V. T. Bhattathiripad - Revision history

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	==See also==		==See also==
	~~{{Portal\|India\|Literature}}~~
	{{Div col}}		{{Div col}}
	* [[Kerala reformation movement]]		* [[Kerala reformation movement]]

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	== Legacy ==		== Legacy ==
	~~[[File:VT Bhattathirippadu.jpg\|thumb\|left\|alt=Bhattathiripad\|V T Bhattathiripad at advanced age]]~~
	The principal contribution of Bhattathiripad was in the emancipation of [[Namboothiri]] women, especially his encouragement of widow marriages which was a taboo during those times.<ref name="Datta1987">{{cite book\|author=Amaresh Datta\|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&pg=PA479\|year=1987\|publisher=Sahitya Akademi\|isbn=978-81-260-1803-1\|pages=479–}}</ref> Along with [[M. R. Bhattathiripad]], popularly known as MRB, he campaigned for widow remarriage by putting it in practice in his own household; he gave his sister in law. a widow, in marriage to MRB which was the first widow remarriage among Namboothiris in Kerala. Another widow marriage also followed soon which was the marriage of M. P. Bhattathiripad, better known as [[Premji]], who was MRB's younger brother, to Arya, a 27 year old Namboothiri widow and Bhattathiripad, along with [[E. M. S. Namboothiripad]], as well as the couple were excommunicated (''Brashtu'') by the community leaders.<ref name="Arya Premji passes away">{{Cite news \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/arya-premji-passes-away/article8638928.ece \|title=Arya Premji passes away \|last=Praveen \|first=S. r \|date=2016-05-24 \|website=The Hindu \|language=en-IN \|access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref>		The principal contribution of Bhattathiripad was in the emancipation of [[Namboothiri]] women, especially his encouragement of widow marriages which was a taboo during those times.<ref name="Datta1987">{{cite book\|author=Amaresh Datta\|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&pg=PA479\|year=1987\|publisher=Sahitya Akademi\|isbn=978-81-260-1803-1\|pages=479–}}</ref> Along with [[M. R. Bhattathiripad]], popularly known as MRB, he campaigned for widow remarriage by putting it in practice in his own household; he gave his sister in law. a widow, in marriage to MRB which was the first widow remarriage among Namboothiris in Kerala. Another widow marriage also followed soon which was the marriage of M. P. Bhattathiripad, better known as [[Premji]], who was MRB's younger brother, to Arya, a 27 year old Namboothiri widow and Bhattathiripad, along with [[E. M. S. Namboothiripad]], as well as the couple were excommunicated (''Brashtu'') by the community leaders.<ref name="Arya Premji passes away">{{Cite news \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/arya-premji-passes-away/article8638928.ece \|title=Arya Premji passes away \|last=Praveen \|first=S. r \|date=2016-05-24 \|website=The Hindu \|language=en-IN \|access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref>

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	'''Vellithuruthi Thazhathu Karutha Patteri Raman Bhattathiripad''' (1896–1982), popularly known as '''V. T. Bhattathiripad''' or simply ''' V. T.''', was an [[India]]n social reformer, dramatist and an [[Indian independence activist]]. He was best known for his contributions in the reformation of the [[casteism]] and [[conservatism]] that existed in the [[Namboothiri]] community.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&pg=PA479&lpg=PA479&dq=%22vt+bhattathiripad%22&source=web&ots=mTI1-wFQA9&sig=C9ggxAiGNflDdC0p73LkIcjzdqY Bhattathiripad, V. T.] ''Encyclopaedia of Indian literature and Knowledge'' vol. 1, p. 479</ref> He wrote a number of books which include a play, ''Adukkalayail Ninnu Arangathekku'' and his autobiography, ''Kanneerum Kinavum'' <ref>https://nastiknation.org/product/kanneerum-kinavum/</ref> (''Tears and Dreams'' in English) and many critics consider them as notable works in [[Malayalam literature]]. [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] honoured him with [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship\|distinguished fellowship]] in 1976.		'''Vellithuruthi Thazhathu Karutha Patteri Raman Bhattathiripad''' (1896–1982), popularly known as '''V. T. Bhattathiripad''' or simply ''' V. T.''', was an [[India]]n social reformer, dramatist and an [[Indian independence activist]]. He was best known for his contributions in the reformation of the [[casteism]] and [[conservatism]] that existed in the [[Namboothiri]] community.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&pg=PA479&lpg=PA479&dq=%22vt+bhattathiripad%22&source=web&ots=mTI1-wFQA9&sig=C9ggxAiGNflDdC0p73LkIcjzdqY Bhattathiripad, V. T.] ''Encyclopaedia of Indian literature and Knowledge'' vol. 1, p. 479</ref> He wrote a number of books which include a play, ''Adukkalayail Ninnu Arangathekku'' and his autobiography, ''Kanneerum Kinavum'' <ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://nastiknation.org/product/kanneerum-kinavum/\|title=Kanneerum Kinavum – Nastik Nation}}</ref> (''Tears and Dreams'' in English) and many critics consider them as notable works in [[Malayalam literature]]. [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] honoured him with [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship\|distinguished fellowship]] in 1976.

