Van Ingen & Van Ingen - Revision history

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{{morefootnotes|date=September 2016}}[[File:tiger head on shield.jpg|thumb|A signature Van Ingen & Van Ingen taxidermy tiger head mount on shield]]
'''Van Ingen & Van Ingen''', simply '''Van Ingen''', or '''Van Ingen of Mysore''' (1900–1999) were Indian [[taxidermy|taxidermists]] located in [[Mysore]], [[South India]], best known for their [[tiger]] and [[leopard]] taxidermy trophy mounts. ''A History of Taxidermy. Art, science and bad taste'' (Morris, 2006) states that Van Ingen factory processed more than 43,000 [[tiger]] and [[leopard]] trophies in less than 90 years of operation. Van Ingen & Van Ingen taxidermy today are still found throughout the world in the form of head mounts, full mounts, flat animal [[carpet|rug]]s, and rug mounts with heads attached.

The Van Ingen & Van Ingen firm was established by Eugene Van Ingen in the 1890s. His sons later ran the business until it closed in 1999.

Van Ingen & Van Ingen served the highest in international nobility as well as the [[Maharaja]]s of India, preserving their "[[Hunting#Shikar (India)|shikar]]" [[hunting trophies]] in the most lifelike poses and in the utmost beauty, with attention to detail like no other in their time of operation.

== Work ==
[[File:Van Ingen snarling mount.jpg|thumb|Close up of a snarling Van Ingen mount]]

Van Ingen & Van Ingen's work was synonymous with quality and fine workmanship, constructing moulds, mannikins, glass eyes, tongues, teeth and even whiskers for jobs of all different sizes of big cat skins and hunting trophies that customers would bring to them. The "snarling" open mouth expression of finished big cat mounts was one of the Van Ingen's trademark qualities, a feature rigorously studied and made possible only by special head moulds which had specific built grooves on the nose area.

Glass eyes were imported from Germany, hand painted individually by a factory workman each pair painted specifically for each individual taxidermy mount. Van Ingen constructed mannikins and moulds of all sizes meaning they could produce mounts of consistent quality for a variety of poses from head mounts to full mount life size pieces.

==Heyday==
[[File:Van Ingen tiger heads.jpg|thumb|Van Ingen tiger heads mounted on the wall of Indian palace]]


In its heyday, Van Ingen & Van Ingen was one of the biggest taxidermy businesses in the world. Factory records reveal that Van Ingen & Van Ingen would process over 400 Tigers per year from the 1930s till the late 1960s limited to not only [[tiger]]s and [[leopard]]s, but also [[bear]]s, [[lion]]s, other species of cat, [[ungulate]]s and even African game. Film stars, [[viceroy]]s and senior military men were numbered among their customers, but at least a third of the taxidermy was done for the [[Indian nobility]]. The firm employed over 150 workers time to support the high workload, with jobs from cleaning, skinning, salting, pickling, mounting, carpentry, finishing, decorating and offloading. Work began to decline in the late 1960s, following the banning of hunting in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2013-01-03|title=They preserve wild spoils year after year - Times Of India|url=http://archive.ph/ROxCY|access-date=2021-04-26|website=archive.ph}}</ref>

The firm remained lightly active until 1999 when it closed.<ref name=":0" />

==Legacy==
In 2004, Pat Morris travelled to Mysore to document what would remain left of the taxidermy firm meeting the last survivor of business management Joubert Van Ingen. Morris would go on to author and publish the book ''Van Ingen & Van Ingen - Artists in Taxidermy'' in 2006 <ref>[http://www.taxidermylaw.co.uk/regulations/history.cfm Taxidermy Law Library]</ref> which outlines the quality, complexity and history of what once was one of the world's largest taxidermy firms. The book also contains actual photocopies of the factory workbook records of the Van Ingen work flow.

