Vaisakha - Revision history

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Ajay Kumar: Created a new article

2023-09-19T13:27:39Z

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{{short description|Month in Hindu calendar}}
{{otheruses}}
{{refimprove|date=November 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox month
| image = Pohela boishakh 2.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Pohela Boishakh celebration in [[Dhaka]]
| native_name = {{Native name|sa|वैशाख}}
| calendar = [[Hindu calendar]]
| num = 2
| days =
| season = Spring
| gregorian = Mid April To Mid May
| holidays = [[Vaisakhi]]
| prev_month = [[Chaitra]]
| next_month = [[Jyeshtha (month)|Jyeshtha]]
}}
'''Vaisakha'''{{efn|{{lang-sa|वैशाख|Vaiśākha}}; {{lang-hi|बैसाख|Baisākh}}; {{lang-pa|ਵਿਸਾਖ/وساکھ }}, {{lang-te|వైశాఖ}}, {{lang-kn|ವೈಶಾಖ|Vaiśākha}}; {{lang-ml|വൈശാഖം|Vaiśākham}}; {{lang-mr|वैशाख|Vaiśākh}}; {{lang-ta|வைகாசி|Vaikāci}}; {{lang-ne|बैशाख}}, {{lang-or|ବୈଶାଖ|Baiśākh}}; {{lang-as|ব’হাগ|Bohag}}|name=|group=}} ([[Sanskrit]] : वैशाख) is a [[month]] of the [[Hindu calendar]] that corresponds to April/May in the [[Gregorian Calendar]].<ref>Henderson, Helene. (Ed.) (2005) ''Holidays, festivals, and celebrations of the world dictionary'' Third edition. Electronic edition. Detroit: Omnigraphics, p. xxix. {{ISBN|0-7808-0982-3}}</ref> In the [[Indian national calendar]], Vaisakha is the second month of the year. It is the first month of the [[Vikram Samvat]] calendar, [[Odia calendar]], [[Maithili Calendar]], [[Punjabi calendar]], [[Assamese calendar]] (where it is called ''Bohag'') and the [[Bengali calendar]] (where it is called ''[[Boishakh]]'').<ref>{{cite book|author=Boniface Mundu|title=The Silent Short Stories: A Word of Truth|date=2013|publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform|isbn=9781492173311|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Obe0AQAAQBAJ&q=Boishakh&pg=PT87}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nepcal.com/|title=Nepali Calendar - २०७४ जेष्ठ - नेपाली क्यालेन्डर|website=www.nepcal.com|access-date=2017-06-07}}</ref> This month lies between the second half of April And The First Half Of May.

Regional calendars used in the [[Indian subcontinent]] have two aspects: lunar and solar. Lunar months begin with Chaitra and solar months start with '''Vaisakha [[Sankranti]]'''. However, regional calendars mark when the official new year is celebrated. In regions such as [[Maharashtra]] which begin the official new year with the commencement of the lunar year, the solar year is marked by celebrating Vaisakha Sankranti. Conversely, regions starting the new year with Vaisakha Sankranti, give prominence to the start of the lunar year in Chaitra. In the [[Vedic]] calendar, it is called Madhava, and in the [[Vaishnav|Vaishnava]] calendar, it is called [[Madhusudanah|Madhushudana]] month.

==Overview==
In the Hindu solar calendar, Vaisakha begins in mid-April in [[Bengal]], [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]], [[Nepal]], and [[Punjab]]. In [[Tamil Nadu]], it is known as Vaikasi (mid-May to mid-June) and represents the second month of the Tamil solar calendar. The Tamil month that corresponds to Vaisakha is Chithirai (mid-April to mid-May). In the Hindu lunar calendar, Vaisakha begins with the new moon in April and represents the second month of the lunar year. The name of the month is derived from the position of the [[Moon]] near the [[Vishākhā]] constellation ("[[Nakshatra]]") on the full-moon day.<ref>{{cite news|title=Another New Year,Another Resolution|url=http://www.daily-sun.com/details_yes_13-04-2012_Another-New-Year,Another-Resolution_114__14_1_1.html|access-date=1 June 2014|publisher=daily-sun.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605051918/http://www.daily-sun.com/details_yes_13-04-2012_Another-New-Year,Another-Resolution_114__14_1_1.html|archive-date=5 June 2014}}</ref> In the [[Vaishnava]] calendar, [[Madhusudana]] governs this month.

