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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{short description|Traditional boat race in Kerala}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}<br />
{{More citations needed|date=December 2017}}<br />
[[File:Kerala boatrace.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Aranmula Boat in Uthrattathi Boat Race]]<br />
[[File:Boat race chundan.jpg|thumb|Boat race witlh snake boats]]<br />
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[[File:വെള്ളംകുളങ്ങര ചുണ്ടൻ വള്ളം.jpg|thumb|Vallam Kulangara - Snake boats]]<br />
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'''Vallam kali''' (''[[ISO 15919|vaḷḷaṃ kaḷi]]'', literally: boat game) is a traditional [[Boat racing|boat race]] in [[Kerala]], [[India]]. It is a form of [[canoe racing]], and uses [[paddle]]d [[war canoe]]s. It is mainly conducted during the season of the [[harvest festival]] [[Onam]] in spring. Vallam kali includes races of many kinds of paddled longboats and 'snake boats'. Each team spends about 6 lakh rupees for the Nehru Trophy.<br />
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The race of [[chundan vallam]] ('snake boat', about 30-35 meter (100-120 feet) long with 64 or 128 paddlers aboard<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rove.me/to/kerala/snake-boat-races-vallam-kali|title=Snake Boat Races (Vallam Kali)}}</ref>) is the major event. Hence Vallam Kali is also known as the '''snake boat race''' and is a major tourist attraction. Other types of boats which do participate in various events in the race are ''churulan vallam'', ''iruttukuthy vallam'', ''odi vallam'', ''veppu vallam'', ''vadakkanody vallam'' and ''kochu vallam''. The [[Nehru Trophy Boat Race]] is a popular vallam kali event held in the [[Punnamada Lake]] near [[Alappuzha]], [[Kerala]], [[India]].<br />
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==History==<br />
[[File:Vallam-kali.jpg|thumb|Vallam-kali]]<br />
In Kerala, during an early 13th-century war between the feudal kingdoms of [[Onattukara|Kayamkulam]] and [[Kingdom of Chembakassery|Chembakassery]], [[Monarchy of Chembakassery|King]] [[Devanarayana of Chembakassery]] commissioned the construction of a war boat named ''[[Chundan Vallam]]''<!--Capitalized as a proper noun in this case.--> and he tasked a famous carpenter of the day with the responsibility of creating it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.karichalchundan.com/php/originVallam.php|title=karichal chundan - Nehru Trophy Winner 2016, karichal, karichalchundan, karichalchundan.com,payipad boat race,kerala snake boat race,snake boat race in kerala|first=Prasanth|last=MS|website=Karichalchundan.com|access-date=20 December 2017}}</ref> Hence, the technical methods for creating these snake boats are around 8 centuries old. Of the snake boats still in use today, the [[Parthasarathi Chundan]] is the oldest model.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.karichalchundan.com/php/originVallam.php|title= Origin of Vallamkali (Boat Race)}}</ref><br />
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Vallam kali has mainly been conducted during the season of the harvest festival Onam in Autumn. The race of chundan vallam is the major event. Vallam kali also includes races of many other kinds of traditional paddled longboats of Kerala, and is one of the major tourist attractions in the state.<br />
[[File:നെഹ്റു ട്രോഫി Nehru Trophy Boat Race 2012 7775.JPG|thumb|[[Nehru Trophy Boat Race]]]]<br />
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===Vanchipattu===<br />
''Vanchipattu'' (lit. 'boatsong') is the form of poetry in Malayalam language commonly used during vallam kali and related festivals. During [[Aranmula Uthrattadi Vallamkali]], the vanchipattu is performed by the participants for its significance in the rituals. [[Ramapurathu Warrier]] is considered to be the pioneer of the vanchipattu.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/a-fusion-twist-to-vanchipattu/article7514874.ece|title=A fusion twist to Vanchipattu|date=8 August 2015|first=R. Ramabhadran | last=Pillai | newspaper=The Hindu | access-date=12 July 2019 }}</ref><br />
