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	~~[[File:Vbappu.jpg\|thumb\|A photograph of M.K.V. Bappu.]]~~
	'''Manali Kallat Vainu Bappu''' (10 August 1927 – 19 August 1982) was an Indian astronomer and president of the [[International Astronomical Union]]. Bappu helped to establish several astronomical institutions in India, including the [[Vainu Bappu Observatory]] which is named after him, and he also contributed to the establishment of the modern [[Indian Institute of Astrophysics]]. In 1957, he discovered the [[Wilson-Bappu effect]] jointly with American astronomer [[Olin Chaddock Wilson]].		'''Manali Kallat Vainu Bappu''' (10 August 1927 – 19 August 1982) was an Indian astronomer and president of the [[International Astronomical Union]]. Bappu helped to establish several astronomical institutions in India, including the [[Vainu Bappu Observatory]] which is named after him, and he also contributed to the establishment of the modern [[Indian Institute of Astrophysics]]. In 1957, he discovered the [[Wilson-Bappu effect]] jointly with American astronomer [[Olin Chaddock Wilson]].

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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
[[File:Vbappu.jpg|thumb|A photograph of M.K.V. Bappu.]]
'''Manali Kallat Vainu Bappu''' (10 August 1927 – 19 August 1982) was an Indian astronomer and president of the [[International Astronomical Union]]. Bappu helped to establish several astronomical institutions in India, including the [[Vainu Bappu Observatory]] which is named after him, and he also contributed to the establishment of the modern [[Indian Institute of Astrophysics]]. In 1957, he discovered the [[Wilson-Bappu effect]] jointly with American astronomer [[Olin Chaddock Wilson]].

On 2 July 1949, when Bappu was taking pictures of the night sky, he spotted a bright moving object which he had rightfully understood to be a [[comet]]. When he turned to his professor, [[Bart Bok]], and colleague Gordon Newkirk, they confirmed the discovery. They calculated the orbit of the comet which revealed that the comet would reappear only after 60,000 years.

The International Astronomical Union officially named the comet as the Bappu-Bok-Newkirk comet (C/1949N1). Bappu also received the Donohoe Comet Medal of the [[Astronomical Society of the Pacific]].

This is the only comet with an Indian name.

==Early life==
Vainu Bappu was born on 10 August 1927, in [[Chennai]], as the only child of Manali Kukuzhi Bappu and Kallat Sunanna Bappu.<ref name=Bhattacharya/> His family originally hails from [[Thalassery]] in [[Kerala]]. His father was an astronomer at the Nizamiah Observatory in [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name=Bhattacharya/> He attended the [[Harvard|Harvard Graduate School of Astronomy]] for his [[PhD]] after obtaining postgraduate degree from the [[Madras University]].<ref name=Bhattacharya/>

==Discoveries==
Bappu, along with two of his colleagues, discovered the 'Bappu-Bok-Newkirk' comet.<ref name=gov-india>[http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/dream/dec99/article1.htm ''Indian Astronomy : From Jantar-Mantar to Kavalur''], Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.</ref> He was awarded the Donhoe Comet-Medal by the [[Astronomical Society of the Pacific]] in 1949.<ref name=Bhattacharya>Bhattacharyya, J. C. (2002), "M K Vainu Bappu", ''Resonance'', '''7''' (8), Springer India.</ref>

In a paper published in 1957, American astronomer [[Olin Chaddock Wilson]] and Bappu had described what would later be known as the [[Wilson-Bappu effect]].<ref name=Kuhi253/> The effect as described by L.V. Kuhi is: 'The width of the Ca II emission in normal, nonvariable, G, K, and M stars is correlated with the visual absolute magnitude in the sense that the brighter the star the wider the emission.'<ref name=Kuhi253>Kuhi, L. V., "The Wilson-Bappu Effect in T Tauri Stars", ''Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific'', '''77''' (457): 253.</ref> The paper opened up the field of stellar chromospheres for research.<ref name=Ind-Ast/>

==Vainu Bappu Observatory==
[[File:Kodaikanal Solar Observatory-b.jpg|thumb|Solar Tunnel Telescope at the [[Kodaikanal Solar Observatory]]. Bappu served as head of the observatory in 1960.<ref name=Ind-Ast>''[http://www.iiap.res.in/vbappu M.K. Vaina Bappu]'', [[Indian Institute of Astrophysics]].</ref>]]

On his return to India, Bappu was appointed to head a team of astronomers to build an observatory at [[Nainital]].<ref name=Bhattacharya/> His efforts of building an indigenous large [[optical telescope]] and a research observatory led to the founding of the optical observatory of [[Javadi Hills|Kavalur]] and its large telescope.<ref name=gov-india/><ref name=Ind-Ast/> The [[Vainu Bappu Observatory]] is one of the main observatories of the [[Indian Institute of Astrophysics]], also initiated in its modern avatar by Bappu in 1971.<ref name=Ind-Ast/> Later, a number of discoveries were made from the Vainu Bappu Observatory.<ref name=gov-india-quote>At Kavalur the first observations with an indigenously built 38 cm telescope were made in late 1967. In Kavalur, the one-metre Zeiss telescope was installed in 1972, and the very next month, during an occultation event, scientists discovered a trace of atmosphere on Ganymede, the largest satellite of [[Jupiter]]. Five years later the same telescope discovered the rings of [[Uranus]]. -- [http://vigyanprasar.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/December1999English12.pdf ''Indian Astronomy : From Jantar-Mantar to Kavalur''], Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.</ref>

==Career overview==

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
! Post !! Institution
|-
| Honorary Foreign Fellow || Belgium Academy of Sciences<ref name=Bhattacharya/>
|-
| Honorary Member || [[American Astronomical Society]]<ref name=Bhattacharya/>
|-
| Vice-President || [[International Astronomical Union]] (1967–73)<ref name=Bhattacharya/>
|-
| President || International Astronomical Union (1979)<ref name=Bhattacharya/>
|}

==See also==
* [[Extragalactic Distance Scale]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Physical Science}}
{{Scientific Research in Kerala}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1980–89}}
{{Padma Award winners of Kerala}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bappu, Vainu}}
[[Category:1927 births]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:Indian astrophysicists]]
[[Category:1982 deaths]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering]]
[[Category:People from Thalassery]]
[[Category:Scientists from Kerala]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian astronomers]]

Vainu Bappu - Revision history

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