	== Biography ==		== Biography ==
	{{Reformation in Kerala}}		{{Reformation in Kerala}}
	V. T. Bhattathiripad, née Raman Bhattathiripad, was born on 26 March 1896 to Thuppan Bhattathiripad and Sridevi Andarjanam in Kaippilly Mana at [[Mezhathur]], [[Ponnani taluk]] [[Malabar District]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj\|British India]]		V. T. Bhattathiripad, née Raman Bhattathiripad, was born on 26 March 1896 to Thuppan Bhattathiripad and Sridevi Andarjanam in Kaippilly Mana at [[Mezhathur]], [[Ponnani taluk]] [[Malabar District]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj\|British India]]
	, on the bank of [[Bharathappuzha\|River Ponnani]].<ref name="V. T. Bhattathiripad - the renowned Social reformer of Kerala">{{Cite web \|url=http://www.keralaculture.org/vt-bhattathiripad/731 \|title=V. T. Bhattathiripad - the renowned Social reformer of Kerala \|date=2019-04-04 \|website=www.keralaculture.org \|language=en \|access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref> He belonged to the family of [[Mezhathol Agnihothri]] on his father's side and had the lineage of [[Adi Sankara]] on his mother's side. After early education in the traditional way under Narayanan Othikkan, he studied under Pathakkara Manaikkal Meledam and Muthukurissi Mana Kunjunni Namboothirippad and on completion of [[Vedas\|vedic studies]], he started working as a priest at shornur Mundamuka Sastha temple, owned by Kudalloor Mana.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal">{{Cite web \|url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/VTBhattathiripad/Html/VTBgraphy.htm \|title=Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal \|date=2019-04-04 \|website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal \|access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref> It was here, a 10 year old young girl from the neighbourhood taught him Malayalam alphabets and mathematics.<ref name="An inspiring banyan tree">{{Cite ~~web~~ \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/an-inspiring-banyan-tree/article7045034.ece \|title=An inspiring banyan tree \|last=Shaji \|first=K. a \|date=2015-03-29 \|website=The Hindu \|language=en-IN \|access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref>{{Refn\|group=note\|His autobiography, ''Kanneerum Kinavum'', has more details<ref name="A memoir with the Enlightenment legacy">{{Cite ~~web~~ \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/a-memoir-with-the-enlightenment-legacy/article4712278.ece \|title=A memoir with the Enlightenment legacy \|last=Nazeer \|first=Mohamed \|date=2013-05-13 \|website=The Hindu \|language=en-IN \|access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref>}} He would study English soon after by joining Edakkuni Namboodiri School during which time he also ran a magazine by name, ''Vidyarthi''.<ref name="V. T. Bhattathiripad - the renowned Social reformer of Kerala" />		, on the bank of [[Bharathappuzha\|River Ponnani]].<ref name="V. T. Bhattathiripad - the renowned Social reformer of Kerala">{{Cite web \|url=http://www.keralaculture.org/vt-bhattathiripad/731 \|title=V. T. Bhattathiripad - the renowned Social reformer of Kerala \|date=2019-04-04 \|website=www.keralaculture.org \|language=en \|access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref> He belonged to the family of [[Mezhathol Agnihothri]] on his father's side and had the lineage of [[Adi Sankara]] on his mother's side. After early education in the traditional way under Narayanan Othikkan, he studied under Pathakkara Manaikkal Meledam and Muthukurissi Mana Kunjunni Namboothirippad and on completion of [[Vedas\|vedic studies]], he started working as a priest at shornur Mundamuka Sastha temple, owned by Kudalloor Mana.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal">{{Cite web \|url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/VTBhattathiripad/Html/VTBgraphy.htm \|title=Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal \|date=2019-04-04 \|website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal \|access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref> It was here, a 10 year old young girl from the neighbourhood taught him Malayalam alphabets and mathematics.<ref name="An inspiring banyan tree">{{Cite news \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/an-inspiring-banyan-tree/article7045034.ece \|title=An inspiring banyan tree \|last=Shaji \|first=K. a \|date=2015-03-29 \|website=The Hindu \|language=en-IN \|access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref>{{Refn\|group=note\|His autobiography, ''Kanneerum Kinavum'', has more details<ref name="A memoir with the Enlightenment legacy">{{Cite news \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/a-memoir-with-the-enlightenment-legacy/article4712278.ece \|title=A memoir with the Enlightenment legacy \|last=Nazeer \|first=Mohamed \|date=2013-05-13 \|website=The Hindu \|language=en-IN \|access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref>}} He would study English soon after by joining Edakkuni Namboodiri School during which time he also ran a magazine by name, ''Vidyarthi''.<ref name="V. T. Bhattathiripad - the renowned Social reformer of Kerala" />

