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{{Short description|Indian economist and Sanskrit scholar}}
{{BLP sources|date=July 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox economist
| name = V. R. Panchamukhi
| image = V R Panchamukhi.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name = Vadirajacharya Panchamukhi
| native_name_lang = Kannada
| birth_name=Vadirajacharya Raghavendracharya Panchamukhi
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1936|9|17|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Bagalkot]], Karnataka
| institutions = The Indian Econometric Society; Indian Economics Association 
| school_tradition =
| alma_mater = * [[Karnataka University]]
* [[Bombay University]]
* [[Delhi School of Economics]]
*[[Delhi University]]
| doctoral_advisor =
| academic_advisors =
| doctoral_students =
| notable_students =
| influences =
| influenced =
| contributions =
| awards = * President of India's Certificate of Honour for Sanskrit 2003
* Sri Gurusarvabhoma Raghavendra Prashasti - Sri Raghavendra Swami Mutt, Mantralayam, 2016
* Panchajanya Puraskara, 2014
| memorials =
| spouse = Vedavati V. Panchamukhi 
| signature = 
| url =
| module =
| repec_prefix =
| repec_id =
| notes =
}}
'''V. R. Panchamukhi''' (also referred as '''Vadiraj Panchamukhi''', and '''Vachaspati V. R. Panchamukhi'''), is an Indian [[Economist]] and [[Sanskrit]] [[scholar]]. He was born on September{{Spaces}}17,{{Spaces}}1936, in [[Dharwad]], [[Karnataka]]. He is the eldest son of Vidyaratna Shri R. S. Panchamukhi, an archaeologist and indologist and Sanskrit Scholar.<ref>{{cite web|title=ICSSR Chairman Bio|url=http://www.icssr.org/bio_Panchamukhi.htm|website=Icssr.org|access-date=2016-12-14}}</ref> V. R. Panchamukhi has been honored with the [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest Indian civilian award, for his contributions to the literature and education on 26 January 2025 by the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/padma-awards-full-list-sharda-sinha-mt-vasudevan-nair-pr-sreejesh-2670165-2025-01-25|title=Padma Awards 2025: Sushil Modi, Pankaj Udhas, PR Sreejesh in recipient list|date=26 January 2025|publisher=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Padma Award Winners 2025 Full List: Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/social/padma-awards-2025-arijit-singh-ajith-kumar-shekhar-kapur-and-late-pankaj-udhas-honored-for-excellence |website=Bru Times News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Padma Awards 2025 announced |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2096285 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>

==Early life==
Vadiraj was born in [[Bagalkot]], Karnataka to a [[Madhwa Brahmin]], to Vidyaratna Shri Raghavendracharya, S. Panchamukhi and Kamalabai R. Panchamukhi. He is the sixth child after five sisters.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}}

His father was a renowned epigraphist, archaeologist and Indologist, who dedicated his life to historical research and Indological studies. He was a pioneer in ''Daasa Sahitya'' research. His mother built a value system based on the heritage of ''daasara padagalu''. Vadiraj had his early education in Sanskrit and philosophy under the tutelage of his father.

He stood 1st class 1st rank in [[Karnataka University]] studying mathematics and statistics in 1956. He was the first to achieve 82.5%. He also achieved 1st rank in [[Bombay University]] doing his master's degree in statistics with [[econometrics]] in 1958, for which he was awarded the Chancellor's Gold Medal. He completed his Ph.D. in [[Delhi School of Economics]] in 1963 with his thesis on 'Applications of Game Theory to Economic Policy and Planning with Illustrations from International Trade and Investments.'

==Career==
He has made significant contributions in [[economics]] and [[Sanskrit]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Most widely held works by V. R Panchamukhi|url=https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79141947/|publisher=[[WorldCat]]}}</ref>

===Economics===
Panchamukhi contributed to the field of economics in multiple ways. His work on the applications of [[game theory]] to [[Commercial policy|International Trade Policy]] analysis was noted as a pioneering work by [[Jagdish Bhagwati]] in his Survey of Literature published in the Economic Journal of [[London School of Economics]] (1975). His work on 'Effective Rates of Protection and Domestic Resource Cost', prepared and published jointly with Bhagwati and [[T. N. Srinivasan]], made a significant impact on the trade policy regimes of the 1960s and 1970s.