The Van Ingen & Van Ingen book, ''Van Ingen & Van Ingen, Artists in Taxidermy, Mysore'' (Morris, 2006) is considered the main source for information of the firm with studies of original factory records that reveal the abundance of wild leopards and tigers once found in the wild.<ref>[http://www.catsg.org/cheetah/05_library/5_3_publications/U_and_V/van_Ingen_&_van_Ingen_1948_Interesting_Shikar_trophies_-_hunting_cheetah.pdf Library Catalog]</ref>

One of the three brothers De Wet Van Ingen (now deceased), still holds the record for the largest [[Mahseer]] ever caught on a rod.<ref>[http://www.flyfish.com/library/the-mahseer-of-india/513/ Flyfish Library]</ref> A cast of the original fish caught was donated to the Regional Museum of Natural History (RMNH), Siddarthanagar, Mysore by Joubert. RMNH also houses a sizable collection of taxidermy mounts which are displayed all round the year.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2018-07-04|title=Museum Collection - Mysore Nature|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704113000/http://www.mysorenature.org/karanji/taxidermy-collection-in-mysore-area/museum-collection|access-date=2021-04-29|website=web.archive.org}}</ref>

==Van Ingen & Van Ingen today==
[[File:Van_Ingen_label.jpg|thumb|Label of a Van Ingen mount]]
Today, Van Ingen taxidermy mounts are found in private collections<ref name=":1" /> and museums throughout the world. Some can be found in [[auction houses]] throughout [[United Kingdom|Britain]] at times finding fetching high prices.

Today there is little to no information regarding possibly one of the greatest taxidermy firms in the world, apart from P.A. Morris' studies. The Van Ingen factory in [[Mysore]], India lies derelict overgrown by the local jungle. The last member of the Van Ingens family Edwin Joubert Van Ingen (born 27 July 1912) died on 12 Mar 2013 in his Mysore residence. He was 101 years old.

A 160 million-year-old fossil of a sauropod, and stuffed animals by Van Ingen & Van Ingen, were part of the museum collection that was destroyed in the April 2016 fire at the [[National Museum of Natural History, New Delhi]].

== See also ==
*[[Trophy hunting]]

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last= Morris |first= Pat A. |title= Van Ingen & Van Ingen: Artists in Taxidermy |publisher= MPM Publishing Ascot |year= 2006 |isbn= 0-9545596-3-0}}
* {{cite book |last= Morris |first= Pat A. |title= A History of Taxidermy: Art, science and bad taste |publisher= MPM Publishing Ascot |year= 2006 |isbn= 978-0-9564873-1-5}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Van Ingen and Van Ingen}}
[[Category:Handicrafts]]
[[Category:Death customs]]
[[Category:Taxidermy]]
[[Category:Companies disestablished in 1999]]
[[Category:1999 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Indian companies disestablished in 1999]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:45, 22 June 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{~~morefootnotes~~\|date=September 2016}}[[File:tiger head on shield.jpg\|thumb\|A signature Van Ingen & Van Ingen taxidermy tiger head mount on shield]]		{{more footnotes needed\|date=September 2016}}[[File:tiger head on shield.jpg\|thumb\|A signature Van Ingen & Van Ingen taxidermy tiger head mount on shield]]
	'''Van Ingen & Van Ingen''', simply '''Van Ingen''', or '''Van Ingen of Mysore''' (1900–1999) were Indian [[taxidermy\|taxidermists]] located in [[Mysore]], [[South India]], best known for their [[tiger]] and [[leopard]] taxidermy trophy mounts. ''A History of Taxidermy. Art, science and bad taste'' (Morris, 2006) states that Van Ingen factory processed more than 43,000 [[tiger]] and [[leopard]] trophies in less than 90 years of operation. Van Ingen & Van Ingen taxidermy today are still found throughout the world in the form of head mounts, full mounts, flat animal [[carpet\|rug]]s, and rug mounts with heads attached.		'''Van Ingen & Van Ingen''', simply '''Van Ingen''', or '''Van Ingen of Mysore''' (1900–1999) were Indian [[taxidermy\|taxidermists]] located in [[Mysore]], [[South India]], best known for their [[tiger]] and [[leopard]] taxidermy trophy mounts. ''A History of Taxidermy. Art, science and bad taste'' (Morris, 2006) states that Van Ingen factory processed more than 43,000 [[tiger]] and [[leopard]] trophies in less than 90 years of operation. Van Ingen & Van Ingen taxidermy today are still found throughout the world in the form of head mounts, full mounts, flat animal [[carpet\|rug]]s, and rug mounts with heads attached.