	[[Indian independence movement]] was gaining popularity and Bhattathiripad participated in the [[Allahabad]] session of the [[Indian National Congress - Freedom Era\|Indian National Congress]] due to which he was expelled from his community. This prompted him to fight against [[casteism]] and he started campaigning for Brahmin widow remarriage and for raising funds for the campaign, he organized a march from [[Thrissur]] to [[Chandragiri River]] in 1931 which came to be known as ''Yachana Yathra'' (Begging March).<ref name="Kerala History Timeline">{{Cite web \|url=http://www.etrivandrum.com/2014/12/kerala-history-timeline.html \|title=Kerala History Timeline \|date=2019-04-04 \|website=etrivandrum.com \|access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref>		[[Indian independence movement]] was gaining popularity and Bhattathiripad participated in the [[Allahabad]] session of the [[Indian National Congress - Freedom Era\|Indian National Congress]] due to which he was expelled from his community. This prompted him to fight against [[casteism]] and he started campaigning for Brahmin widow remarriage and for raising funds for the campaign, he organized a march from [[Thrissur]] to [[Chandragiri River]] in 1931 which came to be known as ''Yachana Yathra'' (Begging March).<ref name="Kerala History Timeline">{{Cite web \|url=http://www.etrivandrum.com/2014/12/kerala-history-timeline.html \|title=Kerala History Timeline \|date=2019-04-04 \|website=etrivandrum.com \|access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref>
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	== Legacy ==		== Legacy ==
	[[File:VT Bhattathirippadu.jpg\|thumb\|left\|alt=Bhattathiripad\|V T Bhattathiripad at advanced age]]		[[File:VT Bhattathirippadu.jpg\|thumb\|left\|alt=Bhattathiripad\|V T Bhattathiripad at advanced age]]
	The principal contribution of Bhattathiripad was in the emancipation of [[Namboothiri]] women, especially his encouragement of widow marriages which was a taboo during those times.<ref name="Datta1987">{{cite book\|author=Amaresh Datta\|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&pg=PA479\|year=1987\|publisher=Sahitya Akademi\|isbn=978-81-260-1803-1\|pages=479–}}</ref> Along with [[M. R. Bhattathiripad]], popularly known as MRB, he campaigned for widow remarriage by putting it in practice in his own household; he gave his sister in law. a widow, in marriage to MRB which was the first widow remarriage among Namboothiris in Kerala. Another widow marriage also followed soon which was the marriage of M. P. Bhattathiripad, better known as [[Premji]], who was MRB's younger brother, to Arya, a 27 year old Namboothiri widow and Bhattathiripad, along with [[E. M. S. Namboothiripad]], as well as the couple were excommunicated (''Brashtu'') by the community leaders.<ref name="Arya Premji passes away">{{Cite ~~web~~ \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/arya-premji-passes-away/article8638928.ece \|title=Arya Premji passes away \|last=Praveen \|first=S. r \|date=2016-05-24 \|website=The Hindu \|language=en-IN \|access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref>		The principal contribution of Bhattathiripad was in the emancipation of [[Namboothiri]] women, especially his encouragement of widow marriages which was a taboo during those times.<ref name="Datta1987">{{cite book\|author=Amaresh Datta\|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&pg=PA479\|year=1987\|publisher=Sahitya Akademi\|isbn=978-81-260-1803-1\|pages=479–}}</ref> Along with [[M. R. Bhattathiripad]], popularly known as MRB, he campaigned for widow remarriage by putting it in practice in his own household; he gave his sister in law. a widow, in marriage to MRB which was the first widow remarriage among Namboothiris in Kerala. Another widow marriage also followed soon which was the marriage of M. P. Bhattathiripad, better known as [[Premji]], who was MRB's younger brother, to Arya, a 27 year old Namboothiri widow and Bhattathiripad, along with [[E. M. S. Namboothiripad]], as well as the couple were excommunicated (''Brashtu'') by the community leaders.<ref name="Arya Premji passes away">{{Cite news \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/arya-premji-passes-away/article8638928.ece \|title=Arya Premji passes away \|last=Praveen \|first=S. r \|date=2016-05-24 \|website=The Hindu \|language=en-IN \|access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref>