He worked on development models and resource gaps for the countries of the [[United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific]] (ESCAP) region that were presented under the leadership of [[Nobel Laureate]] [[Jan Tinbergen]] while he was a staff member of the ESCAP (then ECAFE). This became the basis for Resource Transfer for Development in the ESCAP region in the 1970s. He delivered a lecture at the Special Session of the ESCAP (held in Shanghai, China) on 'Theme of Strategy for Least Developed Countries.' This was used for many resolutions at the ESCAP Special Session.

He was invited to work at the [[South Centre (organization)]], Geneva, by [[Julius Nyerere]], the former President of Tanzania, and the then Chairman of the group. His analytical paper on the proposed [[Multilateral Agreement on Investment]] was utilized for negotiations at the [[WTO]] Ministerial Meetings (Singapore) in the 1990s.

He developed the "Research Information System (RIS)" for the Non-Aligned and other Developing Countries (an autonomous body established by the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)]] in 1984) into an important 'think tank' of the developing world. It provided analytical inputs on international economic topics such as WTO, regional cooperation, investment flows and many others.

He was the Member Secretary of the "P. C. Alexander Committee on Import–Export Policies and Procedures" in 1977 that made path-breaking contributions to the process of liberalization of the trade policy regime in India.

===Sanskrit===
Panchamukhi wrote multiple books in Sanskrit on the themes of Economics and Management. He composed and published many Sanskrit poems.

As the Chancellor of [[Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha]], Tirupathi, for two terms (1998 - 2008),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rsvidyapeetha.ac.in/profile.htm |title=Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha :: Tirupati |website=Rsvidyapeetha.ac.in |date=1989-08-26 |access-date=2016-12-14}}</ref> he was instrumental in launching innovative programs such as Sanskrit–Science exhibitions, Sansk-Net, and Digitization of Sanskrit Manuscripts. He launched a new department of Dvaita Vedanta at Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha.

He was a board member of [[Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams]] (TTD). He helped build the constitution and enabled the establishment of [[Sri Venkateswara Vedic University]], Tirumala.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.svvedicuniversity.ac.in/establishment.php |title=Establishment of Sri Venkateswara Vedic University |website=Svvedicuniversity.ac.in |access-date=2016-12-14}}</ref>

Research interests include [[Bhagavad Gita]] and Management, ancient Indian thoughts on development, relevance of Sanskrit in modern times and Sanskrit and Science.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gita Lectures at TTD|url=http://news.tirumala.org/gita-teaches-the-righteous-way-of-living-ttd-eo/|website=News.tirumala.org|access-date=2016-12-14|archive-date=24 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924061731/http://news.tirumala.org/gita-teaches-the-righteous-way-of-living-ttd-eo/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

He wrote books in which he interpreted the Bhagavad Gita and applied its principles to a modern and contemporary time. He delivered a complete series on "Srimad Bhagavad Gita — Its relevance to contemporary life" which was telecast by [[SVBC TV]] (Sri Venkateswara Bhakthi Channel, TTD).

