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{{Indic glyph |letname = Va |previousletter = La |nextletter = Śa |devacp = 0935 |devaimg = Devanagari v.svg |bengcp = 09AC | bengimg=Bengali Letter Ba.svg |gurucp = 0A35 |gujrcp = 0AB5 |oryacp = 0B35 |tamlcp = 0BB5 |tamlimg = Tamil-alphabet-வவ.svg |telucp = 0C35 |kndacp = 0CB5 |mlymcp = 0D35 |sinhcp = 0DC0 |thaicp = 0E27 |laoocp = 0EA7 |tibtcp = 0F5D |tibt2cp = 0FAD |mymrcp = 101D |tglgcp = 170F |hanocp = 172F |buhdcp = 174F |tagbcp = 176F |khmrcp = 179C |limbcp = 1918 |talecp = 195D |talucp = 199B |talu2cp = 199E |bugicp = 1A13 |lanacp = 1A45 |balicp = 1B2F |sundcp = 1B9D |batkcp = 1BCB |lepccp = 1C1F |sylocp = A81B |phagcp = A853 |saurcp = A8AE |kalicp = A920 |rjngcp = A940 |javacp = A9AE |chamcp = AA25 |tavtcp = AAAA |tavt2cp = AAAB |mteicp = ABCB

|kharcp = 10A2C |kthicp = 110AB |soracp = 110DA |cakmcp = 11124 |mahjcp = 1116F |shrdcp = 111AE |khojcp = 11228 |sindcp = 112DB |grancp = 11335 |tirhcp = 114AB |modicp = 1162A |takrcp = 116A6

|brahcp = 1102F |kushanaimg = Gupta ashoka v.svg |guptaimg = Gupta allahabad v.svg| ashokaimg = Brahmi v.svg
|tochimg = Tocharian letter va.gif
|toch2img = Tocharian letter và.gif |brahletname = Brahmi 'V'
|siddcp = 115AA |siddimg = Siddham v.svg |siddletname = Siddhaṃ 'Va'
|ipa = ʋ |iast = v |iscii = D4
|note=The Bengali and Syloti Nagri characters are cognate to Va in other Indic scripts, but are used as the letter "Ba".

|multcp = 112A4 |newacp = 11430 |dogrcp = 11826 |diakcp = 11929 |nandcp = 119CA |zanbcp = 11A2D |soyocp = 11A7E |pauccp = 11AC6 |bhkscp = 11C2A |marccp = 11C85 |marcalt = 11CA5 |gonmcp = 11D28 |gongcp = 11D6D |makacp = 11EEF


}}

'''Va''' or '''Wa''' is a consonant of Indic abugidas. In modern Indic scripts, Va is derived from the early "[[Ashoka]]" Brahmi letter [[Image:Brahmi v.svg|13px|ng]] after having gone through the [[Gupta script|Gupta]] letter [[File:Gupta allahabad v.svg|13px]]. It is generally romanized as "Va" in scripts for [[Indic languages]], but as "Wa" in many scripts for other language families.

==Āryabhaṭa numeration==

{{further|Āryabhaṭa numeration}}

[[Aryabhata]] used Devanagari letters for numbers, very similar to the [[Greek numerals]], even after the invention of [[Indian numerals]]. The values of the different forms of व are:<ref name="Ifrah">{{cite book|last=Ifrah|first=Georges|title=The Universal History of Numbers. From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer|year=2000|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=New York|isbn=0-471-39340-1|pages=447–450}}</ref>
*व {{IPA-hi|ʋə|}} = 60 (६०)
*वि {{IPA-hi|ʋɪ|}} = 6,000 (६ ०००)
*वु {{IPA-hi|ʋʊ|}} = 600,000 (६ ०० ०००)
*वृ {{IPA-hi|ʋri|}} = 60,000,000 (६ ०० ०० ०००)
*वॢ {{IPA-hi|ʋlə|}} = 6{{e|9}} (६×१०९)
*वे {{IPA-hi|ʋe|}} = 6{{e|11}} (६×१०११)
*वै {{IPA-hi|ʋɛː|}} = 6{{e|13}} (६×१०१३)
*वो {{IPA-hi|ʋoː|}} = 6{{e|15}} (६×१०१५)
*वौ {{IPA-hi|ʋɔː|}} = 6{{e|17}} (६×१०१७)