	Bhattathiripad utilised his writing skills as a tool for social reforms<ref name="Raveendran2002">{{cite book\|author=P. P. Raveendran\|title=Joseph Mundasseri\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mU7zHtik0ZoC&pg=PA24\|year=2002\|publisher=Sahitya Akademi\|isbn=978-81-260-1535-1\|pages=24–}}</ref> and his writings contrasted the social changes that followed the [[Indian independence movement]] against the dormant state of Namboothiri community.<ref name="Gallo2018">{{cite book\|author=Ester Gallo\|title=The Fall of Gods: Memory, Kinship, and Middle Classes in South India\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Z9MDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT94\|date=15 February 2018\|publisher=OUP India\|isbn=978-0-19-909131-7\|pages=94–}}</ref><ref name="Arya Premji, an icon of struggle for Namboodiri widows’ rights">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/arya-premji-an-icon-of-struggle-for-namboodiri-widows-rights/article8641436.ece \|title=Arya Premji, an icon of struggle for Namboodiri ~~widows’~~ rights \|last=Basheer \|first=K. P. M. \|website=@businessline \|language=en \|access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref> The staging of his play, ''Adukkalayilninnu Arangathekku'' (From the Kitchen to the Stage), which featured Premji as one of the actors, in 1929 at [[Edakkunni]], a village in [[Thrissur]], was an important event in the social reform calendar of Kerala;<ref name="Can drama return to television?">{{Cite ~~web~~ \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/can-drama-return-to-television/article24231268.ece \|title=Can drama return to television? \|last=Kunhikrishnan \|first=K. \|date=2018-06-23 \|website=The Hindu \|language=en-IN \|access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref> the play highlighted the discriminatory rituals and practices prevalent in the Namboothiri community, especially the plight of Namboothiti women.<ref name="‘Adukkalayil ninnu arangathekku’ staged">{{Cite web \|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2018/nov/11/adukkalayil-ninnu-arangathekku-staged-1896577.html \|title=~~‘Adukkalayil~~ ninnu ~~arangathekku’~~ staged \|website=The New Indian Express \|access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref> The drama also marked a deviation in Malayalam theatre from historical plays to social dramas.<ref name="Menon2010">{{cite book\|author=A. Sreedhara Menon\|title=Legacy of Kerala\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9RMxjdjUVAC&pg=PA48\|date=12 July 2010\|publisher=DC Books\|isbn=978-81-264-3798-6\|pages=48–}}</ref><ref name="Sivasankari2017">{{cite book\|author=Sivasankari\|title=Knit India Through Literature Volume 1 - The South\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KPiKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT167\|date=5 March 2017\|publisher=Pustaka Digital Media\|pages=167–\|id=PKEY:6580101802203}}</ref>{{Refn\|group=note\|''The year 1929 is most significant in the sense that V. T. Bhattathiripad wrote his play ''Adukkalayilninnu Arangathekku''. It was the first play in Malayalam to have a definite and concrete social objective and which was produced in 1930 itself as part of a very powerful social reformist movement led by Namboodiri Yogakshema Sabha. The degenerate Brahmanical ideology and its social structure had its first powerful assault from within for the first time and the most fervent slogan of the period was for the transformation of "Brahmans into human beings''.<ref name=rama>{{cite web \| first=V. M \| last=Ramachandran \| url=http://www.keralahistory.ac.in/modernmal.htm \| title=The Modern Malayalam Theatre \| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091221232554/http://www.keralahistory.ac.in/modernmal.htm \|archivedate=2009-12-21 }}</ref>}}		Bhattathiripad utilised his writing skills as a tool for social reforms<ref name="Raveendran2002">{{cite book\|author=P. P. Raveendran\|title=Joseph Mundasseri\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mU7zHtik0ZoC&pg=PA24\|year=2002\|publisher=Sahitya Akademi\|isbn=978-81-260-1535-1\|pages=24–}}</ref> and his writings contrasted the social changes that followed the [[Indian independence movement]] against the dormant state of Namboothiri community.<ref name="Gallo2018">{{cite book\|author=Ester Gallo\|title=The Fall of Gods: Memory, Kinship, and Middle Classes in South India\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Z9MDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT94\|date=15 February 2018\|publisher=OUP India\|isbn=978-0-19-909131-7\|pages=94–}}</ref><ref name="Arya Premji, an icon of struggle for Namboodiri widows’ rights">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/arya-premji-an-icon-of-struggle-for-namboodiri-widows-rights/article8641436.ece \|title=Arya Premji, an icon of struggle for Namboodiri widows' rights \|last=Basheer \|first=K. P. M. \|website=@businessline \|language=en \|access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref> The staging of his play, ''Adukkalayilninnu Arangathekku'' (From the Kitchen to the Stage), which featured Premji as one of the actors, in 1929 at [[Edakkunni]], a village in [[Thrissur]], was an important event in the social reform calendar of Kerala;<ref name="Can drama return to television?">{{Cite news \|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/can-drama-return-to-television/article24231268.ece \|title=Can drama return to television? \|last=Kunhikrishnan \|first=K. \|date=2018-06-23 \|website=The Hindu \|language=en-IN \|access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref> the play highlighted the discriminatory rituals and practices prevalent in the Namboothiri community, especially the plight of Namboothiti women.<ref name="‘Adukkalayil ninnu arangathekku’ staged">{{Cite web \|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2018/nov/11/adukkalayil-ninnu-arangathekku-staged-1896577.html \|title='Adukkalayil ninnu arangathekku' staged \|website=The New Indian Express \|access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref> The drama also marked a deviation in Malayalam theatre from historical plays to social dramas.<ref name="Menon2010">{{cite book\|author=A. Sreedhara Menon\|title=Legacy of Kerala\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9RMxjdjUVAC&pg=PA48\|date=12 July 2010\|publisher=DC Books\|isbn=978-81-264-3798-6\|pages=48–}}</ref><ref name="Sivasankari2017">{{cite book\|author=Sivasankari\|title=Knit India Through Literature Volume 1 - The South\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KPiKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT167\|date=5 March 2017\|publisher=Pustaka Digital Media\|pages=167–\|id=PKEY:6580101802203}}</ref>{{Refn\|group=note\|''The year 1929 is most significant in the sense that V. T. Bhattathiripad wrote his play ''Adukkalayilninnu Arangathekku''. It was the first play in Malayalam to have a definite and concrete social objective and which was produced in 1930 itself as part of a very powerful social reformist movement led by Namboodiri Yogakshema Sabha. The degenerate Brahmanical ideology and its social structure had its first powerful assault from within for the first time and the most fervent slogan of the period was for the transformation of "Brahmans into human beings''.<ref name=rama>{{cite web \| first=V. M \| last=Ramachandran \| url=http://www.keralahistory.ac.in/modernmal.htm \| title=The Modern Malayalam Theatre \| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091221232554/http://www.keralahistory.ac.in/modernmal.htm \|archivedate=2009-12-21 }}</ref>}}