	The Van Ingen & Van Ingen firm was established by Eugene Van Ingen in the 1890s. His sons later ran the business until it closed in 1999.		The Van Ingen & Van Ingen firm was established by Eugene Van Ingen in the 1890s. His sons later ran the business until it closed in 1999.

	Van Ingen & Van Ingen served the highest in international nobility as well as the [[Maharaja]]s of India, preserving their "[[Hunting#~~Shikar (India)~~\|shikar]]" [[hunting trophies]] in the most lifelike poses and in the utmost beauty, with attention to detail like no other in their time of operation.		Van Ingen & Van Ingen served the highest in international nobility as well as the [[Maharaja]]s of India, preserving their "[[Hunting#Indian subcontinent\|shikar]]" [[hunting trophies]] in the most lifelike poses and in the utmost beauty, with attention to detail like no other in their time of operation.

	== Work ==		== Work ==
	[[File:Van Ingen snarling mount.jpg\|thumb\|Close up of a snarling Van Ingen mount]]		[[File:Van Ingen snarling mount.jpg\|thumb\|Close up of a snarling Van Ingen mount]]

	Van Ingen & Van Ingen's work was synonymous with quality and fine workmanship, constructing moulds, mannikins, glass eyes, tongues, teeth and even whiskers for jobs of all different sizes of big cat skins and hunting trophies that customers would bring to them. The "snarling" open mouth expression of finished big cat mounts was one of the Van Ingen's trademark qualities, a feature rigorously studied and made possible only by special head moulds which had specific built grooves on the nose area.		Van Ingen & Van Ingen's work was synonymous with quality and fine workmanship, constructing moulds, mannikins, glass eyes, tongues, teeth and even whiskers for jobs of all different sizes of big cat skins and hunting trophies that customers would bring to them. The "snarling" open mouth expression of finished big cat mounts was one of the Van Ingen's trademark qualities, a feature rigorously studied and made possible only by special head moulds which had specific built grooves on the nose area.

	Glass eyes were imported from Germany, hand painted individually by a factory workman each pair painted specifically for each individual taxidermy mount. Van Ingen constructed mannikins and moulds of all sizes meaning they could produce mounts of consistent quality for a variety of poses from head mounts to full mount life size pieces.		Glass eyes were imported from Germany, hand painted individually by a factory workman each pair painted specifically for each individual taxidermy mount. Van Ingen constructed mannikins and moulds of all sizes meaning they could produce mounts of consistent quality for a variety of poses from head mounts to full mount life size pieces.
Line 17:		Line 17:
	<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Van Ingen and Van Ingen Advertisement 1930.jpg\|thumb\|A Van Ingen & Van Ingen advertisement circa 1930]] -->		<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Van Ingen and Van Ingen Advertisement 1930.jpg\|thumb\|A Van Ingen & Van Ingen advertisement circa 1930]] -->