==Historic Va==
There are three different general early historic scripts - [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]] and its variants, [[Kharosthi|Kharoṣṭhī]], and [[Tocharian alphabet|Tocharian]], the so-called ''slanting Brahmi''. Va as found in standard [[Brahmi]], [[Image:Brahmi v.svg|13px|Va]] was a simple geometric shape, with variations toward more flowing forms by the Gupta [[Image:Gupta allahabad v.svg|13px|Va]]. The Tocharian Va [[Image:Tocharian letter va.gif|18px|Va]] had an alterante [[Tocharian alphabet#Script|Fremdzeichen]] form, [[Image:Tocharian letter và.gif|18px|Va]]. The third form of va, in Kharoshthi ([[file:Буква VА (незалежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi letter VA.svg|15px|Va]]) was probably derived from Aramaic separately from the Brahmi letter.

===Brahmi Va===

The Brahmi letter [[Image:Brahmi v.svg|13px|Va]], Va, is [[Brahmi script#origin|probably derived]] from the Aramaic [[Waw (letter)|Waw]] [[File:Waw.svg|13px]], and is thus related to the modern Latin [[F]], [[V]], [[U]], [[W]], [[Y]], and Greek [[Upsilon]].<ref name="Buhler">{{cite web |last1=Bühler |first1=Georg |title=On the Origin of the Indian Brahmi Alphabet |url=https://archive.org/details/onoriginofindian00bhuoft/page/n3/mode/2up |website=archive.org |publisher=Karl J. Trübner |access-date=10 June 2020}}</ref> Several identifiable styles of writing the Brahmi Va can be found, most associated with a specific set of inscriptions from an artifact or diverse records from an historic period.<ref>[[:File:Brahmi script consonants according to James Prinsep March 1838.jpg|Evolutionary chart]], Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol 7, 1838 [https://archive.org/stream/journalofasiatic775asia#page/n101]</ref> As the earliest and most geometric style of Brahmi, the letters found on the [[Edicts of Ashoka]] and other records from around that time are normally the reference form for Brahmi letters, with vowel marks not attested until later forms of Brahmi back-formed to match the geometric writing style.

{|class="wikitable"
|+Brahmi Va historic forms
|-
!Ashoka ([[Brahmi script#Early Brahmi or "Ashokan Brahmi" (3rd-1st century BCE)|3rd-1st c. BCE]]) !! Girnar (~150 BCE) !! Kushana ([[Brahmi script#Middle Brahmi or "Kushana Brahmi" (1st–3rd centuries CE)|~150-250 CE]]) !! Gujarat (~250 CE) !! Gupta ([[Gupta script|~350 CE]])
|-
| [[File:Brahmi v.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta girnar v.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta ashoka v.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta gujarat v.svg|37px]] || [[Image:Gupta allahabad v.svg|37px]]
|}

===Tocharian Va===

The Tocharian letter [[Image:Tocharian letter va.gif|25px|Va]] is derived from the Brahmi [[Image:Brahmi v.svg|13px|Va]], and has an alternate Fremdzeichen form [[Image:Tocharian letter và.gif|25px|Vä]] used in conjuncts and as an alternate representation of Vä.

{|class="wikitable"
|+Tocharian Va with vowel marks
|-
! Va !! Vā !! Vi !! Vī !! Vu !! Vū !! Vr !! Vr̄ !! Ve !! Vai !! Vo !! Vau !! Vä !! Fremdzeichen
|-
| [[File:Tocharian letter va.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter vaa.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter vi.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter vii.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter vu.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter vuu.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter vr.gif|37px]] ||  || [[File:Tocharian letter ve.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter vai.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter vo.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter vau.gif|37px]] || [[File:Tocharian letter vä.gif|37px]] || [[Image:Tocharian letter và.gif|37px]]
|}

===Kharoṣṭhī Va===

The Kharoṣṭhī letter [[file:Буква VА (незалежний знак). Письмо кхароштхі. Kharoshthi letter VA.svg|15px|Va]] is generally accepted as being derived from the Aramaic [[Waw (letter)|Waw]] [[File:Waw.svg|13px]], and is thus related to [[F]], [[V]], [[U]], [[W]], [[Y]], and [[Upsilon]], in addition to the Brahmi Va.<ref name="Buhler"/>

==Devanagari Va==

{{main|Devanagari va}}
{{Devanagari abugida sidebar}}
'''Va''' ('''व''') is a consonant of the [[Devanagari]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi v.svg|13px|ka]], after having gone through the [[Gupta script|Gupta]] letter [[File:Gupta allahabad v.svg|13px]]. Letters that derive from it are the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] letter '''વ''', and the [[Modi alphabet|Modi]] letter 𑘪.

