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{{Redirect|Vadakkumnathan|the Malayalam film|Vadakkumnadhan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2013}}
{{coord|10|31|27.98|N|76|12|51.8|E|region:IN|display=title}}
{{Infobox Mandir
| name = Vadakkumnathan Temple
| image = File:വടക്കുംനാഥക്ഷേത്രം-തെക്കേഗോപുരം.jpg
| alt =
| caption = South Nada entrance of Vadakkumnathan Temple
| map_type = 
| map_caption = Location in Kerala
| coordinates =
| other_names =
| country = {{Flag|India}}
| state = [[Kerala]]
| district = [[Thrissur district]]
| location = [[Thrissur]]
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Shiva]] <br> [[Parvati]] <br> [[Shankaranarayana]] <br> [[Rama]]
| festivals = [[Maha Shivaratri]] <br> [[Thiruvathira]]
| architecture = ([[Architecture of Kerala|Kerala style]])
| temple_quantity = 3
| monument_quantity= 1
| inscriptions =
| year_completed = Unknown
| creator = [[Parashurama]]
| website =
}}

'''Vadakkumnathan Temple''' is an ancient [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to [[Shiva]] at city of [[Thrissur]], of [[Kerala state]] in [[India]]. This temple is a classical example of the architectural style of [[Kerala]] and has one [[Gopuram|monumental tower]] on each of the four sides in addition to a [[Koothambalam|kuttambalam]]. Mural paintings  depicting various scenes from the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' can be seen inside the temple.<ref name="Vadakkumnathan Temple">{{cite web
|url=http://thrissur.nic.in/vadakkumnathan.asp
|title=Vadakkumnathan Temple
|publisher=Thrissur District
|access-date=2010-10-06}}</ref><ref name="Thrissur Pooram">{{cite web
|url = http://www.keralatourism.org/event/event.php?id=709067232
|title = Thrissur Pooram
|publisher = Kerala Tourism
|access-date = 2010-10-06
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120314145704/http://www.keralatourism.org/event/event.php?id=709067232
|archive-date = 14 March 2012
|url-status = dead
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref><ref name="dtpcthrissur.com">{{cite web
|url=http://www.dtpcthrissur.com/culture.html
|title=Vadakkumnathan Temple
|publisher=DTPC Thrissur
|access-date=2010-10-06}}</ref> The [[shrines]] and the ''Kuttambalam'' display vignettes carved in wood. The temple, along with the mural paintings, has been declared as a National Monument by [[India]] under the [[AMASR Act]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_kerala.asp
|title=Alphabetical List of Monuments - Kerala
|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India
|access-date=2010-10-06}}</ref> According to popular local lore, this is the first temple built by [[Parasurama]], the sixth [[avatara]] of [[Vishnu]]. [[Thekkinkadu Maidan]], encircling the Vadakkunnathan Temple, is the main venue of the renowned [[Thrissur Pooram]] festival.<ref name="Vadakkumnathan Temple"/><ref name="Thrissur Pooram"/>

In the year 2012 the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI) has recommended 14 sites, including Vadakkumnathan Temple and palaces, from [[Kerala]] to include in the list of [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Sites]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/thrissur-temple-may-be-world-heritage-site/240711-62-126.html
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325012610/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/thrissur-temple-may-be-world-heritage-site/240711-62-126.html
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=2012-03-25
|title=Kerala: Vadakkumnathan temple may be UNESCO's world heritage site
|publisher=ibnlive.in.com
|access-date=2013-03-08}}</ref> The temple is also the first one among the 108 Shiva Temples in ancient Kerala, established by Parasurama.

==Legend==
Legends regarding the origins of the Vadakkumnathan Temple are briefly narrated in the ''[[Brahmanda Purana]]'' and these legends are referenced in some other works as well.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vadakkunnathan Temple – Discovering India.Net|url=http://discoveringindia.net/vadakkunnathan-temple/|access-date=2020-09-09|language=en-US}}</ref> Though these accounts differ with respect to certain details, they are all in agreement regarding the central theme that the temple was founded by [[Parashurama]]. According to lore, Parashurama exterminated [[Kshatriya]]s in twenty-one cycles. In order to cleanse himself of the negative karma of these deeds he performed a [[yajna]] at the end of which he gave away all the land to [[Brahmins]] as [[dakshina]]. He wanted to retire to a new land to perform meditative penance ([[Tapas (Sanskrit)|tapasya]]) and thus requested the Lord of the oceans [[Varuna]] to bring forth a new piece of land from the waters.

