Valentine Vivian - Revision history

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	*Companion of the Most Distinguished [[Order of St Michael and St George]] (1947)<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=37909 \|date=1 January 1947 \|page=6 \|supp=y}}</ref>		*Companion of the Most Distinguished [[Order of St Michael and St George]] (1947)<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=37909 \|date=1 January 1947 \|page=6 \|supp=y}}</ref>
	*[[Legion of Merit]] (Officer) (USA) (1947)<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=37909 \|date=20 March 1947 \|page=1312 \|supp=y}}</ref>		*[[Legion of Merit]] (Officer) (USA) (1947)<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=37909 \|date=20 March 1947 \|page=1312 \|supp=y}}</ref>
	*Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (1923){{citation needed\|date=October ~~2022~~}}		*Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (1923){{citation needed\|date=October 2015}}
	*Officer of the Order of the British Empire (1918)<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=30730 \|date=4 June 1918 \|page=6716 \|supp=y}}</ref>		*Officer of the Order of the British Empire (1918)<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=30730 \|date=4 June 1918 \|page=6716 \|supp=y}}</ref>
	}}		}}

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← Older revision		Revision as of 17:46, 6 October 2022
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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=April ~~2012~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=April 2022}}
	{{Infobox military person		{{Infobox military person
	\|name= Valentine Patrick Terrel Vivian		\|name= Valentine Patrick Terrel Vivian
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	{{plainlist\|		{{plainlist\|
	*Companion of the Most Distinguished [[Order of St Michael and St George]] (1947)<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=37909 \|date=1 January 1947 \|page=6 \|supp=y}}</ref>		*Companion of the Most Distinguished [[Order of St Michael and St George]] (1947)<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=37909 \|date=1 January 1947 \|page=6 \|supp=y}}</ref>
	*[[Legion of Merit]] (Officer) (USA) (1947) <ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=37909 \|date=20 March 1947 \|page=1312 \|supp=y}}</ref>		*[[Legion of Merit]] (Officer) (USA) (1947)<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=37909 \|date=20 March 1947 \|page=1312 \|supp=y}}</ref>
	*Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (1923){{citation needed\|date=October ~~2015~~}}		*Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (1923){{citation needed\|date=October 2022}}
	*Officer of the Order of the British Empire (1918)<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=30730 \|date=4 June 1918 \|page=6716 \|supp=y}}</ref>		*Officer of the Order of the British Empire (1918)<ref>{{London Gazette \|issue=30730 \|date=4 June 1918 \|page=6716 \|supp=y}}</ref>
	}}		}}
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	Under Vivian, Section V focused on the activities of the [[Comintern]], which Vivian initially "regarded... as a criminal conspiracy rather than a clandestine political movement". Vivian was the author of the 1932 report ([http://www.fco.gov.uk/Files/kfile/Retained%20releases%2001%202005%20%20website%20doc_.pdf FO 1093/92]) on the [[Jakob Rudnik\|Hilaire Noulens]] case, but his authorship was revealed only in 1994.		Under Vivian, Section V focused on the activities of the [[Comintern]], which Vivian initially "regarded... as a criminal conspiracy rather than a clandestine political movement". Vivian was the author of the 1932 report ([http://www.fco.gov.uk/Files/kfile/Retained%20releases%2001%202005%20%20website%20doc_.pdf FO 1093/92]) on the [[Jakob Rudnik\|Hilaire Noulens]] case, but his authorship was revealed only in 1994.

	During the First World War, Vivian served in the [[Indian Army]] in Turkey and Palestine.<ref name=":0" /> At one point early in his career, he served in the Department of Criminal Intelligence ([[Simla]]) in India.		During the First World War, Vivian served in the [[Indian Army]] in Turkey and Palestine.<ref name=":0" /> At one point early in his career, he served in the Department of Criminal Intelligence ([[Simla]]) in India.

