V. N. Janaki - Revision history

2409:4072:6413:699B:0:0:B4:48AC at 14:32, 18 February 2022

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	When Ramachandran suffered a paralytic stroke in 1984, she became the intermediary between him and the party.		When Ramachandran suffered a paralytic stroke in 1984, she became the intermediary between him and the party.
	On his death in 1987, Janaki was asked by party members to take his place.<ref name=indtoday /> In deference to their wishes, she became Chief minister in January 1988. Her government lasted only 24 days, the shortest in the history of Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Jayalalithaa : A political career with sharp rises and steep falls\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Jayalalithaa-a-political-career-with-sharp-rises-and-steep-falls/article16760118.ece\|access-date=6 December 2016\|newspaper=The Hindu\|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> She also became the ~~head~~ of the AIADMK party.		On his death in 1987, Janaki was asked by party members to take his place.<ref name=indtoday /> In deference to their wishes, she became Chief minister in January 1988. Her government lasted only 24 days, the shortest in the history of Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite news\|title=Jayalalithaa : A political career with sharp rises and steep falls\|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Jayalalithaa-a-political-career-with-sharp-rises-and-steep-falls/article16760118.ece\|access-date=6 December 2016\|newspaper=The Hindu\|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> She also became the president of the AIADMK party.

	Her ministry went for a sensitive vote of confidence of the Eighth Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly in January 1988. This was because AIADMK coalition with 194 MLAs had split into 3 factions, with one group of 30 MLAs supporting Jayalalitha and another group of 101 MLAs supporting Janaki. The Congress party, under the directive of its national chief and then PM Rajiv Gandhi, had decided to vote neutral. The opposition demanded secret ballot in the assembly, on the day of vote. But the speaker, who supported Janaki, rejected this. He had already disqualified the 30 MLAs of Jayalalitha faction and 15 MLAs of DMK the previous day. He had also decreed that the support of MLAs physically present in the assembly at the time of vote was sufficient. So instead of proving majority in 234 with just 101, Janaki had to prove majority in 198. When the speaker called for vote, DMK and AIADMK MLAs clashed in assembly and many were injured including the speaker. On speaker's request, the CM called police into the house. The speaker announced unilaterally that the cabinet had won motion of confidence.{{citation needed\|date=October 2018}}		Her ministry went for a sensitive vote of confidence of the Eighth Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly in January 1988. This was because AIADMK coalition with 194 MLAs had split into 3 factions, with one group of 30 MLAs supporting Jayalalitha and another group of 101 MLAs supporting Janaki. The Congress party, under the directive of its national chief and then PM Rajiv Gandhi, had decided to vote neutral. The opposition demanded secret ballot in the assembly, on the day of vote. But the speaker, who supported Janaki, rejected this. He had already disqualified the 30 MLAs of Jayalalitha faction and 15 MLAs of DMK the previous day. He had also decreed that the support of MLAs physically present in the assembly at the time of vote was sufficient. So instead of proving majority in 234 with just 101, Janaki had to prove majority in 198. When the speaker called for vote, DMK and AIADMK MLAs clashed in assembly and many were injured including the speaker. On speaker's request, the CM called police into the house. The speaker announced unilaterally that the cabinet had won motion of confidence.{{citation needed\|date=October 2018}}

