ImportMaster at 08:36, 6 April 2022

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{{Infobox royalty
|name = Walagamba
|title = King of Sri Lanka
|image =
|caption =
|reign = 103 BC and c. 89–77 BC
|coronation =
|full name = Wattagamani Abhaya, Walagambahu
|predecessor = [[Dathika]]
|successor = [[Mahakuli Mahatissa of Anuradhapura|Mahakuli Mahatissa]]
|queen = Queen Consort <br/>Anuladevi<br/><br/>Royal Consort <br/>Somadevi
|spouse =
|issue = [[Chora_Naga_of_Anuradhapura|Chora Naga]]
|royal house = [[House of Vijaya]]
|dynasty =
|father = [[Saddha Tissa of Sri Lanka|Saddhatissa]]
|mother =
|birth_date =
|birth_place =
|death_date = 77 BC
|death_place =
|date of burial =
|place of burial =
| religion = [[Theravāda Buddhism]]
}}
'''Valagamba''' (Sinhala: වළගම්බා), also known as '''Wattagamani Abhaya'''<ref>{{cite book|last=Obeyesekere|first=Gananath |title=The Cult of the Goddess Pattini |year=1984 |publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=0-226-61602-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sm3xBCrA7cgC&pg=RA1-PA369 }}</ref> and '''Valagambahu''', was a king of the [[Anuradhapura Kingdom]] of [[Sri Lanka]]. Five months after becoming king, he was overthrown by a rebellion and an invasion from [[South India]], but regained the throne by defeating the invaders fourteen years later. He is also known for the construction of the [[Abhayagiri Dagaba]].

==Accession to the throne==
Valagamba was the fourth son of King [[Saddha Tissa of Anuradhapura|Saddha Tissa]], the brother of [[Dutugamunu]]. His three elder brothers, [[Thulatthana of Anuradhapura|Thulatthana]], [[Lanja Tissa of Anuradhapura|Lanja Tissa]] and [[Khallata Naga of Anuradhapura|Khallata Naga]], ruled the country before him.<ref name="mv">{{cite web|url=http://mahavamsa.org/2008/05/33-ten-kings/|title=Mahavamsa - The Ten Kings|last=Geiger|first=Wilhelm|access-date=2009-07-17}}</ref> A general of the army named Kammaharattaka (Maharattaka) killed Khallata Naga and seized power. Valagamba in turn killed Kammaharattaka and took over the throne in 103 BC.<ref name="cm">{{cite book|last=Wijesooriya|first=S.|title=A Concise Sinhala Mahavamsa|publisher=Participatory Development Forum|year=2006|isbn=955-9140-31-0}}</ref>

He adopted Mahaculika, the son of Khallatanaga, as his own son, and took Anuladevi, Mahaculika's mother, as his queen. He also had another queen named Somadevi.<ref name="mv"/>
==Rebellion, invasion and Famine ==
Five months after his coronation as king, a [[Brahmin]] in Rohana named Tissa rebelled against him. At the same time, an invading army from [[South India]] led by seven [[Tamil people|Tamil]] leaders landed in Mahatittha. Tissa and the seven Tamil leaders all sent messages to Valagamba, telling him to hand over power to them.<ref name="cm"/> Valagamba informed the Brahmin Tissa that the kingdom will be his and told him to defeat the invading army. Accepting this, Tissa tried to fight but was defeated by the Tamils.<ref name="mv"/>

After this, the seven Tamil leaders waged war against Valagamba, and defeated him in a battle at Kolambalaka. While the king was fleeing in a chariot, a [[nirgrantha]] ([[Jainism|Jain]]) named Giri shouted that the king was fleeing. Valagamba resolved to build a temple there, and later built the [[Abhayagiriya]] after he regained the throne.<ref name="mv"/> When the pursuers were gaining on them, Queen Somadevi got down from the chariot to lighten it and give the king a chance to escape, and was captured.<ref name="cm"/> The Pathra Dathu (a sacred bowl relic) was also taken to India. The five Dravidians namely Pulahatta, Bahiya, Panya Mara, Pilaya Mara and Dathika ruled Anuradhapura for 14 years although they fell out with each other with each of the five who was ruling killed by his successor.

Valagamba fled to Malayarata for safety and a monk named Kuppikkala Mahatissa helped him while he was in hiding. The king organized a large army in order to attack [[Anuradhapura]] and defeat the invading army. However, a rift between him and his ministers resulted in them leaving him and thus weakening the army.<ref name="cm"/> However, the Sangha brought about a reconciliation and Valagamba resumed his preparations for attacking Anuradhapura.<ref name="mv"/>

There was a huge drought called [[Baminitiya saya]](බැමිනිටියාසාය). Humanity in Sri Lanka has been approached to the utmost butchering since of this drought. According to early sages, the people lived in the country merely looked like just skeletons and brawn. Plagues had debut to pervade as the corpses piled, sundry of diseases transmitted across the country. Because of the anarchy, the country escalated through the history without knowing that the human exist. Buddhism had reached to the plummet of degradation in the cause of intrusions and the death of monks.

