and Magical Plants'' by Rätsch, Dr.Christian, pub. Prism Press, Bridport UK 1992.</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="150" heights="150">
File:Vanda tessellata in Bangladesh.jpg|''Vanda tessellata'' in [[Bangladesh]]
File:New buds of Vanda tessellata.jpg|New buds of ''Vanda tessellata''
File:Flowers of Vanda tessellata.jpg|Flowers of ''Vanda tessellata''
File:Flowers of Vanda tessellata 2.jpg|Flowers in full bloom
File:Buds of Vanda tessellata.jpg|Buds of ''Vanda tessellata''
File:Buds of Vanda tessellata 2.jpg|Young buds of ''Vanda tessellata''
File:Matured fruit of Vanda tessellata.jpg|Matured fruit of ''Vanda tessellata''
File:Seeds of Vanda tessellata.jpg|Seeds of ''Vanda tessellata''
File:Seeds of Vanda tessellata 2.jpg|Seeds of ''Vanda tessellata''
File:Fruit of Vanda tessellata.jpg|Fruit of ''Vanda tessellata''
File:Transformation of Vanda tessellata flowers.jpg|Transformation of ''Vanda tessellata'' flowers from buds
File:Vanda tessellata plant 2.jpg|''Vanda tessellata'' plant in a bamboo pot
File:Vanda tessellata plant.jpg|''Vanda tessellata'' plant
File:Vanda tessellata reproduction.jpg|[[Vegetative reproduction]] of ''Vanda tessellata''
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Wikispecies|Vanda tessellata}}
{{Commons category}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1319757}}

[[Category:Vanda|tessellata]]
[[Category:Epiphytic orchids]]

{{Vandeae-stub}}

Vanda tessellata - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article