	== Later career ==		== Later career ==
	In the Summer of 1940 Vivian was one of the organisers of the British Resistance organisation created by SIS. He was particularly responsible for liaison with MI5 to ensure the legality of the body (SIS were not supposed to operate within the UK). In 1941, he became Vice-Chief of SIS but was engaged in a long-running power struggle with [[Claude Dansey]] for power within the organisation. He retired from SIS in 1951.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book\|title = Fighting Nazi Occupation: British Resistance 1939 - 1945\|last = Atkin\|first = Malcolm\|publisher = Pen and Sword\|year = 2015\|isbn = 978-1-47383-377-7\|location = Barnsley\|pages = 137–142}}</ref>		In the Summer of 1940 Vivian was one of the organisers of the British Resistance organisation created by SIS. He was particularly responsible for liaison with MI5 to ensure the legality of the body (SIS were not supposed to operate within the UK). In 1941, he became Vice-Chief of SIS but was engaged in a long-running power struggle with [[Claude Dansey]] for power within the organisation. He retired from SIS in 1951.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book\|title = Fighting Nazi Occupation: British Resistance 1939 – 1945\|last = Atkin\|first = Malcolm\|publisher = Pen and Sword\|year = 2015\|isbn = 978-1-47383-377-7\|location = Barnsley\|pages = 137–142}}</ref>

	==References==		==References==
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			[[Category:British colonels]]
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	[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War I]]		[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War I]]

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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}
{{Infobox military person
|name= Valentine Patrick Terrel Vivian
|honorific_suffix=
|birth_date={{Birth date|1886|03|17|df=yes}}
|death_date={{Death date and age|1969|04|15|1886|03|17|df=yes}}
|birth_place= [[Kensington]], England
|death_place= Lymington, England
|placeofburial=
|image=Val Vivian1.png
|caption=Colonel Valentine Vivian
|nickname=Vee-Vee (as head of Section V)
|allegiance={{flag|United Kingdom}}
|rank= [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]]
|branch={{army|United Kingdom}}
|commands=
|unit=
|battles=
{{plainlist|
*World War I (Palestine, Turkey)
*World War II (Ireland, Europe)
}}
|awards=
{{plainlist|
*Companion of the Most Distinguished [[Order of St Michael and St George]] (1947)<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=37909 |date=1 January 1947 |page=6 |supp=y}}</ref>
*[[Legion of Merit]] (Officer) (USA) (1947) <ref>{{London Gazette |issue=37909 |date=20 March 1947 |page=1312 |supp=y}}</ref>
*Commander of the [[Order of the British Empire]] (1923){{citation needed|date=October 2015}}
*Officer of the Order of the British Empire (1918)<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=30730 |date=4 June 1918 |page=6716 |supp=y}}</ref>
}}
|laterwork= Asst Superintendent of Police ([[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]]) 1906<br />Superintendent of Police ([[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]]) 1907<br>Asst Director Central Intelligence ([[British India|India]]) 1914
}}
Colonel '''Valentine Patrick Terrell Vivian''' [[Order of St Michael and St George|CMG]] [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] (1886–1969) was the vice-chief of the [[Secret Intelligence Service|SIS]] or [[MI6]] and the first head of its [[counterespionage]] unit, Section V. Vivian, while he was attempting to introduce new blood into the service, selected [[Kim Philby]], who later became notorious as [[Cambridge Five|"The Third Man"]] [[double agent]] and defected to the Russians, causing considerable harm to the system he had infiltrated.<ref name=":0">{{Cite ODNB|title=Vivian, Valentine Patrick Terrell (1886–1969), intelligence officer|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-67773|access-date=2021-05-22|year=2004|language=en|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/67773|isbn=978-0-19-861412-8|last1=Blishen|first1=A. O.}}</ref><ref>The Times Obituaries 1961–1970</ref>

==Family background==
Valentine Vivian was born on 17 March 1886 in [[Kensington]], London. He was the youngest of nine children of Tom Comely Vivian, portrait painter, and Elizabeth Baly Farquhar, miniature painter. His brother [[Sylvanus Percival Vivian|Sir Sylvanus Percival Vivian]] (1880–1958) was former [[Registrar General]] of England from 1921 to 1945.<ref>Who Was Who 1951–1960 p. 1121</ref>

In 1911, Vivian married Mary Primrose Warlow, daughter of the Venerable Edmund John Warlow, archdeacon of [[Lahore]], India.