	Bhattathiripad's oeuvre consists of a play, a short story anthology, eleven essay compilations and three memoirs,<ref name="List of works">{{Cite web \|url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/VTBhattathiripad/Html/VTBooks.htm \|title=List of works \|date=2019-04-04 \|website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi \|access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref> of which ''Kanneerum Kinavum'',<ref name="Kanneerum Kinavum">{{Cite web \|url=https://buybooks.mathrubhumi.com/product/kanneerum-kinavum/ \|title=Kanneerum Kinavum \|website=buybooks.mathrubhumi.com \|language=en-US \|access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref> the first of his three memoirs, narrates his life from 1896 until 1916 and is a documentation of the Namboothiri rituals and [[feudalism]]. The book was later translated into English by Sindhu V. Nair under the title, ''My Tears, My Dreams'' and was published by [[Oxford University Press]].<ref name="A memoir with the Enlightenment legacy" />		Bhattathiripad's oeuvre consists of a play, a short story anthology, eleven essay compilations and three memoirs,<ref name="List of works">{{Cite web \|url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/VTBhattathiripad/Html/VTBooks.htm \|title=List of works \|date=2019-04-04 \|website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi \|access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref> of which ''Kanneerum Kinavum'',<ref name="Kanneerum Kinavum">{{Cite web \|url=https://buybooks.mathrubhumi.com/product/kanneerum-kinavum/ \|title=Kanneerum Kinavum \|website=buybooks.mathrubhumi.com \|language=en-US \|access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref> the first of his three memoirs, narrates his life from 1896 until 1916 and is a documentation of the Namboothiri rituals and [[feudalism]]. The book was later translated into English by Sindhu V. Nair under the title, ''My Tears, My Dreams'' and was published by [[Oxford University Press]].<ref name="A memoir with the Enlightenment legacy" />
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	=== Translations ===		=== Translations ===
	* {{Cite book \|url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=106742&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520V.%2520T.%2520Bhattathiripad \|title=My tears, my dreams \|~~last~~=Bhattathiripad \|~~first~~=V. T. \|last2=Sindhu \|first2=V. Nair \|date=2013 \|publisher=OUP \|isbn=9780198089629 \|location=New Delhi}}		* {{Cite book \|url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=106742&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520V.%2520T.%2520Bhattathiripad \|title=My tears, my dreams \|last1=Bhattathiripad \|first1=V. T. \|last2=Sindhu \|first2=V. Nair \|date=2013 \|publisher=OUP \|isbn=9780198089629 \|location=New Delhi}}

	=== Writings on V. T. Bhattathiripad ===		=== Writings on V. T. Bhattathiripad ===
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	==External links==		==External links==
	* {{Cite web \|url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/VTBhattathiripad/Html/VTBhattathiripad.htm \|title=Portrait commissioned by Kerala Sahitya Akademi \|date=2019-04-04 \|website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi \|access-date=2019-04-04}}		* {{Cite web \|url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/VTBhattathiripad/Html/VTBhattathiripad.htm \|title=Portrait commissioned by Kerala Sahitya Akademi \|date=2019-04-04 \|website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi \|access-date=2019-04-04}}
	* {{Cite web \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVJTuYQ7zBQ \|title=V T Bhattathiripad - Kerala Renaissance \|date=2017-03-14 \|website=YouTube \|access-date=2019-04-04}}		* {{Cite web \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVJTuYQ7zBQ \|title=V T Bhattathiripad - Kerala Renaissance \|date=2017-03-14 \|website=YouTube \|access-date=2019-04-04}}
	* {{Cite web \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wuty-NRkk2c \|title=VT Bhattathiripad & Brahmananda Sivayogi - Kerala Renaissance \|last=Edapt \|date=2018-03-27 \|website=YouTube \|access-date=2019-04-04}}		* {{Cite web \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wuty-NRkk2c \|title=VT Bhattathiripad & Brahmananda Sivayogi - Kerala Renaissance \|last=Edapt \|date=2018-03-27 \|website=YouTube \|access-date=2019-04-04}}

imported>ZI Jony: clean up

2021-08-29T13:47:30Z

clean up

New page

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = V. T. Bhattathiripad
| image = Vt-bhattathiri.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Raman Bhattathiripad
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1896|3|26}}
| birth_place = [[Mezhathur]], [[Ponnani taluk]] [[Malabar District]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1982|2|12|1896|3|26}}
| death_place =
| nationality = [[India]]n
| other_names =
| occupation = {{ubl|Social reformer|[[Indian independence activist]]|writer}}
| known_for = Social activism, [[Indian independence movement]], writings
| awards = 1976 [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship]]
| spouse = Sreedevi Antharjanam
| parents = Thuppan Bhattathiripad, Sridevi Andarjanam
}}