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	\| successor = [[President's rule]]		\| successor = [[President's rule]]
	\| constituency = ''Did not contest''		\| constituency = ''Did not contest''
	\| birth_name = Vaikom Narayani Janaki		\| office5 = President of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
			\| term_start5 = 02 January 1988
			\| term_end5 = 07 February 1989
			\| predecessor5 = [[M. G. Ramachandran]]
			\| successor5 = '' position abolished'\| birth_name = Vaikom Narayani Janaki
	\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|df=yes\|1924\|09\|23}}<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web\|date=19 May 2020\|title=Janaki Ramachandran, the first woman chief minister of Tamil Nadu who ruled for 24 days\|url=https://theprint.in/features/janaki-ramachandran-the-first-woman-chief-minister-of-tamil-nadu-who-ruled-for-24-days/424272/\|url-status=live\|website=[[ThePrint]]}}</ref>		\| birth_date = {{Birth date\|df=yes\|1924\|09\|23}}<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web\|date=19 May 2020\|title=Janaki Ramachandran, the first woman chief minister of Tamil Nadu who ruled for 24 days\|url=https://theprint.in/features/janaki-ramachandran-the-first-woman-chief-minister-of-tamil-nadu-who-ruled-for-24-days/424272/\|url-status=live\|website=[[ThePrint]]}}</ref>
	\| birth_place = [[Vaikom]], [[Travancore Kingdom]], [[British India]] {{small\|(present-day [[Kerala]], [[India]])}}		\| birth_place = [[Vaikom]], [[Travancore Kingdom]], [[British India]] {{small\|(present-day [[Kerala]], [[India]])}}

->Suneye1: Rollback edit(s) by 2401:4900:4A94:ED6C:D6:D22:ACA2:5FF8 (talk): Not providing a reliable source (RW 16.1)

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added relatives

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	{{marriage\|[[M. G. Ramachandran]]\|1963\|1987\|end=died}}}}		{{marriage\|[[M. G. Ramachandran]]\|1963\|1987\|end=died}}}}
	\| children = Surendran		\| children = Surendran
			\| Parents = Rajagopal Iyer <br /> Narayani Amma
	\| residence = M.G.R Thottam<br/>[[Ramapuram, Chennai\|Raamapuram]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]		\| residence = M.G.R Thottam<br/>[[Ramapuram, Chennai\|Raamapuram]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
	\| profession = {{hlist\|Film actress\|politician}}		\| profession = {{hlist\|Film actress\|politician}}
			\| relatives = [[Papanasam Sivan]]
	}}		}}

imported>APPU at 07:11, 28 August 2021

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{{short description|Indian actor and politician}}
{{Indian name|Janaki|Ramachandran}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian politician
| name = V. N. Janaki
| image = VNJanaki.jpg
| caption = Janaki Ramachandran in Mohini film
| office = 4th [[List of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]]
| term_start = 7 January 1988
| term_end = 30 January 1988
| governor = [[Sundar Lal Khurana]]
| predecessor = [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]] {{small|(Acting)}}
| successor = [[President's rule]]
| constituency = ''Did not contest''
| birth_name = Vaikom Narayani Janaki
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1924|09|23}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 May 2020|title=Janaki Ramachandran, the first woman chief minister of Tamil Nadu who ruled for 24 days|url=https://theprint.in/features/janaki-ramachandran-the-first-woman-chief-minister-of-tamil-nadu-who-ruled-for-24-days/424272/|url-status=live|website=[[ThePrint]]}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Vaikom]], [[Travancore Kingdom]], [[British India]] {{small|(present-day [[Kerala]], [[India]])}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1996|5|19|1924|09|23}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 May 2020|title=Janaki Ramachandran, the first woman chief minister of Tamil Nadu who ruled for 24 days|url=https://theprint.in/features/janaki-ramachandran-the-first-woman-chief-minister-of-tamil-nadu-who-ruled-for-24-days/424272/|url-status=live|website=[[ThePrint]]}}</ref>
| death_place = [[Madras]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]{{fact|date=May 2020}}
| death_cause = [[Cardiac Arrest]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Not just Jayalalithaa: Find out how many TN CMs Karunanidhi outlived|url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/south/karunanidhi-jayalalithaa-tamil-nadu-chief-ministers-ten-dead|access-date=2021-05-08|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=en}}</ref>
| resting_place = M.G.R Thottam
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|Ganapathy Bhat|1939|1961|end=div}}<br/>
{{marriage|[[M. G. Ramachandran]]|1963|1987|end=died}}}}
| children = Surendran
| residence = M.G.R Thottam<br/>[[Ramapuram, Chennai|Raamapuram]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| profession = {{hlist|Film actress|politician}}
}}