The month of [[Boishakh]] also marks the official start of Summer. The month is notorious for the afternoon storms called '''Kalboishakhi''' (''Nor'wester'').<ref>{{cite book|author=Rajib Shaw|author2=Fuad Mallick|author3=Aminul Islam|name-list-style=amp|title=Disaster Risk Reduction Approaches in Bangladesh|date=2013|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-4-431-54252-0|page=98|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_WVIAAAAQBAJ&q=Kalboishakhi&pg=PA98}}</ref> The storms usually start with strong gusts from the north-western direction at the end of a hot day and cause widespread destruction.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kalboishakhis - Bangladesh's deadly storms|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/weather/2014/04/kalboishakhis-bangladesh-deadly-storms-20144298655771842.html|access-date=1 June 2014|publisher=aljazeera.com|date=29 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=S.M. Imamul Huq|author2=Jalal Uddin Md. Shoaib|name-list-style=amp|title=The Soils of Bangladesh|date=2013|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-94-007-1128-0|pages=15–16|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3FbnvB3_elwC&q=Kalboishakhi&pg=PA16}}</ref>

==Festivals==
[[File:Pohela boishakh 2.jpg|right|thumb|Pohela Boishakh celebration in [[Dhaka]]]]
The first day of Baishakh is celebrated as the [[Pohela Boishakh|Pôhela Boishak]] or Bangla New Year's Day. In Mithila Region it is celebrated as the [[Jur Sital]] or Mithila New Year's Day.
The day is observed with cultural programs, festivals and carnivals all around the country. The day of is also the beginning of all business activities in [[West Bengal]] and [[Bangladesh]]. The traders starts new fiscal account book called ''Halkhata''.<ref name=b2>{{cite news|author=M H Haider|title=HAL KHATA TIME-BOUND, YET TIMELESS|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/lifestyle/hal-khata-18968|access-date=1 June 2014|publisher=thedailystar.net|date=8 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Halkatha – An explanation|url=http://amaderkotha.com.bd/2014/04/07/halkatha-an-explanation/|website=amaderkotha.com.bd|access-date=1 June 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602201126/http://amaderkotha.com.bd/2014/04/07/halkatha-an-explanation/|archive-date=2 June 2014}}</ref> The accounting in the ''Halkhata'' begins only after this day. It is celebrated with sweets and gifts with customers.<ref name="b2"/>

The [[harvest festival]] of [[Vaisakhi]] is celebrated on in this month which marks the Punjabi new year according to the [[Punjabi calendar]]. [[Jallianwala Bagh]] massacre took place on the Punjabi New year day.

Vaisakha Purnima is celebrated as [[Buddha Purnima]] or the birthday of Gautama Buddha amongst Buddhists of South and Southeast Asia, Tibet and Mongolia. [[Purnima (day)|Purnima]] refers to the Full Moon. Known in [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] as Vesak, it is observed in the full moon of May.

Vaisakha sukla Panchami is celebrated as [[Adi Shankara]] birthday the great philosopher and theologian of Hinduism religion.

Vaishakha Purnima is known as "vaikasi vishakam" in Tamil Nadu which is celebrated as the birthday of Lord [[Kartikeya|Murugan]].

Vaisakha sukla chaturdasi is celebrated as [[Narasimha Jayanti]] Festival in Sri Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha Swamivari Temple at [[Simhachalam]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Nrusimha Jayanthi|title=Festivals|url=http://simhachalamdevasthanam.net/home.html#|website=Simhachalam Devasthanam|access-date=24 June 2016}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Shukla Paksha
! Krishna Paksha
|-
| 1. [[Prathama (day)|Prathama]]
| 1. Prathama
|-
| 2. [[Dwitiya]]
| 2. Dwitiya
|-
| 3. [[Tritiya]]
| 3. Tritiya
|-
| 4. [[Chaturthi]]
| 4. Chaturthi
|-
| 5. [[Panchami]]
| 5. Panchami
|-
| 6. [[Shashti]]
| 6. Shashti
|-
| 7. [[Saptami]]
| 7. Saptami
|-
| 8. [[Ashtami]]
| 8. Ashtami
|-
| 9. [[Navami]]
| 9. Navami
|-
| 10. [[Dashami]]
| 10. Dashami
|-
| 11. [[Ekadashi]]
| 11. Ekadashi
|-
| 12. [[Dwadashi]]
| 12. Dwadashi
|-
| 13. [[Thrayodashi]]
| 13. Thrayodashi
|-
| 14. [[Chaturdashi]]
| 14. Chaturdashi
|-
| 15. [[Purnima (day)|Purnima]]
| 15. [[Amavasya]]
|}

==See also==

* [[Astronomical basis of the Hindu calendar]]
*{{Annotated link|Boishakh}}
* {{Annotated link|Vaisakhi}}
* {{Annotated link|Vesākha}}
* {{Annotated link|Besakih Temple}}
* {{Annotated link|Hindu units of measurement}}
* {{Annotated link|Hindu astronomy}}
* {{Annotated link|Jyotish}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

{{Hindu calendar}}
{{Indian astronomy}}

[[Category:Months of the Hindu calendar|*02]]