'''Vellithuruthi Thazhathu Karutha Patteri Raman Bhattathiripad''' (1896–1982), popularly known as '''V. T. Bhattathiripad''' or simply ''' V. T.''', was an [[India]]n social reformer, dramatist and an [[Indian independence activist]]. He was best known for his contributions in the reformation of the [[casteism]] and [[conservatism]] that existed in the [[Namboothiri]] community.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&pg=PA479&lpg=PA479&dq=%22vt+bhattathiripad%22&source=web&ots=mTI1-wFQA9&sig=C9ggxAiGNflDdC0p73LkIcjzdqY Bhattathiripad, V. T.] ''Encyclopaedia of Indian literature and Knowledge'' vol. 1, p. 479</ref> He wrote a number of books which include a play, ''Adukkalayail Ninnu Arangathekku'' and his autobiography, ''Kanneerum Kinavum'' <ref>https://nastiknation.org/product/kanneerum-kinavum/</ref> (''Tears and Dreams'' in English) and many critics consider them as notable works in [[Malayalam literature]]. [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] honoured him with [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship|distinguished fellowship]] in 1976.

== Biography ==
{{Reformation in Kerala}}
V. T. Bhattathiripad, née Raman Bhattathiripad, was born on 26 March 1896 to Thuppan Bhattathiripad and Sridevi Andarjanam in Kaippilly Mana at [[Mezhathur]], [[Ponnani taluk]] [[Malabar District]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|British India]]
, on the bank of [[Bharathappuzha|River Ponnani]].<ref name="V. T. Bhattathiripad - the renowned Social reformer of Kerala">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralaculture.org/vt-bhattathiripad/731 |title=V. T. Bhattathiripad - the renowned Social reformer of Kerala |date=2019-04-04 |website=www.keralaculture.org |language=en |access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref> He belonged to the family of [[Mezhathol Agnihothri]] on his father's side and had the lineage of [[Adi Sankara]] on his mother's side. After early education in the traditional way under Narayanan Othikkan, he studied under Pathakkara Manaikkal Meledam and Muthukurissi Mana Kunjunni Namboothirippad and on completion of [[Vedas|vedic studies]], he started working as a priest at shornur Mundamuka Sastha temple, owned by Kudalloor Mana.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/VTBhattathiripad/Html/VTBgraphy.htm |title=Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |date=2019-04-04 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref> It was here, a 10 year old young girl from the neighbourhood taught him Malayalam alphabets and mathematics.<ref name="An inspiring banyan tree">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/an-inspiring-banyan-tree/article7045034.ece |title=An inspiring banyan tree |last=Shaji |first=K. a |date=2015-03-29 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|His autobiography, ''Kanneerum Kinavum'', has more details<ref name="A memoir with the Enlightenment legacy">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/a-memoir-with-the-enlightenment-legacy/article4712278.ece |title=A memoir with the Enlightenment legacy |last=Nazeer |first=Mohamed |date=2013-05-13 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref>}} He would study English soon after by joining Edakkuni Namboodiri School during which time he also ran a magazine by name, ''Vidyarthi''.<ref name="V. T. Bhattathiripad - the renowned Social reformer of Kerala" />

[[Indian independence movement]] was gaining popularity and Bhattathiripad participated in the [[Allahabad]] session of the [[Indian National Congress - Freedom Era|Indian National Congress]] due to which he was expelled from his community. This prompted him to fight against [[casteism]] and he started campaigning for Brahmin widow remarriage and for raising funds for the campaign, he organized a march from [[Thrissur]] to [[Chandragiri River]] in 1931 which came to be known as ''Yachana Yathra'' (Begging March).<ref name="Kerala History Timeline">{{Cite web |url=http://www.etrivandrum.com/2014/12/kerala-history-timeline.html |title=Kerala History Timeline |date=2019-04-04 |website=etrivandrum.com |access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref>

The first marriage of Bhattathiripad did not last long and later he married Sreedevi Antharjanam of Ittyaparambath Illam.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" /> He died on 12 February 1982, at the age of 85.<ref name="V. T. Bhattathiripad - the renowned Social reformer of Kerala" />

== Legacy ==
[[File:VT Bhattathirippadu.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Bhattathiripad|V T Bhattathiripad at advanced age]]
The principal contribution of Bhattathiripad was in the emancipation of [[Namboothiri]] women, especially his encouragement of widow marriages which was a taboo during those times.<ref name="Datta1987">{{cite book|author=Amaresh Datta|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&pg=PA479|year=1987|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1803-1|pages=479–}}</ref> Along with [[M. R. Bhattathiripad]], popularly known as MRB, he campaigned for widow remarriage by putting it in practice in his own household; he gave his sister in law. a widow, in marriage to MRB which was the first widow remarriage among Namboothiris in Kerala. Another widow marriage also followed soon which was the marriage of M. P. Bhattathiripad, better known as [[Premji]], who was MRB's younger brother, to Arya, a 27 year old Namboothiri widow and Bhattathiripad, along with [[E. M. S. Namboothiripad]], as well as the couple were excommunicated (''Brashtu'') by the community leaders.<ref name="Arya Premji passes away">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/arya-premji-passes-away/article8638928.ece |title=Arya Premji passes away |last=Praveen |first=S. r |date=2016-05-24 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref>