[[File:Sreemoola sthanam.jpg|thumb|right| The famous ''Sri Mula Sthana'' where, for some time, the linga of [[Shiva]] remained. Later, the ruler of [[Kochi Kingdom]] decided to shift the linga to a more convenient place and enclose it in a good temple.]]

According to another version, some sages approached him at the end of the yajna and requested him to give them some secluded land. Parashurama then requested Varuna on their behalf. Varuna gave him a [[winnow (surpa)]] and asked him to hurl it into the sea; as he did so, a large area of land was brought from the sea; this region of land that arose from the sea become [[Kerala]]. It was then known by the name "Surparaka", from the word, "Surpa" meaning winnow.

According to some other accounts, Varuna asked Parashurama to hurl his axe into the sea. Parashurama now wanted to consecrate this new land. So he went to [[Mount Kailasa]] to his [[guru]], Lord [[Shiva]] and requested him to take abode in Kerala and thereby bless the region. Shri Shiva accompanied by his wife [[Parvati]], his sons [[Ganesha]] and [[Subrahmanya]] and his parashadas went along with Parashurama, to oblige his disciple. Shiva stopped at a spot, which is now [[Thrissur]], for his seat. Later he and his party disappeared and [[Parashurama]] saw a bright and radiant [[Lingam|Shiva lingam]] (non-anthropomorphic icon of Shiva) at the foot of a huge [[Banyan|banyan tree]]. This place where Shiva manifested his presence as a lingam is known in [[Sanskrit]] as the ''Sri Moola Sthana''.

For sometime, the lingam remained at ''Sri Moola Sthana'' at the foot of a huge banyan tree. The ruler of [[Cochin Kingdom]] then decided to shift the lingam to a more appropriate place and construct a temple around it. Arrangements were soon made for the new installation. But there was an initial difficulty. The lingam could not be removed without cutting off a large part of the banyan tree. This created the risk of damaging the lingam due to falling branches. As the ruler and the others remained confounded, the Yogatirippadu came forward with a solution. He lay over the lingam so as to cover it completely with his body and asked the men to cut the tree. The cutting began and to everyone's astonishment, not a single branch of the tree fell anywhere near the deity. The deity was moved according to prescribed rituals and installed in the new place where it remains to this day. Subsequently, a temple was built around the deity, according to the rules specified in the [[Shastra]]s.
<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.vadakkumnathantemple.com/vadakkumnathan-shiva-temple-history.html
|title=History of Vadakkumnathan Shiva Temple
|publisher=Hindu Devotional Blog
|access-date=2012-07-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.vaikhari.org/vadakkunnatha.html
|title=Dakshina Kailasam Thrissivaperoor Sree Vadakkunnatha Temple
|publisher=Vaikhari
|access-date=2012-07-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://temples.newkerala.com/Temples-of-India/Temples-of--Kerala-Vadakkunnathan-Temple.html
|title=Temples of Kerala- Vadakkunnathan Temple
|publisher=New Kerala.com
|access-date=2012-07-30}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Plan of the Hindu temple at Trichur.jpg|200px|left|thumb|Map of City of [[Thrissur]] with Vadakkunnathan Temple prepared by [[John Gould]] in 1816]]
The temple was built at the time of [[Perumthachan]] from [[Parayi petta panthirukulam]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-28|title=VADAKKUMNATHAN TEMPLE|url=http://keralamuralpainting.com/vadakkumnathan-temple/|access-date=2020-09-09|website=Kerala Mural Painting|language=en-US}}</ref> It is said that Perumthachan lived during the second century; so the [[Koothambalam]] may be more than 1,600 years old. According to [[Malayalam]] historian [[V. V. K. Valath]], the temple was a pre-Dravidian ''Kavu'' (shrine). In the early days, [[Paramekkavu]] Bhagavathi was also situated inside the Vadakkunnathan temple. Subsequently, a new temple was built outside and the idol of the goddess was moved to that location. For comparison, [[Koodalmanikyam Temple]], [[Kodungallur Bhagavathy Temple]] and [[Ammathiruvadi Temple]], [[Urakam]] are older than the Vadakkunnathan temple, according to temple documents.<ref>{{cite book
|author=V V K Valath (1992)
|title=Keralathile Sthalacharithrangal: Thrissur Jilla, p. 217
|publisher=Kerala Sahithya Akadamy, Thrissur}}</ref>
Some suggest that there have also been influences from Buddhist and Jain temples.

