Kalyan Yadav SPKAY: expand layout additionally and added references for clarity

2026-03-06T06:25:11Z

expand layout additionally and added references for clarity

->Jellysandwich0 at 20:58, 6 August 2021

2021-08-06T20:58:04Z

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{original research|date=July 2021}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Vallikkunnu
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline = Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = [[Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary]] is located in the Balathiruthi Island clusters of Vallikkunnu
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates = {{coord|11|8|0|N|75|50|0|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Malappuram district|Malappuram]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 2
| population_total = 22853
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 673314
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0494
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#KL.E2.80.94Kerala|KL]]-55 KL]]65
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Kozhikode
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Malappuram]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = Vallikkunnu
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|Moderate]] <small>([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])</small>
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
''' Vallikkunnu ''' is a village in [[Tirurangadi]] Taluk of [[Malappuram district]] in the state of [[Kerala]], India with an area of 25 km<sup>2</sup>. It is located 5 km north of [[Parappanangadi]] town and comes under the jurisdiction of Parappanangadi Police Station and Parappanangadi Judicial First Class Magistrate Court. Its latitude and longitude are 11'07" N and 7'51"E respectively. Vallikkunnu was awarded the best panchayath of Kerala in 1997.<ref name="censusindia">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx|title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above|last=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=2008-12-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/election/2015/local-body/malappuram/vallikkunnu-grama-panchayat-malayalam-news-1.582652|title=വള്ളിക്കുന്ന് ഗ്രാമപഞ്ചായത്ത്|website=Mathrubhumi}}</ref> Vallikunnu is situated on [[Tirur]]-[[Kadalundi]] Road.<ref name="tps">{{Cite news|title=ആ ചൂളംവിളി പിന്നെയും പിന്നെയും...|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/malappuram/specials/50-years-of-malappuram/kerala-first-railway-line-tirur-to-beypore-1.3880175|date=17 June 2019|access-date=19 December 2020|work=Mathrubhumi}}</ref> Vallikkunnu is also a part of the Oldest Railway Line of Kerala laid in 1861 from [[Tirur]] to [[Chaliyam]] via [[Tanur, Malappuram|Tanur]], [[Parappanangadi]], Vallikkunnu, and [[Kadalundi]].<ref name="tps"/>
[[File:Vallikkunnu Railway Station.jpg|thumbnail|[[Vallikkunnu railway station]]]]
[[File:A sunrise at Vallikkunnu.jpg|thumbnail|A sunrise at Vallikkunnu]]
Vallikkunnu lies on the bank of [[Kadalundi River]]. Kadalundi River joins with [[Arabian Sea]] at the estuary (''Azhimukham'') in Kadalundi Nagaram beach of Vallikkunnu Grama Panchayat. [[Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary]] and Kadalundi-Vallikkunnu Community Reserve are located here.<ref name="Vallikkunnu">{{cite web |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/travel/getting-about-kerala/kozhikode/2018/04/04/kadalundi-vallikunnu-community-reserve-ecotourism-centre.amp.html |title=Kadalundi-Vallikkunnu community reserve |website=www.onmanorama.com |date=4 April 2018 |access-date=25 July 2020}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]], Vallikkunnu had a population of 22853 with 11057 males and 11796 females.<ref name="censusindia" />
It comes under Thirurangadi thaluk. The northern boundary is [[Kadalundi river]] and southern side with [[Parappanangadi]] Municipality. The village has a coastline of 8 kilometers with [[arabian sea]] in the west. The east is covered with [[Chelembra]], [[Tenhipalam]] and Moonniyoor Panchayaths.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/malappuram.html|title=CEO Kerala :: Malappuram|website=www.ceo.kerala.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.keralatourism.org/routes-locations/charamparambu--ii-/id/1907|title=Charamparambu (ii), Vallikkunnu Panchayat, Malappuram District, Kerala, India|website=Kerala Tourism}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Periplous of the Erythraean Sea.svg|thumbnail|Names, routes and locations of the ''[[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]'' (1st century CE)]]
[[File:Green Vallikkunnu.jpg|thumbnail|[[Mangrove]] plantation at Vallikunnu]]
Vallikkunnu-[[Kadalundi]]-[[Chaliyam]]-[[Beypore]] had trade relations with foreign countries like Rome and Arabia since the era of king Solomon. [[Tyndis]], which was a major center of trade, next only to [[Muziris]], between the [[Chera dynasty|Chera]]s and the [[Roman Empire]], is identified with [[Kadalundi]].<ref>Coastal Histories: Society and Ecology in Pre-modern India, Yogesh Sharma, Primus Books 2010</ref> [[Pliny the Elder]] (1st century CE) states that the port of ''[[Tyndis]]'' was located at the northwestern border of ''Keprobotos'' ([[Chera dynasty]]).<ref name=":2">Gurukkal, R., & Whittaker, D. (2001). In search of Muziris. ''Journal of Roman Archaeology,'' ''14'', 334-350.</ref> The [[North Malabar]] region, which lies north of the port at ''[[Tyndis]]'', was ruled by the kingdom of [[Ezhimala]] during [[Sangam period]].<ref name="Malabar">A. Shreedhara Menon, A Survey of Kerala History</ref> According to the ''[[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]'', a region known as ''[[Limyrike]]'' began at ''[[Kannur|Naura]]'' and ''[[Tyndis]]''. However the [[Ptolemy]] mentions only ''[[Tyndis]]'' as the ''[[Limyrike]]'''s starting point. The region probably ended at [[Kanyakumari]]; it thus roughly corresponds to the present-day [[Malabar Coast]]. The value of Rome's annual trade with the region was estimated at around 50,000,000 [[sesterces]].<ref>According to [[Pliny the Elder]], goods from India were sold in the Empire at 100 times their original purchase price. See [https://web.archive.org/web/20131106031753/http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/BookLibrary/books/bibliographie/P/Plinyelder/elder/pliny-india.html]</ref> [[Pliny the Elder]] mentioned that ''[[Limyrike]]'' was prone by pirates.<ref>Bostock, John (1855). "26 (Voyages to India)". Pliny the Elder, The Natural History. London: Taylor and Francis. </ref> The [[Cosmas Indicopleustes]] mentioned that the ''[[Limyrike]]'' was a source of peppers.<ref>Indicopleustes, Cosmas (1897). Christian Topography. 11. United Kingdom: The Tertullian Project. pp. 358–373. </ref><ref>Das, Santosh Kumar (2006). The Economic History of Ancient India. Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd. p. 301. </ref>