Bhattathiripad utilised his writing skills as a tool for social reforms<ref name="Raveendran2002">{{cite book|author=P. P. Raveendran|title=Joseph Mundasseri|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mU7zHtik0ZoC&pg=PA24|year=2002|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1535-1|pages=24–}}</ref> and his writings contrasted the social changes that followed the [[Indian independence movement]] against the dormant state of Namboothiri community.<ref name="Gallo2018">{{cite book|author=Ester Gallo|title=The Fall of Gods: Memory, Kinship, and Middle Classes in South India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Z9MDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT94|date=15 February 2018|publisher=OUP India|isbn=978-0-19-909131-7|pages=94–}}</ref><ref name="Arya Premji, an icon of struggle for Namboodiri widows’ rights">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/arya-premji-an-icon-of-struggle-for-namboodiri-widows-rights/article8641436.ece |title=Arya Premji, an icon of struggle for Namboodiri widows’ rights |last=Basheer |first=K. P. M. |website=@businessline |language=en |access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref> The staging of his play, ''Adukkalayilninnu Arangathekku'' (From the Kitchen to the Stage), which featured Premji as one of the actors, in 1929 at [[Edakkunni]], a village in [[Thrissur]], was an important event in the social reform calendar of Kerala;<ref name="Can drama return to television?">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/can-drama-return-to-television/article24231268.ece |title=Can drama return to television? |last=Kunhikrishnan |first=K. |date=2018-06-23 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref> the play highlighted the discriminatory rituals and practices prevalent in the Namboothiri community, especially the plight of Namboothiti women.<ref name="‘Adukkalayil ninnu arangathekku’ staged">{{Cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2018/nov/11/adukkalayil-ninnu-arangathekku-staged-1896577.html |title=‘Adukkalayil ninnu arangathekku’ staged |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref> The drama also marked a deviation in Malayalam theatre from historical plays to social dramas.<ref name="Menon2010">{{cite book|author=A. Sreedhara Menon|title=Legacy of Kerala|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9RMxjdjUVAC&pg=PA48|date=12 July 2010|publisher=DC Books|isbn=978-81-264-3798-6|pages=48–}}</ref><ref name="Sivasankari2017">{{cite book|author=Sivasankari|title=Knit India Through Literature Volume 1 - The South|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KPiKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT167|date=5 March 2017|publisher=Pustaka Digital Media|pages=167–|id=PKEY:6580101802203}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|''The year 1929 is most significant in the sense that V. T. Bhattathiripad wrote his play ''Adukkalayilninnu Arangathekku''. It was the first play in Malayalam to have a definite and concrete social objective and which was produced in 1930 itself as part of a very powerful social reformist movement led by Namboodiri Yogakshema Sabha. The degenerate Brahmanical ideology and its social structure had its first powerful assault from within for the first time and the most fervent slogan of the period was for the transformation of "Brahmans into human beings''.<ref name=rama>{{cite web | first=V. M | last=Ramachandran | url=http://www.keralahistory.ac.in/modernmal.htm | title=The Modern Malayalam Theatre | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091221232554/http://www.keralahistory.ac.in/modernmal.htm |archivedate=2009-12-21 }}</ref>}}

Bhattathiripad's oeuvre consists of a play, a short story anthology, eleven essay compilations and three memoirs,<ref name="List of works">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/VTBhattathiripad/Html/VTBooks.htm |title=List of works |date=2019-04-04 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref> of which ''Kanneerum Kinavum'',<ref name="Kanneerum Kinavum">{{Cite web |url=https://buybooks.mathrubhumi.com/product/kanneerum-kinavum/ |title=Kanneerum Kinavum |website=buybooks.mathrubhumi.com |language=en-US |access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref> the first of his three memoirs, narrates his life from 1896 until 1916 and is a documentation of the Namboothiri rituals and [[feudalism]]. The book was later translated into English by Sindhu V. Nair under the title, ''My Tears, My Dreams'' and was published by [[Oxford University Press]].<ref name="A memoir with the Enlightenment legacy" />

== Honours ==
[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]] honoured him with [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship|distinguished fellowship]] in 1976.<ref name="Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/Fellows/Html/HonoraryList.htm |title=Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship |date=2019-04-04 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref> The [[Sreekrishnapuram VT Bhattathiripad College]] in [[Sreekrishnapuram]], [[Palakkad district]], is named after him.<ref name="About reekrishnapuram V T Bhattathiripad College">{{Cite web |url=http://www.vtb.ac.in/about.php |title=About reekrishnapuram V T Bhattathiripad College |date=2019-04-04 |website=www.vtb.ac.in |language=en |access-date=2019-04-04}}</ref>