===Devanagari-using Languages===
In all languages, व is pronounced as {{IPA-hi|və|}} or {{IPAblink|v}} when appropriate. Like all Indic scripts, Devanagari uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:

{|class="wikitable"
|+ Devanagari व with vowel marks
|-
! Va !! Vā !! Vi !! Vī !! Vu !! Vū !! Vr !! Vr̄ !! Vl !! Vl̄ !! Ve !! Vai !! Vo !! Vau !! V
|-style="font-size: 150%;"
|व
|वा
|वि
|वी
|वु
|वू
|वृ
|वॄ
|वॢ
|वॣ
|वे
|वै
|वो
|वौ
|व्
|}



===Conjuncts with व===
[[File:Devanagari Va half form.svg|thumb|right|100px|Half form of Va.]]
Devanagari exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts. In modern Devanagari texts, most conjuncts are formed by reducing the letter shape to fit tightly to the following letter, usually by dropping a character's vertical stem, sometimes referred to as a "half form". Some conjunct clusters are always represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters. Vertically stacked conjuncts are ubiquitous in older texts, while only a few are still used routinely in modern Devanagari texts. The use of ligatures and vertical conjuncts may vary across languages using the Devanagari script, with [[Marathi language|Marathi]] in particular preferring the use of half forms where texts in other languages would show ligatures and vertical stacks.<ref name="KNAB">{{cite web |last1=Pall |first1=Peeter |title=Microsoft Word - kblhi2 |url=https://www.eki.ee/knab/lat/kblhi2.pdf |website=Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed |publisher=Eesti Keele Instituudi kohanimeandmed |access-date=19 June 2020}}</ref>

====Ligature conjuncts of व====
True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Devanagari are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include [[Na (Indic)#Devanagari Na|Na]] and the [[Ra (Indic)#Devanagari Repha|Repha]] and [[Ra (Indic)#Devanagari Rakar|Rakar]] forms of Ra. [[Nepali language|Nepali]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]] texts use the "eyelash" Ra half form [[Image:Devanagari Eyelash Ra.svg|15px|Ra]] for an initial "R" instead of repha.

* Repha र্ (r) + व (va) gives the ligature rva: {{ref|note|note}}
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct RVa.svg|100px]]
* Eyelash र্ (r) + व (va) gives the ligature rva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct Eyelash RVa.svg|125px]]
* व্ (v) + न (na) gives the ligature vna:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct VNa.svg|100px]]
* व্ (v) + rakar र (ra) gives the ligature vra:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct VRa.svg|100px]]
* द্ (d) + ध্ (dʱ) + व (va) gives the ligature ddʱva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DDhVa.svg|100px]]
* द্ (d) + व (va) gives the ligature dva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DVa.svg|100px]]
* द্ (d) + व্ (v) + य (ya) gives the ligature dvya:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DVYa.svg|100px]]
* Repha र্ (r) + द্ (d) + व (va) gives the ligature rdva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct RDVa.svg|100px]]

====Stacked conjuncts of व====
Vertically stacked ligatures are the most common conjunct forms found in Devanagari text. Although the constituent characters may need to be stretched and moved slightly in order to stack neatly, stacked conjuncts can be broken down into recognizable base letters, or a letter and an otherwise standard ligature.