==Early career==
Vivian joined the Indian Police (Imperial Service) in December 1906 and was posted as assistant district superintendent of police for [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], reaching the rank of assistant superintendent in November 1907, and subsequently superintendent of police for [[Ambala district|Ambala]], [[Ludhiana district|Ludhiana]], [[Jhang District|Jhang]], [[Hisar district|Hissar]], [[Sialkot]], and [[Lahore]] railway police.<ref name=":0" /> He was senior superintendent of police for the [[Delhi]] province and in October 1914 became an assistant director of central intelligence ([[Shimla|Simla]]). He retired from the Indian Police in 1925.<ref>India Office, Record of Services, p. 892, 1933</ref><ref>Who's Who 1934</ref>

In the mid-1920s, agency director [[Hugh Sinclair|Sir Hugh Sinclair]], the second "C", wanted to absorb [[MI5]], the UK's counter-intelligence agency, into the [[Secret Intelligence Service|SIS]]; when his attempt was finally rejected, in 1925, he formed the CE section, later (1939) renamed "Section V".

Between 1925 and 1931, organisational rivalries proliferated among Vivian's CE section, the domestic intelligence agency, [[MI5]], and [[Scotland Yard]]. A network of domestic agents known as the 'Casuals' had provided information to CE section. In 1930, after a series of meetings of the Special Services Committee, the Casuals were transferred to [[MI5]], where they became "M Section"; many still provided the SIS with information.

Under Vivian, Section V focused on the activities of the [[Comintern]], which Vivian initially "regarded... as a criminal conspiracy rather than a clandestine political movement". Vivian was the author of the 1932 report ([http://www.fco.gov.uk/Files/kfile/Retained%20releases%2001%202005%20%20website%20doc_.pdf FO 1093/92]) on the [[Jakob Rudnik|Hilaire Noulens]] case, but his authorship was revealed only in 1994.

During the First World War, Vivian served in the [[Indian Army]] in Turkey and Palestine.<ref name=":0" /> At one point early in his career, he served in the Department of Criminal Intelligence ([[Simla]]) in India.

== Later career ==
In the Summer of 1940 Vivian was one of the organisers of the British Resistance organisation created by SIS. He was particularly responsible for liaison with MI5 to ensure the legality of the body (SIS were not supposed to operate within the UK). In 1941, he became Vice-Chief of SIS but was engaged in a long-running power struggle with [[Claude Dansey]] for power within the organisation. He retired from SIS in 1951.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|title = Fighting Nazi Occupation: British Resistance 1939 - 1945|last = Atkin|first = Malcolm|publisher = Pen and Sword|year = 2015|isbn = 978-1-47383-377-7|location = Barnsley|pages = 137–142}}</ref>

==References==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927193354/http://www.fco.gov.uk/Files/kfile/TheRecordsofthePermanentUnderSecretarysDepartment_1.pdf ''The Records of the Permanent Under-Secretary's Department: Liaison between the Foreign Office and British Secret Intelligence, 1873-1939'', UK Foreign & Commonwealth Office, March 2005]
:See, in particular, ''"The Secret Service Committee, 1919-1931"'', Gill Bennett, Chief Historian, Foreign & Commonwealth Office; and ''"The Secret Intelligence Service and the Case of Hilaire Noulens"'', Christopher Baxter, Historian, Foreign & Commonwealth Office.
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://clutch.open.ac.uk/schools/emerson00/scu_bgrnd.html Site on UK's wartime Special Communications Unit]
:Discusses SIS director [[Stewart Menzies|Sir Stewart Menzies's]] reorganisation of units into "Headquarters" and "Foreign" divisions, including Section V
* [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/releases/2005/highlights_april/april1/foreign.htm UK National Archives releases mentioning Vivian (provides abstracts but documents must be requested directly)]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Vivian, Valentine}}
[[Category:1880 births]]
[[Category:1969 deaths]]
[[Category:British Indian Army officers]]
[[Category:Indian Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Secret Intelligence Service personnel]]
[[Category:Officers of the Legion of Merit]]
[[Category:Indian Police Service officers in British India]]
[[Category:People from Kensington]]
[[Category:World War II spies for the United Kingdom]]