===Yogiatiripppads===
The [[Nambudiri]]s who were entrusted with looking after temple affairs were called Yogiatiripppads. When Nambudiris gained control of the region, the temple also came under their domain. The Yogiatiripppads were elected from Thrissur desam. Prior to [[Sakthan Thampuran]]'s reign, the Yogiatiripppad system declined. Later, the [[Maharaja of Cochin]] gained presiding authority over the temple.

===Adi Shankara===
[[Adi Shankara]] is believed to have been born (788 AD) to Shivaguru and Aryamba of [[Kalady]] consequent to their prayers to lord Vadakkumnathan, as ''[[Avatar|amsavatara]]'' of Shiva. The couple devoutly prayed for 41 days at the temple. Legend has it that Shiva appeared to the couple in their dreams and offered them a choice. They could have either a mediocre son who would live a long life or an extraordinary son who would die early. Both Shivaguru and Aryamba chose the latter. In honour of Shiva, they named their son Shankara.<ref>{{cite book
| last =Tapasyananda
| first =Swami
| year = 2002
| title = Sankara-Dig-Vijaya
| pages=14
}}
</ref><ref>{{cite book
| last =Tapasyananda
| first =Swami
| year = 2002
| title = Sankara-Dig-Vijaya
| pages=17
}}
</ref> According to legend, [[Adi Shankara]] attained ''[[videha mukti]]'' ("freedom from embodiment") at the Vadakkunnathan temple. One narrative as expounded by the ''Keraliya Shankaravijaya'', identifies the temple as his place of death.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Tapasyananda
| first = Swami
| year = 2002
| title = Sankara-Dig-Vijaya
| pages= xxv–xxxv
| no-pp = true
}}
</ref> He also established four Mutts at Thrissur, famously known as [[Edayil Madhom]], [[Naduvil Madhom]], [[Thekke Madhom]] and [[Vadakke Madhom]]
[[File:55Trichur Temple Main Entrance.jpg|250px|left|thumb|A rare picture of main entrance of Vadakkunnathan Temple taken in 1913 seen from [[Swaraj Round]] from Illustrated Guide to the South Indian Railway, printed by Hoe and Coat the 'Premier Press'.]]

===Invasion of Tipu Sultan===
During the invasion of [[Tipu Sultan]], the temple was not attacked by Tipu's Army.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Life-Admin|date=2016-01-19|title=Vadakkumnathan Temple|url=http://www.lifenliving.org/heritage/vadakkumnathan-temple/|access-date=2020-09-09|website=Life and Living|language=en-US}}</ref> Even though [[Tipu Sultan]] destroyed many temples in [[Thrissur district]] at that time, he never touched Vadakkunnathan Temple. According to historical accounts, when [[Tipu Sultan]] was marching towards the [[Travancore]] lines, known locally as [[Nedumkotta]], he had a short stay at [[Thrissur]] city from 14 to 29 December 1789. In order to feed his Army, he had borrowed cooking vessels from Vadukanthan Temple. Before leaving [[Thrissur]] city, he not only returned the vessels, but presented the temple with a large bronze lamp.<ref>{{cite book
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hkbJ6xA1_jEC&q=cooking+vessels%2C+Vadakkunnathan+Temple&pg=PA363
|title=History of Tipu Sultan
|publisher=Mohibbul Hasan
|access-date=2013-10-20|isbn=9788187879572
|year=2005
}}</ref>

===Zamorin of Calicut===
During 1750 to 1762, the temple affairs were conducted by [[Zamorin of Calicut]] who attacked [[Thrissur]] city and took control of the temple and the city. In 1762 with the help of [[Kingdom of Travancore]], [[Maharaja of Cochin]] regained control over [[Thrissur]] city and the temple.