* ब্ (b) + व (va) gives the ligature bva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct BVa.svg|100px]]
* छ্ (cʰ) + व (va) gives the ligature cʰva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct ChVa.svg|100px]]
* च্ (c) + व (va) gives the ligature cva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct CVa.svg|100px]]
* ढ্ (ḍʱ) + व (va) gives the ligature ḍʱva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdhVa.svg|100px]]
* ड্ (ḍ) + व (va) gives the ligature ḍva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct DdVa.svg|100px]]
* ह্ (h) + व (va) gives the ligature hva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct HVa.svg|100px]]
* झ্ (jʰ) + व (va) gives the ligature jʰva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct JhVa.svg|100px]]
* ज্ (j) + ज্ (j) + व (va) gives the ligature jjva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct JJVa.svg|100px]]
* ख্ (kʰ) + व (va) gives the ligature kʰva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct KhVa.svg|100px]]
* क্ (k) + त্ (t) + व (va) gives the ligature ktva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct KTVa.svg|100px]]
* क্ (k) + व (va) gives the ligature kva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct KVa.svg|100px]]
* ळ্ (ḷ) + व (va) gives the ligature ḷva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct LlVa.svg|100px]]
* ल্ (l) + व (va) gives the ligature lva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct LVa.svg|100px]]
* ङ্ (ŋ) + व (va) gives the ligature ŋva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct NgVa.svg|100px]]
* ञ্ (ñ) + व (va) gives the ligature ñva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct NyVa.svg|100px]]
* फ্ (pʰ) + व (va) gives the ligature pʰva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct PhVa.svg|100px]]
* Repha र্ (r) + स্ (s) + व (va) gives the ligature rsva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct RSVa.svg|100px]]
* श্ (ʃ) + व (va) gives the ligature ʃva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct ShVa.svg|100px]]
* ष্ (ṣ) + ट্ (ṭ) + व (va) gives the ligature ṣṭva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct SsTtVa.svg|100px]]
* स্ (s) + व (va) gives the ligature sva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct SVa.svg|100px]]
* ठ্ (ṭʰ) + व (va) gives the ligature ṭʰva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TthVa.svg|100px]]
* ट্ (ṭ) + व (va) gives the ligature ṭva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TtVa.svg|100px]]
* त্ (t) + त্ (t) + व (va) gives the ligature ttva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TTVa.svg|100px]]
* त্ (t) + व (va) gives the ligature tva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct TVa.svg|100px]]
* व্ (v) + ब (ba) gives the ligature vba:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct VBa.svg|100px]]
* व্ (v) + च (ca) gives the ligature vca:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct VCa.svg|100px]]
* व্ (v) + छ (cʰa) gives the ligature vcʰa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct VCha.svg|100px]]
* व্ (v) + ड (ḍa) gives the ligature vḍa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct VDda.svg|100px]]
* व্ (v) + ग (ga) gives the ligature vga:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct VGa.svg|100px]]
* व্ (v) + ज (ja) gives the ligature vja:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct VJa.svg|100px]]
* व্ (v) + ज্ (j) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature vjña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct VJNya.svg|100px]]
* व্ (v) + क (ka) gives the ligature vka:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct VKa.svg|100px]]
* व্ (v) + ल (la) gives the ligature vla:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct VLa.svg|100px]]
* व্ (v) + ङ (ŋa) gives the ligature vŋa:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct VNga.svg|100px]]
* व্ (v) + ञ (ña) gives the ligature vña:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct VNya.svg|100px]]
* व্ (v) + व (va) gives the ligature vva:
[[File:Devanagari Conjunct VVa.svg|100px]]

==Bengali Va==

The Bengali script ব is derived from the [[Siddhaṃ]] [[Image:Siddham v.svg|13px]], and is marked by a similar horizontal head line, but less geometric shape, than its Devanagari counterpart, व. Unlike many of its cognates in other Indic scripts, ব is primarily identified as the /b/ consonant, especially as an independent consonant. It tends to have no inherent pronunciation itself when in a non-head position of a conjuct conjunct, often serving as an indication of gemination (doubling) of the preceding consonant sound, although there are a few words where it retains its /b/ pronunciation.

Like all Indic consonants, ব can be modified by marks to indicate another (or no) vowel than its inherent "a".

{|class="wikitable"
|+ Bengali ব with vowel marks
|-
! ba !! bā !! bi !! bī !! bu !! bū !! br !! br̄ !! be !! bai !! bo !! bau !! b
|-style="font-size: 150%;"
|ব
|বা
|বি
|বী
|বু
|বূ
|বৃ
|বৄ
|বে
|বৈ
|বো
|বৌ
|ব্
|}

===ব in Bengali-using languages===

ব is used as a basic consonant character in all of the major Bengali script orthographies, including [[Bengali alphabet|Bengali]] and [[Assamese alphabet|Assamese]].