According to the [[Legend of Cheraman Perumals]], the first Indian mosque was built in 624 AD at [[Kodungallur]] with the mandate of the last the ruler (the Cheraman Perumal) of [[Chera dynasty]], who converted to Islam during the lifetime of [[Muhammad|Prophet Muhammad]] (c. 570–632).<ref>{{cite book |author=Jonathan Goldstein |title=The Jews of China |publisher=M. E. Sharpe |year=1999|isbn=9780765601049 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Z6DlzyT2vwC |page=123}}</ref><ref name="SimpsonKresse2008">{{cite book |author1=Edward Simpson|author2=Kai Kresse|title=Struggling with History: Islam and Cosmopolitanism in the Western Indian Ocean|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w0qHKA7zEaEC&pg=PA333|access-date=24 July 2012 |year=2008|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-70024-5|pages=333}}</ref><ref name="Kupferschmidt1987">{{cite book|author=Uri M. Kupferschmidt|title=The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam Under the British Mandate for Palestine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ChEVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA458|access-date=25 July 2012|year=1987|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-07929-8|pages=458–459}}</ref><ref name="Raṇṭattāṇi2007">{{cite book|author=Husain Raṇṭattāṇi|title=Mappila Muslims: A Study on Society and Anti Colonial Struggles |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlb5BrabQd8C&pg=PA179|access-date=25 July 2012|year=2007|publisher=Other Books|isbn=978-81-903887-8-8|pages=179–}}</ref> According to ''[[Qissat Shakarwati Farmad]]'', the [[Mosque|''Masjids'']] at [[Kodungallur]], [[Kollam]], Madayi, [[Barkur]], [[Mangalore]], [[Kasaragod]], [[Kannur]], [[Dharmadam]], [[Koyilandy|Panthalayini]], and [[Chaliyam]] (just opposite to Vallikkunnu), were built during the era of [[Malik Dinar]], and they are among the oldest ''Masjid''s in [[Indian Subcontinent]].<ref>Prange, Sebastian R. ''Monsoon Islam: Trade and Faith on the Medieval Malabar Coast.'' Cambridge University Press, 2018. 98.</ref> It is believed that [[Malik Dinar]] was died at [[Thalangara]] in [[Kasaragod]] town.<ref name="ch">Pg 58, Cultural heritage of [[Kerala]]: an introduction, A. Sreedhara Menon, East-West Publications, 1978</ref>