'''Vaikom Narayani Janaki''' (23 September 1924<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 May 2020|title=Janaki Ramachandran, the first woman chief minister of Tamil Nadu who ruled for 24 days|url=https://theprint.in/features/janaki-ramachandran-the-first-woman-chief-minister-of-tamil-nadu-who-ruled-for-24-days/424272/|url-status=live|website=[[ThePrint]]}}</ref>{{spaced ndash}}19 May 1996, née Vaikom Narayani), also known as '''Janaki Ramachandran''',<ref>{{cite web | url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/janaki-ramachandran-has-a-lot-of-hidden-potential-which-will-slowly-become-evident/1/328866.html. | title=Leading lady | publisher=India Today | work=S.H. Venkatramani | date=31 January 1988 | access-date=18 September 2017}}</ref> was an Indian politician, activist and the first woman Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu. She was the third wife of the actor and politician [[M. G. Ramachandran]].

She was the [[List of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu|4th]] [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]] for 24 days from 7 January 1988, when her cabinet and the state assembly were collectively dissolved by the [[Government of India]] due to failures relating to law and order.

==Background and first marriage==
Janaki was born in the town of [[Vaikom]] in [[Kottayam]] district of [[Travancore]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theweek.in/webworld/features/society/vn-janaki-mgr.html | title=The 'leading' lady | publisher=The Week | work=Vincent DSouza | date=10 January 1988 | access-date=2 June 2018}}</ref> into a family with ties to both [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Kerala]]. Her father, Rajagopal Iyer, was a [[Tamil Brahmin]] hailing from [[Thanjavur]] in Tamil Nadu, and was the brother of [[Papanasam Sivan]], the musician and composer.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Thyagi-1947/article14517030.ece | title=Thyagi (1947) | work=The Hindu | date=30 July 2016 | access-date=2 June 2018| last1=Guy | first1=Randor }}</ref> Her mother, Narayani Amma, belonged to Vaikom and was of a [[Marumakkathayam|Keralite matrilineal caste]]. Janaki married twice. Her first husband was Ganapathy Bhat whom she married in 1939. The couple had one son called Surendran.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/M-G-Ramachandran-autobiography-copyright-belongs-to-Janaki-son-rules-HC/articleshow/14661431.cms |title=M G Ramachandran autobiography copyright belongs to Janaki son, rules HC | work=[[Times of India]] |first=A |last=Subramani |date=4 July 2012 | access-date=21 September 2017}}</ref> Later, in 1963, she married the Tamil cinema actor [[M. G. Ramachandran]], with whom she had no children.<ref name="auto">{{cite news|title=Janaki's son alone has copyright to MGR's autobiography: court|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/janakis-son-alone-has-copyright-to-mgrs-autobiography-court/article3600414.ece|access-date=6 December 2016|work=The Hindu|date=4 July 2012}}</ref>

==Film career and second marriage==
Janaki became a moderately successful actress in the late 1940s. She starred in more than 25 movies including ''Mohini'' (1948), ''[[Raja Mukthi]]'', ''[[Velaikaari]]'', ''Aiyiram Thalaivangiya Aboorva Chintamani'', ''Devaki'' and ''[[Marudhanaattu Ilavarasi]]''. Many of her hits were in films where her future husband, Ramachandran, played the lead role, and she played either the heroine (''[[Marudhanaattu Ilavarasi]]'') or a major supporting role (''[[Raja Mukthi]],'' ''[[Velaikkaari]]'' etc.). The first film where the two acted together was ''Mohini'' (1948), which was the first real blockbuster for both of them.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

Soon, Janaki and Ramachandran fell in love. Ramachandran had been married twice before this but both his wives had died of illnesses by this time. Janaki and her husband Ganapathi had never become reconciled to each other, although they still remained married. Ganapathi and Janaki both knew that they could not live with each other, both of them had built other lives for themselves, and their son Surendran was then over 20 years old. They petitioned for divorce on grounds of adultery, and secured a divorce which ended their marriage of more than 20 years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PressReader.com - Your favorite newspapers and magazines.|url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/the-hindu/20120703/281822870896716|access-date=2021-05-08|website=www.pressreader.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The ‘leading’ lady|url=https://www.theweek.in/webworld/features/society/vn-janaki-mgr.html|access-date=2021-05-08|website=theweek.in}}</ref>