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |url=https://nastiknation.org/product/v-t-yude-samboorna-krithikal|title=V.T.yude sampoorna kruthikal (Complete Works) |last=Bhattathiripad |first=V. T. |date=2006|isbn=9788171307012|edition=4th}}

=== Play ===
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=327051&query_1970desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520V.%2520T.%2520Bhattathiripad |title=Adukkalayilninnu Arangathekku |last=Bhattathiripad |first=V. T. |date=1997 |publisher=D. C. Books |location=Kottayam}}

=== Short story anthology ===
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=177636&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520V.%2520T.%2520Bhattathiripad |title=V.T.Yute Kathakal |last=Bhattathiripad |first=V. T. |date=1990 |publisher=Kerala Sahithya Academy |isbn=9788176900096 |location=Trissur}}

=== Essays ===
{{Div col}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=74930&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520V.%2520T.%2520Bhattathiripad |title=Sathyamennathu ivide manushyanakunnu |last=V. T. Bhattathirippad |date=1961 |publisher=Sahitya Pravarthaka Sahakarana Sangam |location=Kottayam}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=103636&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520V.%2520T.%2520Bhattathiripad |title=V T yude thiranjedutha upanyasangal |last=Bhatathirippad |first=V. T. |date=1979 |publisher=Sahitya Pravarthaka |location=Kottayam}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://mgucat.mgu.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=144727&query_desc=au%252Cwrdl%253A%2520V.%2520T.%2520Bhattathiripad |title=Ente mannu |last=Bhattathiripad |first=V. T. |date=1986 |location=Kottayam, N B S |language=Malayalam}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://find.uoc.ac.in/Record/236496 |title=Kalathinte sakshi |last=Bhattathirippad |first=V. T. |date=2016 |language=Malayalam}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://find.uoc.ac.in/Record/236494 |title=Vedivattam |last=Bhattathirippad |first=V. T. |date=2016 |language=Malayalam}}
{{div col end}}

=== Memoirs ===
{{Div col}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://nastiknation.org/product/kanneerum-kinavum|title=Kanneerum Kinavum |last=Bhattathiripad |first=V. T. |date=2010|isbn=9788171309535}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=305506&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520V.%2520T.%2520Bhattathiripad |title=Karmavipakam |last=Bhattathiripad |first=V. T. |date=1988 |publisher=Best Books |location=Trichur}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://find.uoc.ac.in/Record/79188 |title=V.T.yude jeevitha smaranakal |last=Bhattathirippad |first=V. T. |date=1983 |language=Malayalam}}
{{div col end}}

=== Translations ===
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=106742&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520V.%2520T.%2520Bhattathiripad |title=My tears, my dreams |last=Bhattathiripad |first=V. T. |last2=Sindhu |first2=V. Nair |date=2013 |publisher=OUP |isbn=9780198089629 |location=New Delhi}}

=== Writings on V. T. Bhattathiripad ===
{{Div col}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=109267&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520V.%2520T.%2520Bhattathiripad |title=Rebel and the reformer: V.T Bhattathiripad in historical perspective |last=Manmathan |first=M. R. |date=2007}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=306757&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520V.%2520T.%2520Bhattathiripad |title=V.T. ye kantethal |date=1984 |publisher=V.T.Smarakasamithi Mezhathur |location=Sukapuram}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://catalog.uoc.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=305933&query_desc=kw%252Cwrdl%253A%2520V.%2520T.%2520Bhattathiripad |title=V T: Oru ithihasam |date=1996 |publisher=Current Books |editor-last=Narayanan |editor-first=Palakizhu |location=Thrissur}}
{{div col end}}

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Literature}}
{{Div col}}
* [[Kerala reformation movement]]
* [[Hindu reform movements]]
* [[Caste system in Kerala]]
* [[List of Malayalam-language authors]]
* [[Ayyathan Gopalan]]
{{div col end}}

== See Also (Social reformers of Kerala) ==

* [[Narayana Guru|Sree Narayana Guru]]
* [[Padmanabhan Palpu|Dr. Palpu]]
* [[Kumaran Asan|Kumaranasan]]
* [[Ayyathan Gopalan|Rao Sahib Dr. Ayyathan Gopalan]]
* [[Brahmananda Swami Sivayogi]]
* [[Vagbhatananda|Vaghbhatananda]]
* [[Mithavaadi Krishnan]]
* [[Moorkoth Kumaran]]
* [[Ayyankali]]
* [[Ayya Vaikundar]]
* [[Pandit Karuppan]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/VTBhattathiripad/Html/VTBhattathiripad.htm |title=Portrait commissioned by Kerala Sahitya Akademi |date=2019-04-04 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=2019-04-04}}
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVJTuYQ7zBQ |title=V T Bhattathiripad - Kerala Renaissance |date=2017-03-14 |website=YouTube |access-date=2019-04-04}}
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wuty-NRkk2c |title=VT Bhattathiripad & Brahmananda Sivayogi - Kerala Renaissance |last=Edapt |date=2018-03-27 |website=YouTube |access-date=2019-04-04}}

{{Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhattathiripad, V. T.}}
[[Category:1896 births]]
[[Category:1982 deaths]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian social reformers]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language writers]]
[[Category:Anti-Brahminism]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Social critics]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award]]