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2025-12-23T09:25:43Z

Content refined for better accuracy

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:55, 23 December 2025
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			{{Short description\|Song}}
			{{redirect\|Thacholi Othenan\|the film\|Thacholi Othenan (film)}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2019}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2019}}
	{{Use Indian English\|date=September 2019}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=September 2019}}
	'''Vadakkan Pattukal''' (~~literally, ''~~the ~~songs~~ of the north'') are a collection of [[Malayalam]] [[ballad]]s from the medieval period. The songs present stories of heroes such as Aromal Chekavar and [[Thacholi Othenan]], and heroines like		'''Vadakkan Pattukal''' ({{Literal translation\|the ballads of the north}}) are a collection of [[Malayalam]] [[ballad]]s from the medieval period (12th-20th century).{{sfnp\|Menon\|2011\|p=81}}{{sfnp\|Narayanan\|2003\|p=20}} The genre as a whole represents the [[Rasa (aesthetics)\|sentiment]] of ''vira'', or the heroic, through its depictions of "valour and sacrifice."<ref>{{cite book \|title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections \|date=1997 \|publisher=Sahitya Akademi \|isbn=978-81-260-0365-5 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&q=Tiya&pg=PA316 \|language=en}}</ref>
	[[Unniyarcha]]. The stories centre ~~round~~ the fortunes of two families, ~~'''~~Puthooram family~~'''~~ and ~~'''~~Thacholi Manikkoth~~'''~~ family. Though two families belong to two different communities [[~~Thiyyar history~~\|Thiyyar]] and [[Nair]] respectively, they ~~share in common the~~ martial traditional. The chief among the Thiyyar chieftains of ~~puthooram~~ was Aromal ~~chekavar~~, who had \| killed by Chanthu in his first duel (Ankam). His sister Attumanamel ~~unniyarcha~~, is equally adept in the use of arms. The exploits of the Nair chieftain Thacholi Othenan belonging to the Thacholi family form the theme of several ballads. ~~Thacholi Chandu~~, ~~Palattu Komappan~~, ~~Putumada Kelu~~, ~~Karumparambil Kannan are some~~ of ~~the~~ other ~~warriors who figure in the ballads~~. <ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&q=Tiya&pg=PA316\|title = Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections\|isbn = 9788126003655\|last1 = Ayyappa Paniker\|first1 = K.\|year = 1997}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=My8DEAAAQBAJ&q=Chekavan&pg=PT42\|title = Jumbos and Jumping Devils: A Social History of Indian Circus\|isbn = 9780190992071\|last1 = Nisha\|first1 = P. R.\|date = 12 June 2020}}</ref> They exemplify the heights of folk-poetry and are also sometimes associated with deities. Almost all these ballads show strong connections ~~with~~ [[Kalaripayattu]]. The oldest compositions do not date earlier than 16th century but their idiom and vocabulary ~~seems~~ older.<ref name = "Vada1">Sujit Mukherjee, A Dictionary of Indian Literature (Orient Longman Publications, 1998, {{ISBN\|81-250-1453-5}}), page 406</ref>{{qn\|date=June 2020}}<ref name = "vada2">Vadakkan and Thekkan Pattukal.(Sri Rama Vilasom Press, 1967), pages 128–148</ref>{{qn\|date=June 2020}} However, like any other oral cultural forms that are sung by communities even today, these songs show great flexibility and a repetitive pattern in their lexicon that is typical of the simplicity of folksongs in general.<ref> Rakhava Warrier, Vadakkan pattukalude Paniyala 1982 Vallathol Vidhyapeedom Press</ref>{{pn\|date=June 2020}}{{qn\|date=June 2020}}
			==Contents==
			The songs present stories of heroes such as [[Aromal Chekavar]] and [[Thacholi Othenan]], and heroines like [[Unniyarcha]]. The stories centre around the fortunes of two families, Puthooram family and Thacholi Manikkoth family. Though the two families belong to two different castes or communities, [[Tiyyar\|Thiyyar]] and [[Nair]] respectively, they have a shared martial traditional. The chief among the Thiyyar chieftains of Puthooram was [[Aromal Chekavar]], who had been killed by his cousin Chanthu Chekavar in his first duel (Ankam) by deceit. His sister, Attumanamel Unniyarcha, is equally adept in the use of arms. The exploits of the Nair chieftain, Thacholi Othenan, belonging to the Thacholi family, form the theme of several ballads. The last duel Othenan fought was with his own guru, called Mathiloor Gurukkal, who was from the [[Kaniyar\|Ganaka]] caste. Thandasseri Chappan, who was the best friend and all time companion of Othenan, was from Thiyyar caste. They always travel together and fight together. Vadakkan Patt also talks about other strong women like Poomathayi Ponnamma.<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&q=Tiya&pg=PA316\|title = Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections\|isbn = 9788126003655\|last1 = Ayyappa Paniker\|first1 = K.\|year = 1997}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=My8DEAAAQBAJ&q=Chekavan&pg=PT42\|title = Jumbos and Jumping Devils: A Social History of Indian Circus\|isbn = 9780190992071\|last1 = Nisha\|first1 = P. R.\|date = 12 June 2020}}</ref> They exemplify the heights of folk-poetry and are also sometimes associated with deities. Almost all these ballads show strong connections to [[Kalaripayattu]]. The oldest compositions do not date earlier than 16th century but their idiom and vocabulary seem older.<ref name = "Vada1">Sujit Mukherjee, A Dictionary of Indian Literature (Orient Longman Publications, 1998, {{ISBN\|81-250-1453-5}}), page 406</ref>{{qn\|date=June 2020}}<ref name = "vada2">Vadakkan and Thekkan Pattukal.(Sri Rama Vilasom Press, 1967), pages 128–148</ref>{{qn\|date=June 2020}} However, like any other oral cultural forms that are sung by communities even today, these songs show great flexibility and a repetitive pattern in their lexicon that is typical of the simplicity of folksongs in general.<ref> Rakhava Warrier, Vadakkan pattukalude Paniyala 1982 Vallathol Vidhyapeedom Press</ref>{{pn\|date=June 2020}}{{qn\|date=June 2020}}