Janaki and Ramachandran married in 1963. Janaki, who had been relegated to less significant film roles as she aged, withdrew from films started being a home maker The couple did not have any children. Ramachandran (who had no children by any of his wives) is alleged to have taken an affectionate interest in the well-being of his step-son Surendran.<ref name="auto"/>

== Filmography ==
''This is a partial filmography. You can expand it.''

===1930s===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Year
!Film
!Role
!Notes
|-
|1939
|''Manmatha Vijayam''
|As dancer
|
|-
|}
===1940s===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Year
!Film
!Role
!Notes
|-
|1940
|''[[Krishnan Thoothu]]''
|As dancer
|
|-
|1940
|''Mummanigal''
|As dancer
|
|-
|1941
|''[[Kacha Devayani]]''
|As dancer
|
|-
|1941
|[[Savithiri (1941 film)|''Savithiri'']]
|As dancer
|
|-
|1942
|''[[Ananthasayanam (1942 film)|Ananthasayanam]]''
|Sarasa
|
|-
|1942
|''[[Gangavathar]]''
|Heavenly maiden
|
|-
|1943
|''[[Devakanya]]''
|Chitraleka
|
|-
|1944
|''[[Bharthruhari]]''
|Pingala's companion
|
|-
|1945
|''[[Maanasamrakshanam]]''
|
|
|-
|1946
|''[[Sakata Yogam]]''
|
|As lead actress
|-
|1947
|''[[Pankajavalli (film)|Pankajavalli]]''
|
|
|-
|1947
|''Chitra Bagavali''
|
|
|-
|1947
|[[Thiyagi]]
|
|
|-
|1947
|''[[1000 Thalaivangi Apoorva Chinthamani]]''
|Apoorva Chinthamani
|
|-
|1948
|[[Chandralekha (1948 film)|''Chandralekha'']]
|a gypsy girl
|
|-
|1948
|''[[Raja Mukthi]]''
|Queen Mrinalini
|
|-
|1948
|''[[Mohini (1948 film)|Mohini]]''
|Mohini
|
|-
|1949
|''[[Velaikaari]]''
|Sarasa
|
|-
|}
===1950s===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Year
!Film
!Role
!Notes
|-
|1950
|''[[Marudhanaattu Ilavarasi]]''
|Princess Rani
|
|-
|1950
|''[[Laila Majnu (1950 film)|Laila Majnu]]''
|Zarina
|
|-
|1950
|[[Chandrika (film)|''Chandrika'']]
|
|[[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]
|-
|1951
|''[[Devaki (1951 film)|Devaki]]''
|Devaki
|
|-
|1953
|''[[Naam (1953 film)|Naam]]''
|Meena
|
|-
|}
===1960s===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Year
!Film
!Role
!Notes
|-
|1960
|''[[Vijayapuri Veeran]]''
|as dancer
|Last film
|}

==Political career==
Ramachandran swept the elections of 1977 and took office as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu. He remained Chief Minister from that time until the day of his death in 1987. Janaki was at his side throughout, but only as a devoted wife. She played no role and took little interest in his political activities or in matters of state. Ramachandran groomed other young leaders of his party for political responsibility, including the actress [[Jayalalithaa]], with whom he was said to share a great professional rapport.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

Nevertheless, when Ramachandran died in 1987, Janaki was asked by party members to take his place. In deference to their wishes, Janaki Ramachandran (as she was now known) became Chief minister in January 1988, shortly after her husband's death. Her government lasted only 24 days, the shortest in the history of Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jayalalithaa : A political career with sharp rises and steep falls|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Jayalalithaa-a-political-career-with-sharp-rises-and-steep-falls/article16760118.ece|access-date=6 December 2016|newspaper=The Hindu|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> She took his place as the Leader of the AIADMK party, which subsequently split into two factions.