===Conjuncts with non-head ব===

Bengali ব exhibits conjunct ligatures, as is common in Indic scripts, with a tendency towards stacked ligatures. When used as the head (first) consonant in a conjunct, ব is normally pronounced as /b/.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Bengali Alphabet|url=http://tesseractindic.googlecode.com/files/wb069conjuncts.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928021705/http://tesseractindic.googlecode.com/files/wb069conjuncts.pdf|archive-date=2013-09-28}}</ref>{{see also|Ba (Indic)#Conjuncts with head ব}}

====Bengali Va-phala====
[[File:Bengali Letter Va-phala.svg|thumb|right|50px|Bengali Va-phala]]
Like [[Ra (Indic)#Bengali Ra-phala|Ra]] and [[Ya (Indic)#Bengali Ya-phala|Ya]], the Bengali Va is almost always realized in a reduced form called "Va phala" (vo pholo) when found as the final consonant of a conjunct. This reduced form is appended at the bottom of a vertical stem, or otherwise attached at the bottom of a preceding consonant or conjunct.

* ভ্ (bʰ) + ব (va) gives the ligature bʰva:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct BHva.svg |100px]]
* চ্ (c) + ছ্ (cʰ) + ব (va) gives the ligature ccʰva:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Cchva.svg |100px]]
* চ্ (c) + ব (va) gives the ligature cva:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Cva.svg |100px]]
* ড্ (ḍ) + ব (va) gives the ligature ḍva:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct DDva.svg |100px]]
* দ্ (d) + দ্ (d) + ব (va) gives the ligature ddva:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Ddva.svg |100px]]
* দ্ (d) + ব (va) gives the ligature dva:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Dva.svg |100px]]
* গ্ (g) + ব (va) gives the ligature gva:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Gva.svg |100px]]
* জ্ (j) + জ্ (j) + ব (va) gives the ligature jjva:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Jjva.svg |100px]]
* জ্ (j) + ব (va) gives the ligature jva:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Jva.svg |100px]]
* খ্ (kʰ) + ব (va) gives the ligature kʰva:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct KHva.svg |100px]]
* ক্ (k) + শ্ (ʃ) + ব (va) gives the ligature kʃva:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Kshva.svg |100px]]
* ক্ (k) + ব (va) gives the ligature kva:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Kva.svg |100px]]
* ল্ (l) + ব (va) gives the ligature lva:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Lva.svg |100px]]
* {{anchor|mva}}ম্ (m) + ব (va) gives the ligature mva:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Mva.svg |100px]]
* ন্ (n) + দ্ (d) + ব (va) gives the ligature ndva:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Ndva.svg |100px]]
* ন্ (n) + ত্ (t) + ব (va) gives the ligature ntva:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Ntva.svg |100px]]
* ন্ (n) + ব (va) gives the ligature nva:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Nva.svg |100px]]
* র্ (r) + দ্ (d) + ব (va) gives the ligature rdva, with [[Ra (Indic)#Bengali Repha|repha]] in addition to va phala:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Rdva.svg |100px]]
* র্ (r) + শ্ (ʃ) + ব (va) gives the ligature rʃva, with repha in addition to va phala:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Rshva.svg |100px]]
* শ্ (ʃ) + ব (va) gives the ligature ʃva:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct SHva.svg |100px]]
* ষ্ (ṣ) + ব (va) gives the ligature ṣva:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct SSva.svg |100px]]
* স্ (s) + ত্ (t) + ব (va) gives the ligature stva:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Stva.svg |100px]]
* স্ (s) + ব (va) gives the ligature sva:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Sva.svg |100px]]
* থ্ (tʰ) + ব (va) gives the ligature tʰva:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct THva.svg |100px]]
* ট্ (ṭ) + ব (va) gives the ligature ṭva:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct TTva.svg |100px]]
* ত্ (t) + ত্ (t) + ব (va) gives the ligature ttva:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Ttva.svg |100px]]
* ত্ (t) + ব (va) gives the ligature tva:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Tva.svg |100px]]

====Other ব conjuncts====
A few letters conjoin with ব by keeping it in its full form instead of the reduced Va-phala.

* ধ্ (dʱ) + ব (va) gives the ligature dʱva with full-form va:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct DHva.svg |100px]]
* র্ (r) + ধ্ (dʱ) + ব (va) gives the ligature rdʱva, with repha:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Rdhva.svg |100px]]
* ম্ (m) + ব্ (v) + র (ra) gives the ligature mvra, with the [[ra phala]] suffix. Note that this is a different base conjunct than [[#mva|mva]], above:
[[File:Bengali Conjunct Mvra.svg |100px]]

==Gujarati Va==

[[File:Gujarati letter Va.svg|thumb|right|100px|Gujarati Va.]]
'''Va''' ('''વ''') is the twenty-ninth consonant of the [[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] [[abugida]]. It is derived from the Devanagari Va [[Image:Devanagari v.svg|13px|Va]] with the top bar (shiro rekha) removed, and ultimately the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi v.svg|13px|Va]].