===Sakthan Thampuran===
When [[Sakthan Thampuran]] (1751–1805), ascended the throne of [[Kingdom of Cochin]], he changed the capital of [[Kingdom of Cochin]] from [[Thripunithura]] to [[Thrissur]] city as the King had a personal relationship with Vadakkunnathan Temple. He later cleared the [[teak]] forest around the temple and introduced the famous [[Thrissur Pooram]] festival. The King's personal interest in the temple also changed the fortune of the city.

==Structure==
The temple is situated on an elevated hillock in the centre of [[Thrissur]] City and is surrounded by a massive stone wall enclosing an area of nearly {{convert|9|acre|m2}}. Inside this fortification, there are four [[gopuram]]s facing four cardinal directions. Between the inner temple and the outer walls, there is a spacious compound, the entrance to which is through gopurams. Of these, the gopurams on the south and north are not open to the public. The public enter either through the east or west gopuram. The inner temple is separated from the outer temple by a broad circular granite wall enclosing a broad corridor called ''Chuttambalam''. Entrance into the inner temple is through a passage through the corridor.

==Deities==
[[File:VadakkumnathanTemple.JPG|250px|left|thumb|Interior of Vadakkunnathan Temple and in the right side is the world-famous [[Koothambalam]]]].

The main deity of this temple,
Lord [[Shiva]], is worshipped in the form of a huge [[lingam]], which is covered by a mound of [[ghee]], formed by the daily ''[[abhisheka]]m'' (ablution) with ghee over the years. A devotee looking into the [[Garbhagriha|sanctum]] can now see only a {{convert|16|ft|m|adj=mid|-high}} mound of ghee embellished with thirteen cascading crescents of gold and three serpent hoods on top. According to traditional belief, this represents the snow-clad [[Mount Kailash]], the abode of Shiva. This is the only temple where the lingam is not visible.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} It is said that the ghee offered here for centuries does not have any foul odour and it does not melt even during summer.

In the outer temple, there are shrines for [[Krishna]] (Gosala Krishna; or Gopala Krishna; Krishna as a cowherd), Shiva's bull [[vahana]] (vehicle) [[Nandi (bull)|Nandikeswara]], Parashurama, Simhodara, [[Ayyappa]] (Shiva's son, especially venerated in Kerala), Vettekkaran (Shiva as a hunter), [[Serpent deities]] and [[Adi Shankara]]. Outside the main temple, there are shrines for Lord [[Subrahmanya]] and Lord [[Ganapathi]]. Located on the verandah of the ''Nalambalam'' is a large white bull Nandikeswara. It is in the northern side that the main sanctum, a circular structure with Shiva facing west and behind him, Parvati facing east, denoting their combined form [[Ardhanarishvara]], is made. The two-storied rectangular shrine of the god [[Rama]] facing west is located in the south. Between these two sanctums (''srikovil''s) stands a third one, circular and double-storied in shape, which is dedicated to [[Harihara|Shankaranarayana]], the combined form of Shiva and [[Vishnu]], facing west. There are ''[[mandapa|mukhamandapams]]'' (halls) in front of all the three central shrines.<ref>[http://www.keralahistory.ac.in/templetradition.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060826094713/http://www.keralahistory.ac.in/templetradition.htm |date=26 August 2006 }} Kerala-History</ref> The two important murals in the temple, ''Vasukisayana'' and ''Nrithanatha'' ([[Nataraja]]), are worshipped regularly. Ganesha shrine is positioned facing the temple kitchen. The offering of [[Appam]] (sweetened rice cake fried in ghee) to him is one of the most important offerings at the temple. Propitiating him here is believed to be a path to prosperity and wealth.

