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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Vaishali district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Bihar|District of Bihar]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_map = Bihar district location map Vaishali.svg
| map_caption =
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Hajipur
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Tirhut division|Tirhut]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 10 December 1972
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Hajipur]]<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://vaishali.nic.in/about-district |title= District headquarter of Vaishali |access-date= 3 June 2021 |archive-date= 17 May 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210517113122/https://vaishali.nic.in/about-district/ |url-status= live }} vaishali.nic.in</ref>
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| area_total_km2 = 2036
| area_rank =
| elevation_m = 51
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 3,495,021 (87th)
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 66.60%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] {{nobold|(2016)}}
| blank2_info_sec1 = {{increase}} 0.407<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ssca.org.in/media/4_2016_HDI_t1hcMZm.pdf|title=Development of Human Development Index at District Level for EAG States|date=March 2016|access-date=31 May 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213519/https://www.ssca.org.in/media/4_2016_HDI_t1hcMZm.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 1.895 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Hajipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hajipur]], [[Vaishali (Lok Sabha constituency)|Vaishali]]
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = [[Hajipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Hajipur (123)]], [[Lalganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Lalganj]], [[Vaishali (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Vaishali]], [[Mahua (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mahua]], [[Raja Pakar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Raja Pakar]], [[Raghopur, Vaishali (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Raghopur]], [[Mahnar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mahnar]], [[Patepur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Patepur]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 22 (India)|NH 22]], [[National Highway 31 (India)|NH 31]], [[National Highway 322 (India)|NH 322]]
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|http://vaishali.bih.nic.in/|Official website}}
| official_name =
| image_skyline = Budha Stupa Vaishali.jpg
| image_caption =
}}
'''Vaishali district''' is a [[district]] in [[India|indian state]] of [[Bihar]]. It is a part of [[Tirhut division]].<ref>[http://tirhut-muzaffarpur.bih.nic.in Official website of Tirhut Division] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316011819/http://tirhut-muzaffarpur.bih.nic.in/ |date=2015-03-16 }}</ref>

==History==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=7,37,793|13=1911|14=7,61,720|15=1921|16=7,37,475|17=1931|18=7,87,287|19=1941|20=8,68,565|21=1951|22=9,42,472|23=1961|24=11,33,086|25=1971|26=13,48,990|27=1981|28=16,62,527|29=1991|30=21,46,065|31=2001|32=27,18,421|33=2011|34=34,95,021|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html |title=Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901 |access-date=9 August 2019 |archive-date=8 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808131957/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html |url-status=live }}</ref>|align=right}}

===Ancient Vaishali===
{{main|Vaishali (ancient city)}}
Vaishali derives its name from [[King Vishal]]. Even before the advent of Buddhism and Jainism, Vaishali was the capital of the vibrant [[Vajji|Vajji confederation]], since before the birth of [[Mahavira]] (c. 599 BC), which suggests that it was the first republic in the world, similar to those later found in [[ancient Greece]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://p2.www.britannica.com/eb/article-9074639/Vaisali |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-12-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223225431/http://p2.www.britannica.com/eb/article-9074639/Vaisali |archive-date=2008-12-23 }}</ref> In that period, Vaishali was an ancient [[metropolis]] and the [[capital city]] of the republic of the Vajji confederation of [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]], which covered most of [[Himalayas|the Himalayan]] Gangetic region of present-day Bihar.

===Post-Independence===
Vaishali became a district when it was split from [[Muzaffarpur district|Muzaffarpur]] in 1972.<ref name="Statoids">{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | access-date = 2011-10-11 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 2011-09-25 | work = Statoids | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111017155710/http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | archive-date = 2011-10-17 }}</ref>

==Geography==
Vaishali district occupies an area of {{convert|2036|km2|sqmi}},<ref name="Reference Annual">{{cite book | last1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | pages = 1118–1119 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}</ref>

==Economy==
In 2006 the [[Ministry of Panchayati Raj]] named Vaishali one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the 38 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=8 September 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|access-date=27 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405033402/http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|archive-date=5 April 2012}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Vaishali District
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|orange|90.20}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslims]]|green|9.56}}
{{bar percent|Not Stated|black|0.15}}
{{bar percent|Christian|blue|0.06}}
{{bar percent|Sikh|olive|0.02}}
{{bar percent|Buddhist|yellow|0.01}}
{{bar percent|Jain|brown|0.01}}
}}
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Vaishali district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 3,495,021,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110611224943/http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | archive-date = 2011-06-11 }}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of opur[[Panama]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Panama 3,460,462 July 2011 est. | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110927165947/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | archive-date = 27 September 2011 }}</ref> or the US state of [[Connecticut]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|access-date=2011-09-30|quote=Connecticut 3,574,097|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019160532/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|archive-date=2013-10-19}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 86th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 1717 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 28.58%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Vaishali has a [[sex ratio]] of 892 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 66.60%.<ref name=districtcensus/>

At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 95.09% of the population in the district spoke [[Maithili language|Maithili]] and 4.80% [[Urdu]] as their first language.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html |title=2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue |access-date=26 September 2019 |archive-date=15 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815035759/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Flora and fauna==
In 1997 Vaishali district became home to the Barela Salim Ali Zubba Saheni [[Wildlife Sanctuaries in India|Wildlife Sanctuary]], which has an area of {{convert|2|km2|mi2|abbr=on|1}}.<ref name=parks>{{cite web|author=Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment|title=Protected areas: Bihar|url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm|access-date=25 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823163836/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm|archive-date=23 August 2011}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of tehsils in Vaishali district]]
*[[List of villages in Vaishali district]]
*[[Vaishali (ancient city)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://vaishali.nic.in/ Vaishali district, Official website]
* [http://gov.bih.nic.in/profile/districts/vaishali.htm Vaishali district] at Govt. of [[Bihar]], website.
* [http://tirhut-muzaffarpur.bih.nic.in Official Website of Tirhut Division]

{{Vaishali district topics }}
{{Geographic location
|Centre = Vaishali district
|North = [[Muzaffarpur district]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Samastipur district]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Patna district]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Saran district]]
|Northwest =
}}

{{Districts of Bihar}}
{{Tirhut Division}}
{{Tirhut Division topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vaishali District}}
[[Category:Vaishali district| ]]
[[Category:Tirhut division]]
[[Category:Districts of Bihar]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Bihar]]

Vaishali district - Revision history

imported>Vatsmaxed: /* top */replace, replaced: Indian road network → Roads in India