===Gujarati-using Languages===
The Gujarati script is used to write the [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and [[Kutchi language|Kutchi]] languages. In both languages, વ is pronounced as {{IPA-gu|və|}} or {{IPAblink|v}} when appropriate. Like all Indic scripts, Gujarati uses vowel marks attached to the base consonant to override the inherent /ə/ vowel:

{| class=wikitable style="width: 40em;"
|-
! style="width:6%;"| Va !! style="width:7%;"| Vā !! style="width:6.5%;"| Vi !! style="width:7%;"| Vī !! style="width:4.5%;"| Vu !! style="width:5%;"| Vū !! style="width:4.5%;"| Vr !! style="width:5%;"| Vl !! style="width:5%;"| Vr̄ !! style="width:5%;"| Vl̄ !! style="width:4.5%;"| Vĕ !! style="width:4.5%;"| Ve !! style="width:5%;"| Vai !! style="width:7%;"| Vŏ !! style="width:7%;"| Vo !! style="width:6%;"| Vau !! style="width:7%;"| V
|- align="center"
| colspan=17 |[[File:Gujarati Va Matras.svg|750px]]
|-
| colspan=17 |Gujarati Va syllables, with vowel marks in red.
|}

===Conjuncts with વ===
[[File:Gujarati letter Va half form.svg|thumb|right|100px|Half form of Va.]]
Gujarati વ exhibits conjunct ligatures, much like its parent Devanagari Script. Most Gujarati conjuncts can only be formed by reducing the letter shape to fit tightly to the following letter, usually by dropping a character's vertical stem, sometimes referred to as a "half form". A few conjunct clusters can be represented by a true ligature, instead of a shape that can be broken into constituent independent letters, and vertically stacked conjuncts can also be found in Gujarati, although much less commonly than in Devanagari.

True ligatures are quite rare in Indic scripts. The most common ligated conjuncts in Gujarati are in the form of a slight mutation to fit in context or as a consistent variant form appended to the adjacent characters. Those variants include [[Na (Indic)#Gujarati Na|Na]] and the [[Ra (Indic)#Gujarati Repha|Repha]] and [[Ra (Indic)#Gujarati Rakar|Rakar]] forms of Ra.

* ર્ (r) + વ (va) gives the ligature RVa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct RVa.svg|100px]]

* વ્ (v) + ર (ra) gives the ligature VRa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct VRa.svg|100px]]

* ટ્ (ʈ) + વ (va) gives the ligature ṬVa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct TtVa.svg|100px]]

* ડ્ (ɖ) + વ (va) gives the ligature ḌVa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct DdVa.svg|100px]]

* દ્ (d) + વ (va) gives the ligature DVa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct DVa.svg|100px]]

* વ્ (v) + ન (na) gives the ligature VNa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct VNa.svg|100px]]

* શ્ (ʃ) + વ (va) gives the ligature ŚVa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct ShVa.svg|100px]]

* હ્ (h) + વ (va) gives the ligature HVa:
[[File:Gujarati conjunct HVa.svg|100px]]

==Javanese Va==
{{main|Va (Javanese)}}

==Telugu Va==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Telugu letter Va.svg
| alt1 = Telugu Va
| image2 = Telugu subjoined Va.svg
| alt2 = Telugu subjoined Va
| footer = Telugu independent and subjoined Va.
}}
'''Va''' ('''వ''') is a consonant of the [[Telugu script|Telugu]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi v.svg|13px|V]]. It is closely related to the [[Kannada script|Kannada]] letter '''ವ'''. Most Telugu consonants contain a v-shaped headstroke that is related to the horizontal headline found in other Indic scripts, although headstrokes do not connect adjacent letters in Telugu. The headstroke is normally lost when adding vowel matras.

Telugu conjuncts are created by reducing trailing letters to a subjoined form that appears below the initial consonant of the conjunct. Many subjoined forms are created by dropping their headline, with many extending the end of the stroke of the main letter body to form an extended tail reaching up to the right of the preceding consonant. This subjoining of trailing letters to create conjuncts is in contrast to the leading half forms of Devanagari and Bengali letters. Ligature conjuncts are not a feature in Telugu, with the only non-standard construction being an alternate subjoined form of [[Ṣa (Indic)#Telugu Ṣa|Ṣa]] (borrowed from [[Kannada script|Kannada]]) in the KṢa conjunct.