==Positions held==
===Executive positions===
* Chairman, [[Indian Council of Social Science Research]] (ICSSR)
* Managing Editor, Indian Economic Journal, Indian Economic Association
* Managing Trustee, Indian Economic Association Trust for Research and Development <ref>[http://www.indianeconomicjournal.org/iea-trust-for-r&d/index.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020044112/http://indianeconomicjournal.org/iea-trust-for-r%26d/index.php|date=2016-10-20}}</ref>
* Vice-Chairman, Indian Economic Association Trust for Research and Development
* Vice President, Sukhamoy Chakravarty Memorial Trust
* Honorary Visiting Professor, [[Institute for Social and Economic Change]] (ISEC) <ref>{{cite web|title=Honorary Visiting Professor, ISEC|url=http://www.isec.ac.in/VRPanchamukhi.htm|website=Isec.ac.in|access-date=2016-12-14|archive-date=30 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170530130220/http://www.isec.ac.in/VRPanchamukhi.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* President, [[South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation]] (SAARC) Economic Association
* President, Indian Economic Association, 1994<ref>{{cite web|title=Past Presidents of IEA|url=http://indianeconomicassociation.com/pastpresident-venues.html|website=Indianeconomicassociation.com|access-date=2016-12-14}}</ref>
* President, The Indian Econometric Society, 1998, 1999, 2000<ref>{{cite web|title=Conferences held under the Past Presidents|url=http://www.tiesindia.net/conference_held.html|website=Tiesindia.net|access-date=2016-12-14|archive-date=27 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327215543/http://www.tiesindia.net/conference_held.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Convener, VIII [[World Economic Congress]] (New Delhi), 1986
* Founder Director General, Research and Information System for the Non Aligned & Developing Countries (now RIS for Developing Countries)
* Hon.Chairman, Board of Governors, Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI), Tirupati, AP
* Member, Research Staff, [[United Nations Industrial Development Organization]] (UNIDO), Vienna
* Research Professor, [[Centre for Policy Research]], New Delhi
* Professor of Economics, [[Institute of Economic Growth]], Delhi University
* Economic Advisor, [[Ministry of Finance (India)]]
* Hon.Chairman, Board of Advisers, Academy of Grassroots Studies and Research of India (AGRASRI), Tirupati, AP
* Member Secretary, P. C. Alexander Committee on Import-Export Policies and Procedures
* Chief of Research and Analysis Division, Trade Development Authority (TDA), New Delhi; Executive Director of TDA in 1977-79
* Economic Affairs Officer, Research and Planning Division, [[United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific]] (UNESCAP)
* Lecturer, Department of Statistics, [[Bombay University]]
* Senior Research Officer/Reader in Econometrics, Department of Economics, Bombay University

He served as consultant to several UN bodies including [[UNCTAD]], [[UNDP]], [[ILO]] and multilateral bodies like [[World Bank]], [[IMF]] and inter-governmental bodies like G-77 and [[Non-Aligned Movement]] (NAM).

* Chancellor, Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetham (Deemed University), Tirupathi, for two consecutive terms
* President, Akhila Bharata Madhva Sammelana, Udupi

===Advisory positions===
* Founding Member, [[Madras School of Economics]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Member, Madras School of Economics|url=http://www.mse.ac.in/generalmembers.asp|website=Mse.ac.in|access-date=2016-12-14|archive-date=23 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923101248/http://www.mse.ac.in/generalmembers.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Founding Member, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations<ref>{{cite web|title=Founding Member of ICRIER|url=http://icrier.org/pdf/AnnualReport09.pdf|website=Icrier.org|access-date=2016-12-14}}</ref>
* Member, Board of Directors, [[Indian Overseas Bank]]
* Member, Board of Directors, Risk Capital and Technology Finance Corporation Ltd.
* Member, Board of Directors, Industrial Finance Corporation of India ([[IFCI Ltd]]); Nominee of [[IDBI]]
* Member, Board of Governors, Sri Ram Centre for Industrial Relations
* Member, Governing Body, Centre for Multi-Disciplinary Development Research (CMDR), Dharwad <ref>{{cite web|title=CMDR Governing Council|url=http://www.cmdr.ac.in/menu_content.aspx?sub_id=3|website=Cmdr.ac.in|access-date=2016-12-14|archive-date=23 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023011844/http://cmdr.ac.in/menu_content.aspx?sub_id=3|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Member, Governing Body, Institute of Labour Development, Jaipur
* Member, Governing Body, [[Indian Institute of Foreign Trade]]
* Member, Governing Body, Indian Council of South Asian Co-operation
* Member, Academic Council, [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]]

He continues his active pursuits of research and knowledge dissemination as:
* Chancellor (currently), Sri Gurusarvabhouma Sanskrit Vidyapeetham, Mantralayam (AP)
* Executive Director, Gurusarvabhouma Samsodhan Mandir, Mantralayam
* Chairman, The Indian Econometric Society Trust
* President, National Institute of Vedic Science, Bangalore