	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}

			==Sources==
			{{refbegin}}
			<!-- M -->
			* {{Cite book \| last =Menon \| first=A. Sreedhara \| date =4 March 2011 \| title =Kerala History and its Makers \| publisher =D C Books \| isbn =978-81-264-3782-5 \| language =en \| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=wnAjqjhc1VcC \| access-date =10 October 2021}}
			<!-- N -->
			* {{Citation \| last =Narayanan \| first =M.T. \| year =2003 \| title =Agrarian Relations in Late Medieval Malabar \| publisher =Northern Book Centre}}
			{{refend}}

	{{Malayalam Literature \|state=collapsed}}		{{Malayalam Literature \|state=collapsed}}
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	[[Category:Indian folk songs]]		[[Category:Indian folk songs]]
	[[Category:Ezhava]]		[[Category:Ezhava]]
	[[Category:Malayalam~~-language songs~~]]		[[Category:Songs in Malayalam]]
	[[Category:Malayalam-language literature]]		[[Category:Malayalam-language literature]]
	[[Category:Kerala folklore]]		[[Category:Kerala folklore]]

->Indielov at 05:59, 20 December 2021

2021-12-20T05:59:01Z

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
'''Vadakkan Pattukal''' (literally, ''the songs of the north'') are a collection of [[Malayalam]] [[ballad]]s from the medieval period. The songs present stories of heroes such as Aromal Chekavar and [[Thacholi Othenan]], and heroines like
[[Unniyarcha]]. The stories centre round the fortunes of two families, '''Puthooram family''' and '''Thacholi Manikkoth''' family. Though two families belong to two different communities [[Thiyyar history|Thiyyar]] and [[Nair]] respectively, they share in common the martial traditional. The chief among the Thiyyar chieftains of puthooram was Aromal chekavar, who had | killed by Chanthu in his first duel (Ankam). His sister Attumanamel unniyarcha, is equally adept in the use of arms. The exploits of the Nair chieftain Thacholi Othenan belonging to the Thacholi family form the theme of several ballads. Thacholi Chandu, Palattu Komappan, Putumada Kelu, Karumparambil Kannan are some of the other warriors who figure in the ballads. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&q=Tiya&pg=PA316|title = Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections|isbn = 9788126003655|last1 = Ayyappa Paniker|first1 = K.|year = 1997}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=My8DEAAAQBAJ&q=Chekavan&pg=PT42|title = Jumbos and Jumping Devils: A Social History of Indian Circus|isbn = 9780190992071|last1 = Nisha|first1 = P. R.|date = 12 June 2020}}</ref> They exemplify the heights of folk-poetry and are also sometimes associated with deities. Almost all these ballads show strong connections with [[Kalaripayattu]]. The oldest compositions do not date earlier than 16th century but their idiom and vocabulary seems older.<ref name = "Vada1">Sujit Mukherjee, A Dictionary of Indian Literature (Orient Longman Publications, 1998, {{ISBN|81-250-1453-5}}), page 406</ref>{{qn|date=June 2020}}<ref name = "vada2">Vadakkan and Thekkan Pattukal.(Sri Rama Vilasom Press, 1967), pages 128–148</ref>{{qn|date=June 2020}} However, like any other oral cultural forms that are sung by communities even today, these songs show great flexibility and a repetitive pattern in their lexicon that is typical of the simplicity of folksongs in general.<ref> Rakhava Warrier, Vadakkan pattukalude Paniyala 1982 Vallathol Vidhyapeedom Press</ref>{{pn|date=June 2020}}{{qn|date=June 2020}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Malayalam Literature |state=collapsed}}
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|title = [[North Malabar]]
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{{North Malabar}}
{{Places of interest in North Malabar}}
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[[Category:Ballads]]
[[Category:Indian folk songs]]
[[Category:Ezhava]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language songs]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language literature]]
[[Category:Kerala folklore]]

Vadakkan Pattukal - Revision history

Tox Digital: Content refined for better accuracy

->Indielov at 05:59, 20 December 2021