After the breakdown of the Chera Kingdom dynasty rooted in Kadalundi, [[Parappanad]] Kovilakam of [[Parappanangadi]] became the rulers of Vallikkunnu. Parappanad royal family is a cousin dynasty of the [[Travancore royal family]].<ref name="Thrippadidaanam">{{cite book|last1=Mheshwari|first1=S Uma|title=Thrippadidaanam|publisher=Mathrubhumi Books|isbn=978-81-8265-947-6|pages=41–53}}</ref><ref>(See page 4 in Madras Presidency Records, 1915, Supt , Government Press, Madras.) </ref> They gave permission for the Dutch to build a fort at [[Kadalundi]]. Even though the fort collapsed after a war with Zamorins, we can see the remnants in Mulla. Later the British became the rulers of Vallikkunnu and they built railway lines from [[Tirur]] up to [[Chaliyam]] for the purpose of business. Later it was extended to [[Shoranur]]. [[Marthanda Varma]], the founder of [[Travancore]], belongs to [[Parappanad]] royal family.<ref name="Thrippadidaanam"/>

Thundi is an ancient seaport and harbor-town north of [[Muziris|Muziris (Muchiri)]] in the [[Chera Kingdom]] (Keprobotos), modern day [[India]] on the [[Malabar Coast]].<ref>{{cite web|author=The official web portal of Government of Kerala |url=http://www.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2852&Itemid=2291 |title=History |publisher=Kerala.gov.in |access-date=2012-09-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009144939/http://kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2852&Itemid=2291 |archive-date=2012-10-09 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=The official web portal of Government of Kerala |url=http://www.kerala.gov.in |title=Official Web Portal of Government of Kerala |publisher=Kerala.gov.in |access-date=2012-09-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060118031516/http://www.kerala.gov.in/ |archive-date=2006-01-18 }}</ref> The exact location of the port is still unknown, modernday Kadalundi Nagaram, [[Ponnani]], [[Tanur, Malappuram|Tanur]], and [[Koyilandi|Pantalayani Kollam]]<ref>[http://www.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2852&Itemid=2291 History] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009144939/http://kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2852&Itemid=2291 |date=2012-10-09 }}.</ref> are often identified as Tyndis located in the [[Sangam period|Sangam age]] [[Tamil people|Tamil]] kingdom of the [[Chera dynasty|Cheras]]. Tyndis was a major center of trade, next only to Muziris, between the Cheras and the [[Roman Empire]] in the early centuries of the Christian era. A branch of the Chera royal family is also said to have established itself at Tyndis. It is also speculated that Tyndis (along with ports such as Naura, Bakare and Nelkynda) operated as a satellite feeding port to Muziris.<ref>Coastal Histories: Society and Ecology in Pre-modern India, Yogesh Sharma, Primus Books 2010</ref>

==Wards of Vallikkunnu==
<mapframe text="Vallikkunnu Grama Panchayat" width=300 height=300 align=center >{ "type": "ExternalData", "service": "geoshape", "ids": "Q7912419"}</mapframe>
Vallikkunnu Grama Panchayat is composed of the following 23 wards:<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://sec.kerala.gov.in/index.php/Content/index/lsgd
|website = sec.kerala.gov.in
|title = Wards of Vallikkunnu
}}</ref>

{|class="sortable" border="2" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
!width="20px" |Ward no.
!width="75px" |Name
!width="20px" |Ward no.
!width="75px" |Name
|-
|1
|[[Kadalundi]] Nagaram North
|2
|Keezhayil
|-
|3
|Navajeevan
|4
|Balathiruthi
|-
|5
|Anayarangadi
|6
|Madathil Purayi
|-
|7
|Kizhakkemala
|8
|Olipram
|-
|9
|Paruthikkad
|10
|Pottenkuzhi
|-
|11
|Kacherikunnu
|12
|Karumarakkad
|-
|13
|Kodakkad East
|14
|Kodakkad South
|-
|15
|Kodakkad West
|16
|[[Ariyallur]] East
|-
|17
|Madhavanandam
|18
|[[Ariyallur]] South
|-
|19
|[[Ariyallur]] Beach
|20
|[[Ariyallur]] North
|-
|21
|Anangadi South
|22
|Anangadi
|-
|23
|[[Kadalundi]] Nagaram
|
|
|}

==See also==
* [[Parappanangadi]]
* [[Chelari]]
* [[Tenhipalam]]
* [[Chelembra]]
* [[Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary]]
* [[Chaliyar]]

==External links==
{{commons category|Vallikkunnu}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Navboxes
| title = Articles Related to Vallikkunnu
| list =
{{Malappuram district}}
{{South Malabar}}
{{Malabar}}
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}}

[[Category:Villages in Malappuram district]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in India]]
[[Category:Parappanangadi area]]

Vallikkunnu - Revision history

Kalyan Yadav SPKAY: expand layout additionally and added references for clarity

->Jellysandwich0 at 20:58, 6 August 2021