==Books and publications==
===In economics===
Panchamukhi's deep insight into various aspects of economics can be seen in the books authored by him.
* Trade Policies of India - A Quantitative Analysis; Concept Publishers 1978 <ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-UNNj5VWF4C&q=Panchamukhi+Effective+Rates+of+Protection+and+Domestic+Resource+Cost&pg=PA306 |title=Trade Policies of India: A Quantitative Analysis |year=1978 |page=306 |access-date=2016-12-14}}</ref>
* Production & Planning - A Quantitative Study of the Regional Economy of Karnataka; Centre for Multi-Disciplinary Development Research 1981
* Capital Formation & Output in the Third World; Radiant Publishers for RIS 1986
* The Third World and World Economic System (jointly with K M Raipuria, Rajesh Mehta and Nagesh Kumar); Radiant Publishers for RIS 1986
* Planning, Development and the World Economic Order; Radiant Publishers for RIS 1987
* Process of Development in Indian Economy (edited jointly with Prof. P R Brahmananda); Himalaya Publishers 1987
* Money and Finance in World Economic Order (edited jointly with K M Raipuria and Rameshwar Tandon); INDUS Publishing House 1987
* Sector Propositions (Vol. 2) of the Balance between Industry & Agriculture in Economic Development (edited jointly with [[Jeffrey G. Williamson]]); Macmillans 1988 <ref>{{cite book|title=Buy The Balance Between Industry and Agriculture in Economic Development (International Economic Association) Book Online at Low Prices in India | The Balance Between Industry and Agriculture in Economic Development (International Economic Association) Reviews & Ratings |id={{ASIN|0333467167|country=in}} }}</ref>
* Export Financing in India (jointly with others); Research & Information System 1991
* Teaching Economics in India (jointly edited); Interest Publications 1991
* Indian Economy: Policy Perspective (jointly edited); Interest Publications 1991
* Econometric Modeling and Forecasting in Asia (edited with ESCAP); United Nations 1991
* Fiscal Management of the Indian Economy; Interest Publications 1992
* Complementarity in Trade and Production Intra-South Potentials (jointly with others); [[SAGE Publications]] 1995
* Towards an Asian Economic Area (edited jointly with Dr. [[Rehman Sobhan]], Bangladesh); Macmillan India 1995

===In Sanskrit and philosophy===
Panchamukhi has written several books on Indology and Philosophy in Sanskrit, Kannada and English.
* भारतीय आर्थिक सर्वेक्षण (संस्कृत) (Economic Survey of India); Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetham, Tirupathi 2000 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mlbd.com/BookDecription.aspx?id=17610&Economic%20Survey%20of%20India&isbn&&& |title=Economic Survey of India by V. R. Panchamukhi at Mlbd Books |website=Mlbd.com |access-date=2016-12-14 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* Managing One-self: Sri Bhagavad Gita - Theory & Practice; Motilal Banarasidas 2000 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mlbd.com/BookDecription.aspx?id=5810 |title=Managing One-Self by V. R. Panchamukhi, 8187322071, 9788187322078 at Mlbd Books |website=Mlbd.com |access-date=2016-12-14 |archive-date=14 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914151727/https://www.mlbd.com/BookDecription.aspx?id=5810 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Indian Classical Thoughts on Economic Development and Management; Bookwell Publication 2000 <ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_svgPQAACAAJ |isbn=8185040435 |title=Indian Classical Thoughts on Economic Development and Management |author=V.R. Panchamukhi |date=2000-01-01 |publisher=Bookwell Publications |access-date=2016-12-14}}</ref>
* काव्यकुसुमाकर: (Kavyakusumakara) - collection of Sanskrit Poems; Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetham, Tirupathi 2002
* Human Science in Indian Heritage; Amar Granth Publications for National Institute of Vedic Sciences, Bangalore
* Badarayana's Brahma Sutras - Essentials of Madhwa Philosophy; Interest Publications 1989
* ब्रह्मसूत्रदीपिका (BrahmaSutraDipika) - English Notes based on Tantradipika of Sri Raghavendra Tirtha and Sutradipika of Sri Jagannatha Thirtha; Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetham, Tirupathi 2002
* श्रीमन्युसूक्त (Shri Manyu Suktam) - English and Kannada translation based on the commentary of Sri Dheerendra Thirtha; Independent Publication
* Shri Yogeendra Taravali - Kannada and English translation of the composition of Sri Sumatindratirtha; Sri Guru Sarvabhowma Sanskrita Vidyapeetham 1993
* Sri Bhagavadgita and the Mind - lecture series conducted at Vienna; Independent publication
* विचारवैभवं (Vicharavaibhavam) - Essays on Indology; Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetham, Tirupathi 2000
* भारतीय अर्थशास्त्रं (Sanskrit) (Bharatiya ArthaShastram); Rashtriya Sanskrit Samsthanam, New Delhi, 1998