Her ministry went for a sensitive vote of confidence of the Eighth Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly in January 1988. This was because AIADMK coalition with 194 MLAs had split into 3 factions, with one faction supporting Jayalalitha (30 MLA) and other supporting the new CM Janaki (101). The Congress party, under the directive of its national chief and then PM Rajiv Gandhi, had decided to completely vote neutral. The opposition severely demanded secret singular voting in the assembly, on the day of vote. But the speaker, rejected this. The speaker was a Janaki supporter, and had already disqualified 30 MLA of Jayalalitha faction, and also 15 MLA of DMK from MLA office, the previous day. He had also decreed that the cabinet must garner support of MLAs, who were physically present in the assembly at the time of vote. So instead of proving majority in 234 with just 101, Janaki had to prove majority in 198, which was easily possible. So, the speaker silenced the assembly, and called for vote. The DMK and AIADMK MLAs clashed within assembly, and many were injured bloodily, including the speaker. Without alternative, the speaker requested the CM to protect the house, and as a last measure, the CM called police into the house to quell the riot. Police and goons (disguised as police) clashed with each other. In midst of all these problems, the speaker announced unilaterally that the cabinet had won motion of confidence, and then ordered everyone to leave the hall, and he himself left the hall.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

But the Central Government under [[Rajiv Gandhi]], refused to accept this motion of confidence, and used Article 356 of the Constitution of India to dismiss her government in February the same year. Her party was subsequently defeated in the next elections that were held in 1989. She quit politics after the unification of the two factions of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jayalalithachildhood.blogspot.com/2009/11/mgr-unbelievable-facts.html|title=Jayalalitha Childhood Photos: MGR : Unbelievable Facts PART1|access-date=5 January 2020}}</ref> As a result, Janaki remains the only chief minister on record without ever winning a legislative election.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

==Death==
She died of a cardiac arrest<ref>{{Cite web|title=Not just Jayalalithaa: Find out how many TN CMs Karunanidhi outlived|url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/south/karunanidhi-jayalalithaa-tamil-nadu-chief-ministers-ten-dead|access-date=2021-05-08|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd|language=en}}</ref> on 19 May 1996. She was buried beside her residence at MGR Thottam in [[Ramapuram, Chennai|Raamapuram]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]].

==Legacy==
Janaki Ramachandran gifted her property in Avvai Shanmugham Salai (Lloyds Road) in honour of her husband to the AIADMK. It subsequently became the headquarters of the party in 1986.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mgrhome.org/memorial.html|title=MGR Memorial House|access-date=5 January 2020}}</ref> She was the founder chairman of The Satya Educational & Charitable Society managing many free educational institutions in Chennai. She gave property worth many million of dollars for the establishment of educational and charitable institutions in Tamil Nadu. She was also instrumental in setting up the Janaki Ramachandran Educational & Charitable Trust.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mgrhome.org/janaki.html |title=Janaki Donations |access-date=14 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926173307/http://www.mgrhome.org/janaki.html |archive-date=26 September 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Kollywood]]
* [[Chennai]]
* [[Janaki Ramachandran ministry]]
* [[Dr.MGR Janaki College of Arts and Science for Women]]
* [[Dr.MGR Home and Higher Secondary School for the Speech and Hearing Impaired]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Janaki Ramachandran}}
* [http://www.mgrhome.org Dr.MGR Home & Higher Secondary School for the Speech & Hearing Impaired]

{{S-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[M. G. Ramachandran]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu]]|years=1988}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Karunanidhi]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{Dravidian politics-hor}}
{{Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Janaki, V N}}
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:1996 deaths]]
[[Category:Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu politicians]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Indian actor-politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Women chief ministers of Indian states]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kottayam]]
[[Category:Women in Tamil Nadu politics]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
[[Category:Politicians from Kottayam]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Women of the Kingdom of Travancore]]
[[Category:People of the Kingdom of Travancore]]
[[Category:People from Vaikom]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:State funerals in India]]