==Regaining power==
Around 89 BC, Valagamba regained the throne after defeating Dathika, the last of the invading Tamil leaders, and ruled the country for twelve years until his death in 77 BC.<ref name="sw">{{cite book|last=Siriweera|first=W. I.|title=History of Sri Lanka|publisher=Dayawansa Jayakodi & Company|year=2004|isbn=955-551-257-4}}</ref> He sent for Somadevi and restored her as queen, and built a temple named Somarama or Somawathie in her honour.<ref name="mv"/>

==Services==
[[File:SL Anuradhapura asv2020-01 img31 Abhayagiriya Stupa.jpg|thumb|The Abhayagiri Stupa, built by Valagamba]]
The king built [[Abhayagiri Dagaba]] and a [[stupa]], which has a height of about {{convert|70|m|ft}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-destinations.com/sri-lanka/anuradhapura.htm|title=Anuradhapura|publisher=Sacred Destinations|access-date=2009-07-17}}</ref> The Abhayagiri temple became one of the three main Buddhist institutions in the country. He converted the caves he was hiding in to a temple.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.srilankaview.com/dambulla_temple.htm|title = Dambulla Rock Cave Temple,Sri Lanka-Architecture,History-SLV}}</ref> This temple is known as the Dambulla Rock Temple.<ref name="sw" /> King Valagamba also built several other temples. The [[Tripitaka]], which had been handed down orally by the [[Bhikkhu]] order, was recorded on palm leaves in the Aluvihara Temple, Matale during the Fourth Buddhist Council.<ref name="el">{{cite book|last=Ellawala|first=H.|title=Social History of Early Ceylon|publisher=Department of Cultural Affairs|year=1969}}</ref>

==Religious conflict==
The Abayagiri Stupa was offered to Kuppikala Mahatissa Thero by the king to show his gratitude. This was the first time a temple was offered privately to a monk and it caused the first conflict between the Sangha when 500 Bhikkus decided to leave Mahavihara and join Abayagiriya where they created another sect. This is the first schism in Buddhism in Sri Lanka.

There is a major discrepancy between the sources which cite the death of Valagamba of Anuradhapura as occurring in 77 BC and his patronization of the effort to commit the Buddhist oral traditions to writing in the period 29 to 17 BC as cited by Norman.<ref>page 10, A History of Indian Literature, Edited by Jan Gonda, Volume VII, 1983, Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden</ref>

<blockquote>The Dipavamsa states that during the reign of Valagamba (Vattagamani Abhaya) (29–17 BC) the monks who had previously remembered the Tipitaka and its commentary orally now wrote them down in books, because of the threat posed by famine, war, and the growing power of the newly established Abhayagiri vihara, which enjoyed the king's favour. The Mahavamsa also refers briefly to the writing down of the canon and the commentaries at this time.</blockquote>

This chronology which places Vattagamani's second reign in 29–17 BC was originally devised in 1912 by Wilhelm Geiger in the preface to his translation of the Mahavamsa.<ref>The Mahavamsa, or the Great Chronicle of Ceylon, Wilhelm Geiger, PhD, under patronage of the Government of Ceylon, London for the Pali Text Society, by Henry Frowde, Oxford University Press, Amen Corner, EC 1912.</ref> This 1912 chronology does not agree with date assignments [[List of Sinhalese monarchs|calculated by later researchers into Sinhalese history]].

==Popular culture==
The Sinhala-language film ''[[Aloko Udapadi]]'' was released on 20 January 2017, describing the life of King Valagamba, [[Uddika Premarathna]] played Valagamba's character.

==See also==
* [[List of Sri Lankan monarchs]]
* [[Beminitiya Seya]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~lkawgw/gen3000.html Kings & Rulers of Sri Lanka]
* [http://lakdiva.org/codrington/ Codrington's Short History of Ceylon]

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[King of Sri Lanka]]}}
{{s-reg|}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Dathika]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Anuradhapura Kingdom|King of Anuradhapura]]|years=103 BCE and c.89–77 BCE}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Mahakuli Mahatissa of Anuradhapura|Mahakuli Mahatissa]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Monarchs of the Anuradhapura Kingdom}}
{{House of Vijaya}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Valagamba Of Anuradhapura}}
[[Category:77 BC deaths]]
[[Category:Monarchs of Anuradhapura]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Sinhalese kings]]
[[Category:House of Vijaya]]
[[Category:2nd-century BC Sinhalese monarchs]]
[[Category:1st-century BC Sinhalese monarchs]]

Valagamba of Anuradhapura - Revision history

ImportMaster at 08:36, 6 April 2022