Panchamukhi has authored several monographs, translations and short essays. He has delivered thought provoking convocation addresses as the Chancellor and Chief Guest to several universities.

==Awards and recognition==
He has won several awards and citations for his scholarly contributions to Economics and Indology
* President of India's Certificate of Honour for Sanskrit 2003<ref>{{cite web|title=President's Award Sanskrit Scholar|url=http://mhrd.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/upload_document/awardees2003.pdf|website=Mhrd.gov.in|access-date=2016-12-14}}</ref>
* Vishishta Sanskrita Seva Vrati - Rashtriya Sanskritha Samsthanam, New Delhi
* Vachaspathi - Lal Bahadur Shastri Sanskrit University, New Delhi 2008 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slbsrsv.ac.in/newconvocation.asp |title=| Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha | Convocation |website=Slbsrsv.ac.in |access-date=2016-12-14}}</ref>
* Bharatratna M Vishweshwarayya Prasasti - Swadeshi Vijnana Sammelana, Gulbarga University, Karnataka <ref>{{cite news|title=M. Visvesvaraya Science Award|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/sanskrit-scholar-receives-award/article2457968.ece|newspaper=The Hindu| date=15 September 2011 |access-date=2016-12-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Vishweshvarayya Vignan Puraskar-2011|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/article362173.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915181448/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/article362173.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 September 2016|website=Newindianexpress.com|access-date=2016-12-14}}</ref>
* Karnataka Rajyotsava Award - Government of Karnataka<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile of Rajyotsava Award Recipients (Year-Wise) |url=https://www.karnataka.gov.in/page/Awards/State%20Awards/Rajyotsava+Awards/en |access-date=8 June 2023 |website=Karnataka Government}}</ref>
* Sri Gurusarvabhoma Raghavendra Anugraha Prashasti - Sri Raghavendra Swami Mutt, Mantralayam, 2016 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://srsmatha.org/poorvaradhane-evening-session/ |title=Poorvaradhane Evening Session – Sri Raghavendra Swamy Matha, Mantralayam |website=Srsmatha.org |date=2016-08-19 |access-date=2016-12-14 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* GITAM Foundation Annual Award - GITAM University, Vishakhapatnam, 2013 <ref>{{cite web|title=Gitam Foundation Annual Award-2013|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2013-08-10/Gitam-Foundation-Award-for-eminent-economist-/68891|website=Thehansindia.com|date=10 August 2013 |access-date=2016-12-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Annual GITAM Foundation award to noted economist and Sanskrit scholar V.R. Panchamukhi|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/gitam-award-for-panchamukhi/article5006089.ece|newspaper=The Hindu| date=8 August 2013 |access-date=2016-12-14}}</ref>
* 2025: [[Padma Shri]]<ref name="Full list of Padma Awards 2025">{{cite news |title=Full list of Padma Awards 2025 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/full-list-of-padma-awards-2025/article69141094.ece |access-date=25 January 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |date=25 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125180026/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/full-list-of-padma-awards-2025/article69141094.ece |archive-date=25 January 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panchamukhi, V. R.}}
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian economists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:English-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Indian Indologists]]
[[Category:Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Indian Sanskrit scholars]]
[[Category:Indian social sciences writers]]
[[Category:Karnatak University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Bagalkot]]
[[Category:Sanskrit writers]]
[[Category:Scholars from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Writers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature and education]]

V. R. Panchamukhi - Revision history

SamantBrara: New New Info First Draft...