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==List of periodical vallam kali events==<br />
=== Major events ===<br />
[[File:Backwaters.png|thumb|Map of ''Backwaters'' in [[Kerala]] where boat racing is conducted]]<br />
*[[Kandassankadavu boat race]], [[Thrissur]]<br />
* [[Nehru Trophy Boat Race]] in [[Punnamada Lake]], [[Alappuzha]]<br />
*[[Triprayar boat race]], in [[Conolly canal]], [[Triprayar, Thrissur]]<br />
* [[Aranmula Uthrattadi Vallamkali]] at Aranmula, [[Pathanamthitta]]<br />
* [[President's Trophy Boat Race]] in [[Ashtamudi lake]], [[Kollam]]<br />
* [[Kallada Boat Race]] in [[Kallada River]], [[Kollam]]<br />
* Pampa Boat Race in [[Neerattupuram]]<br />
* [[Champakulam Moolam Boat Race]]<br />
* [[Kumarakom Boat Race]]<br />
* [[Payippad Jalotsavam]]<br />
* [[Kannetty|Sree Narayana Boat Race]] in [[Karunagappally]], [[Kollam]]<br />
* Thazhathangadi Boat Race, [[Kottayam]]<br />
* Gothuruth Boat Race, in the [[Periyar (river)|Periyar]], [[Ernakulam]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.keralatourism.org/gothuruth-boat-race.php|title=Gothuruthu Boat Race, Gothuruth Boat race, Ernakulam, Muziris Heritage Site, Kerala, India - Kerala Tourism|website=Keralatourism.org|access-date=20 December 2017}}</ref><ref>[http://gothuruthboatrace.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518075839/http://gothuruthboatrace.com/ |date=2014-05-18 }}</ref><br />
* Piravom Boat Race in [[Piravom]]<br />
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=== Minor events ===<br />
* Paravur Jalothsavam & Boat Race in [[Paravur Thekkumbhagam]], [[Kollam]]<br />
* ATDC Boat Race, [[Alappuzha]]<br />
* [[Rajiv Gandhi Trophy boat race]], Pulinkunnu<br />
* Neerettupuram Pampa Boat Race<br />
* Karuvatta Boat Race<br />
* Kavanattinkara Boat Race<br />
* Kumarakom Arpookara Vanitha Jalamela, [[Kumarakom]]<br />
* Mahatma Boat Race, Mannar, [[Alappuzha]]<br />
* Kottapuram Boat Race, [[Kottapuram]]<br />
* Kodungallur and Kumaranasan Smaraka Jalotsavam, [[Pallana]]<br />
* [[Indira Gandhi Boat Race]], in [[Kochi Lake]]<br />
* Kaithappuzhakkayal Boat Race, in Kaithappuzha Lake, [[Ernakulam]]<br />
* Biyyam Kaayal Boat Race, [[Ponnani]]<br />
* Uthara malabar Boat Race, Thejaswini Lake, [[Kasaragod]]<br />
* EK.Nayanar Trophy -Malabar jalolsavam, Mangalassery, Kuppam river, Kannur district<br />
* Kuppam Boat Race, Kuppam River, Kannur District <ref name="kps">{{cite web|url=http://www.keralapicnicspot.com/vallam-kali|title=The Internationally famous Boat racing Festival of Kerala|website=Keralapicnicspot.com|access-date=20 December 2017}}</ref><br />
* Kattampally Boat Race, Kannur District <ref name="kps" /><br />
* Madayi Boat Race, Pazhyangadi River, Pazhyangadi, Kannur District <ref name="kps" /><br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[Chundan Vallam]]<br />
*[[Aranmula Kottaram]]<br />
*[[Kerala backwaters]]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
{{commons category}}<br />
* [http://snakeboatrace.com/ Dates of the various races and other useful traveller information]<br />
* [http://www.aranmula.net Aranmula]<br />
* [http://www.nehrutrophyboatrace.com Nehru Trophy Boat Race]<br />
* [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-9081647335832289546 Google video of Vallamkalli]<br />
* [http://gamezindia.com/guest/gameplay.php?gId=46 Online game on Vallamkali at www.gamezindia.com]<br />
* [http://www.alappuzhaonline.com/snake-boat-races-alappuzha.htm Snake Boat Race]<br />
* [http://www.keralatourism.org/gothuruth-boat-race.php Gothuruth Boat Race since 1938]<br />
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{{Waters of Kerala}}<br />
{{Tourism in Kerala}}<br />
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[[Category:Paddling]]<br />
[[Category:Boat races in Kerala]]<br />
[[Category:Traditional sports of India]]<br />
[[Category:Tourism in Kerala]]</div>imported>Arjayay