	In its heyday, Van Ingen & Van Ingen was one of the biggest taxidermy businesses in the world. Factory records reveal that Van Ingen & Van Ingen would process over 400 Tigers per year from the 1930s till the late 1960s limited to not only [[tiger]]s and [[leopard]]s, but also [[bear]]s, [[lion]]s, other species of cat, [[ungulate]]s and even African game. Film stars, [[viceroy]]s and senior military men were numbered among their customers, but at least a third of the taxidermy was done for the [[Indian nobility]]. The firm employed over 150 workers time to support the high workload, with jobs from cleaning, skinning, salting, pickling, mounting, carpentry, finishing, decorating and offloading. Work began to decline in the late 1960s, following the banning of hunting in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|date=2013-01-03\|title=They preserve wild spoils year after year - Times Of India\|url=http://archive.ph/~~ROxCY~~\|access-date=2021-04-26\|website=archive.ph}}</ref>		In its heyday, Van Ingen & Van Ingen was one of the biggest taxidermy businesses in the world. Factory records reveal that Van Ingen & Van Ingen would process over 400 Tigers per year from the 1930s till the late 1960s limited to not only [[tiger]]s and [[leopard]]s, but also [[bear]]s, [[lion]]s, other species of cat, [[ungulate]]s and even African game. Film stars, [[viceroy]]s and senior military men were numbered among their customers, but at least a third of the taxidermy was done for the [[Indian nobility]]. The firm employed over 150 workers time to support the high workload, with jobs from cleaning, skinning, salting, pickling, mounting, carpentry, finishing, decorating and offloading. Work began to decline in the late 1960s, following the banning of hunting in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|date=2013-01-03\|title=They preserve wild spoils year after year - Times Of India\|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-13/mysore/30274596_1_mysore-zoo-taxidermy-mysore-palace\|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103121139/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-13/mysore/30274596_1_mysore-zoo-taxidermy-mysore-palace\|url-status=dead\|archive-date=2013-01-03\|access-date=2021-04-26\|website=archive.ph}}</ref>

	The firm remained lightly active until 1999 when it closed.<ref name=":0" />		The firm remained lightly active until 1999 when it closed.<ref name=":0" />
Line 26:		Line 26:
	The Van Ingen & Van Ingen book, ''Van Ingen & Van Ingen, Artists in Taxidermy, Mysore'' (Morris, 2006) is considered the main source for information of the firm with studies of original factory records that reveal the abundance of wild leopards and tigers once found in the wild.<ref>[http://www.catsg.org/cheetah/05_library/5_3_publications/U_and_V/van_Ingen_&_van_Ingen_1948_Interesting_Shikar_trophies_-_hunting_cheetah.pdf Library Catalog]</ref>		The Van Ingen & Van Ingen book, ''Van Ingen & Van Ingen, Artists in Taxidermy, Mysore'' (Morris, 2006) is considered the main source for information of the firm with studies of original factory records that reveal the abundance of wild leopards and tigers once found in the wild.<ref>[http://www.catsg.org/cheetah/05_library/5_3_publications/U_and_V/van_Ingen_&_van_Ingen_1948_Interesting_Shikar_trophies_-_hunting_cheetah.pdf Library Catalog]</ref>

	One of the three brothers De Wet Van Ingen (now deceased), still holds the record for the largest [[Mahseer]] ever caught on a rod.<ref>[http://www.flyfish.com/library/the-mahseer-of-india/513/ Flyfish Library]</ref> A cast of the original fish caught was donated to the Regional Museum of Natural History (RMNH), Siddarthanagar, Mysore by Joubert. RMNH also houses a sizable collection of taxidermy mounts which are displayed all round the year.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web\|date=2018-07-04\|title=Museum Collection - Mysore Nature\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704113000/http://www.mysorenature.org/karanji/taxidermy-collection-in-mysore-area/museum-collection\|~~access~~-date=~~2021~~-04~~-29\|website=web.archive.org~~}}</ref>		One of the three brothers De Wet Van Ingen (now deceased), still holds the record for the largest [[Mahseer]] ever caught on a rod.<ref>[http://www.flyfish.com/library/the-mahseer-of-india/513/ Flyfish Library]</ref> A cast of the original fish caught was donated to the Regional Museum of Natural History (RMNH), Siddarthanagar, Mysore by Joubert. RMNH also houses a sizable collection of taxidermy mounts which are displayed all round the year.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web\|date=2018-07-04\|title=Museum Collection - Mysore Nature\|url=http://www.mysorenature.org/karanji/taxidermy-collection-in-mysore-area/museum-collection\|access-date=2021-04-29\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704113000/http://www.mysorenature.org/karanji/taxidermy-collection-in-mysore-area/museum-collection\|archive-date=2018-07-04}}</ref>

	==Van Ingen & Van Ingen today==		==Van Ingen & Van Ingen today==