==Architecture==
[[File:Vadakkumnathan plan- Sanctum sanctorum.png|500px|thumbnail|left|Layout of Sanctum sanctorums in Vadakkumnatha Temple]]

===Murals===
The temple is famous for the rarity of the temple murals, of which the Vasukishayana and [[Nataraja|Nrithanatha]] murals are of great importance and are worshipped daily.<ref name="Archaeology Daily">{{cite web
|url = http://www.archaeologydaily.com/news/201008244893/Murals-of-reclining-Shiva-Nataraja-with-20-arms-found-at-Thrissur-temple.html
|title = Murals of reclining Shiva, Nataraja with 20 arms found at Thrissur temple
|publisher = Archaeology Daily
|access-date = 2010-10-06
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100828190954/http://www.archaeologydaily.com/news/201008244893/Murals-of-reclining-Shiva-Nataraja-with-20-arms-found-at-Thrissur-temple.html
|archive-date = 28 August 2010
|url-status = dead
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref> The temple also houses a museum of ancient wall paintings, wood carvings and art pieces of ancient times.<ref name="Archaeology Daily"/> A study done by [[Archaeological Survey of India]] on two paintings in the temple has revealed that it is 350 years old. These two rare paintings were a reclining Shiva and a [[Nataraja]] with 20 arms.

===Koothambalam===
The temple theatre, known as [[Koothambalam]], has four magnificent gateways called ''Gopurams'' and the lofty masonry wall around the temple quadrangle are imposing pieces of craftsmanship and skill. The [[Koothambalam]] is used for staging [[Koothu]], [[Nangyar Koothu]] and [[Koodiyattam]], an ancient ritualistic art forms of Central [[Kerala]]. According to folk lore, before the new [[Koothambalam]] was built, there used to be an old and dilapidated structure. The then Diwan [[T. Sankunni Menon]] ordered to demolish the structure and construct a new [[Koothambalam]]. He gave this task to Velanezhy [[Nambudiri]], a famous ''Thachushasthranjan'' or master craftsman. He prepared a mental sketch and built a beautiful [[Koothambalam]] there. ''Velanezhy Illom'' is in Venganellur Gramam, [[Chelakkara]] town.

==Festivals==

===Maha Shivaratri===
[[Maha Shivaratri]] is the main festival which is celebrated in the temple.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/06/stories/2007020608120300.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110042436/http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/06/stories/2007020608120300.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=2012-11-10
|title=Sivaratri celebrations at Vadakkumnathan temple
|access-date=2011-07-04
|location=Chennai, India
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|date=2007-02-06}}</ref> Cultural and musical programmes are held in the temple premises. Around one lakh temple lamps (hundred thousand)are lighted in the festival. The idol of Vadakkumnatha is not taken out for procession. On this day, there will he continuous [[abhishekam]] with [[ghee]] and tender [[coconut]]. The temple is not closed in the night, and there will be special poojas with abhishekam on the day.

[[File:Vadakkumnathan Temple.jpg|250px|left|thumb|Vadakkumnathan Temple's Thekke Gopura Vathil lighted up during the [[Maha Shivaratri]] festival]].

===Aanayoottu===
The [[Aanayoottu]] of feeding of elephants, is the second biggest festival held in the temple. The devotees refer to elephants as Lord [[Ganesh]]'s incarnation. The festival falls on the first day of the month of Karkkidakam (timed against the [[Malayalam calendar]]), which coincides with the month of July. It has been the regular annual practice at the temple for the last 20 years to conduct a large-scale ''Ashta Dravya Maha Ganapathy Havana'' and ''[[Aanayoottu]]'' on the first day of the Karkidakom month of the [[Malayalam calendar]]. It involves a number of unadorned elephants being positioned amid a multitude of people for being worshipped and fed. A large number of people throng the temple to feed the elephants. ''Gajapooja'' also is conducted once every four years.

===[[Thrissur Pooram]]===
Thrissur Pooram is called the mother of all Poorams in Kerala. In Malayalam it's called "poorangalude pooram". This is conducted in the Malayalam month of Medam. The deities from Parmekavu and Thiruvambady temple along with other small poorams come engage in festivities in front of Vadakkumanathan. It's a 36 long hour festival which attracts thousands of enthusiasts from all over the state as well as visitors from other regions and abroad. The main attractions of Pooram are Madathilavaravu panchavadhyam, Elanjithara melam, Kudamattam and Vedikettu. The festival is a visual feast for all those who enjoy it.