==Malayalam Va==
[[File:Malayalam letter Va.svg|thumb|100px|Malayalam letter Va]]

'''Va''' ('''വ''') is a consonant of the [[Malayalam script|Malayalam]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi v.svg|13px|V]], via the [[Grantha script|Grantha]] letter [[Image:Grantha letter Va.svg|x15px|Va]] ''Va''. Like in other Indic scripts, Malayalam consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

[[File:Malayalam Va matras.svg|thumb|center|550px|Malayalam Va matras: Va, Vā, Vi, Vī, Vu, Vū, Vr̥, Vr̥̄, Vl̥, Vl̥̄, Ve, Vē, Vai, Vo, Vō, Vau, and V.]]

===Conjuncts of വ===
As is common in Indic scripts, Malayalam joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. There are several ways in which conjuncts are formed in Malayalam texts: using a post-base form of a trailing consonant placed under the initial consonant of a conjunct, a combined ligature of two or more consonants joined together, a conjoining form that appears as a combining mark on the rest of the conjunct, the use of an explicit [[candrakkala]] mark to suppress the inherent "a" vowel, or a special consonant form called a "chillu" letter, representing a bare consonant without the inherent "a" vowel. Texts written with the modern reformed Malayalam orthography, ''put̪iya lipi'', may favor more regular conjunct forms than older texts in ''paḻaya lipi'', due to [[Malayalam#Orthography reform|changes]] undertaken in the 1970s by the [[Government of Kerala]].

* വ് (v) + വ (va) gives the ligature vva:
[[File:Malayalam conjunct VVa.svg]]

==Odia Wa==
{{multiple image
| width = 100px
| image1 = Odia letter Wa.svg
| alt1 = Odia independent letter a
| image2 = Odia subjoined Ba.svg
| alt2 = Odia subjoined letter Wa
| footer = Odia independent and subjoined letter Wa.
}}

'''Wa''' ('''ୱ''') is a consonant of the [[Odia script|Odia]] [[abugida]]. It ultimately arose from the [[Brahmi]] letter [[Image:Brahmi v.svg|13px|]], via the [[Siddhaṃ script|Siddhaṃ]] letter [[Image:Siddham v.svg|x15px|Va]] ''Va''. Like in other Indic scripts, Odia consonants have the inherent vowel "a", and take one of several modifying vowel signs to represent syllables with another vowel or no vowel at all.

{| class=wikitable
|+ Odia Wa with vowel matras
|-
! Wa !! Wā !! Wi !! Wī !! Wu !! Wū !! Wr̥ !! Wr̥̄ !! Wl̥ !! Wl̥̄ !! We !! Wai !! Wo !! Wau !! W
|-
| {{big|ୱ}} || {{big|ୱା}} || {{big|ୱି}} || {{big|ୱୀ}} || {{big|ୱୁ}} || {{big|ୱୂ}} || {{big|ୱୃ}} || {{big|ୱୄ}} || {{big|ୱୢ}} || {{big|ୱୣ}} || {{big|ୱେ}} || {{big|ୱୈ}} || {{big|ୱୋ}} || {{big|ୱୌ}} || {{big|ୱ୍}}
|}

As is common in Indic scripts, Odia joins letters together to form conjunct consonant clusters. The most common conjunct formation is achieved by using a small subjoined form of trailing consonants. Most consonants' subjoined forms are identical to the full form, just reduced in size, although a few drop the curved headline or have a subjoined form not directly related to the full form of the consonant. Wa shares its subjoined form with [[Ba (Indic)#Odia Ba|Ba]], called "Ba Phala" or "Wa Phala" depending on its pronunciation in context. Ba is the character normally used for the /w/ and /v/ sounds of the letter Wa. ୱ generates conjuncts only by subjoining and does not form ligatures.



==References==
{{reflist}}
::{{note|note|note}} Conjuncts are identified by [[IAST]] transliteration, except aspirated consonants are indicated with a superscript "h" to distinguish from an unaspirated cononant + [[Ha (Indic)|Ha]], and the use of the IPA "ŋ" and "ʃ" instead of the less dinstinctive "ṅ" and "ś".

{{Devanagari_abugida}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Va (Indic)}}
[[Category:Indic letters]]

Va (Indic) - Revision history

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