==Names==
{{more citations needed|date=September 2016}}
[[Shiva]] here is more popularly known as ''Vadakkunnathan'' (Sanskrit ''Vrishabhachala'' -Tamil ''Vidaikunrunathan'' ''Vidai'' - Vrishabha, ''kunru'' - chala ). The [[Sanskrit]] ''Vrishabha'' refers to [[Nandi (bull)|Nandi]] represented as a mound or hill. The town of [[Thrissur]] thus also derives a name ''Vrishabhadripuram''. The [[Malayalam]] ''Vadakkumnathan'' literally translated, means ''The Lord of the North'', who resides in Kailasam (The Himalayas) which is in the northern side of India.

==Temple timings==
The temple opens daily at 04:00 AM, closes at 10:00 AM, reopens at 04:30 PM and closes at 8.20 PM after 'Trippuka', the last rite of the day.<ref name="dtpcthrissur.com"/> Three poojas are performed daily. No deities are taken outwards to procession. Everytime the nada opens, there is niyamavedi (timing fire).

==Order of Darshan in the Temple==
{{more citations needed|date=January 2018}}
Traditionally, the devotees follow a special order for praying in the inner and outer sanctums of the temple.

===Order of Darshan in the outer sanctum===
# Sreemoolasthanam
# Goshalakrishnan
# Nandikeshwara
# Parashurama
# Simhodara
# Kashivishwanatha- to be viewed from the altar placed a little to the north of Simhodara
# Sambhukumbham
# Bow to Chidambaranadha at the small platform at the south-east corner.
# Bow to Sethunadha of Rameshwaram looking Eastwards.
# From the south gopurma bow to Kodungallur Bhagavathi.
# From the platform at the south- west corner look south and pray to Sangameshwara of Koodalmanikyam
# From the same platform bow to Oorakathamma Thiruvadi
# Look at the domes/ thazhikakkudam of Vadakkunnadhan, Shankaranarayanan and Sri Rama and bow
# The one comes upon a flat granite slab called Vyasashila on a platform on which one must write 'Hari Sree Ganapathaye Namah'
# Ayyappa or Shastha
# Vettekkaran (Relocated in 2006)
# Samadhi of Adi Shankaracharya marked by a Shankha and Chakra
# Adi Shankara.
# Vrishabha
# Vasukishayanam painting. Also known as Phanivarashayana. One of the rarest murals in which Lord Shiva is depicted resembling Lord Vishnu's Ananthashayana form.
# Nruthanadha painting
# Subrahmanya at Manikantanaal (Optional)

===The order of Darshan in the inner sanctum of the temple===
# Lord Vadakkunnadhan (1)
# Devi Sri Parvati (1)
# Lord Ganapathy (1)
# Lord Shankaranarayana (1)
# Lord Sri Rama (1)
# Lord Shankaranarayana (2)
# Lord Ganapathy (2)
# Devi Sri Parvati (2)
# Lord Vadakkunnadhan (2)
# Lord Ganapathy (3)
# Lord Shankaranarayana (3)
# Lord Sri Rama (2)
# Lord Shankaranarayana (4)
# Lord Sri Rama (3)
# Lord Shankaranarayana (5)
# Lord Ganapathy (4)
# Devi Sri Parvati (4)
# Lord Vadakkunnadhan (4)

==See also==
* [[108 Shiva Temples]]
* [[Temples of Kerala]]
* [[Hindu temples in Thrissur Rural]]

==References==
{{commons category}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Hindu temples in Kerala}}
{{Shaivism}}
{{Shiva temples}}
{{Thrissur topics}}

[[Category:108 Shiva Temples]]
[[Category:Shiva temples in Kerala]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Thrissur]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Thrissur]]
[[Category:UNESCO Asia-Pacific Heritage Awards winners]]
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Kerala]]
[[Category:Thrissur Pooram]]

Vadakkunnathan Temple - Revision history

imported>Arjunullas at 11:57, 29 July 2021