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{{short description|Upper body garment of Vedic period}}
{{Distinguish|Uttarayana}}
[[File:In Welcome of Buddha - ACCN 34-2542 - Government Museum - Mathura 2013-02-24 5941.JPG|thumb|250px|Relief depicting men in [[antriya]] and uttariya, 1st century CE.]]
An '''uttariya''' ({{transl|sa|ISO|uttarīya}}) is a loose piece of upper body [[clothing]]. It is a single piece of cloth that falls from the back of the neck to curl around both arms and could also drape the top half of the body.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Shastri|first1=Ajay Mitra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NhVWAAAAYAAJ&q=An+antariya+is+a+lower+garment+from+ancient+India.|title=Ancient Indian Heritage, Varahamihira's India: Historical geography, religion, and society|last2=Varāhamihira|date=1996|publisher=Aryan Books International|isbn=978-81-7305-081-7|pages=224|language=en}}</ref> An Uttariya is similar to [[Veil|a veil]], a long scarf and [[shawl]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Ayyar|first=Sulochana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G9eHPXL6UE0C|title=Costumes and Ornaments as Depicted in the Sculptures of Gwalior Museum|date=1987|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-002-4|pages=34|language=en}}</ref>

The word ''uttarīya'' is from [[Sanskrit]]. Uttariya is the combination of ''Uttar (उत्तर)'' and suffix ''īya (ईय).''<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mehta|first=Tarla|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l7naMj1UxIkC&q=An+antariya+is+a+lower+garment+from+ancient+India.&pg=PA172|title=Sanskrit Play Production in Ancient India|date=1995|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ.|isbn=978-81-208-1057-0|language=en}}</ref> Uttariya in [[vedas]] comprehends various loose cloths worn for upper body such as {{transl|sa|ISO|upavasana}}, {{transl|sa|ISO|parayanahana}} and {{transl|sa|ISO|adhivasa}}, {{transl|sa|ISO|varhatika}} and {{transl|sa|ISO|varnaka}}, {{transl|sa|ISO|uttarsangha}} {{transl|sa|ISO|samvyana}}.<ref name=":4" />

== History ==
Uttariya was a garment for upper body in [[vedic period]]s.<ref name=":4" /> (1500 and 500 BCE.) The garments worn in the Vedic period mainly included a single cloth wrapped around the whole body and draped over the shoulder. People used to wear the lower garment called ''paridhana'' which was pleated in front and used to tie with a belt called ''mekhala'' and an upper garment called Uttariya (covered like a shawl) which they used to remove during summers. "Orthodox males and females usually wore the ''uttariya'' by throwing it over the left shoulder only, in the style called ''upavita''".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ayyar|first1=Sulochana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G9eHPXL6UE0C|title=Costumes and Ornaments as Depicted in the Sculptures of Gwalior Museum|date=1987|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=9788170990024|pages=95–96}}</ref> There was another garment called ''pravara'' that they used to wear in cold. This was the general garb of both the sexes but the difference existed only in size of cloth and manner of wearing. Sometimes the poor people used to wear the lower garment as a [[loincloth]] only while the wealthy would wear it extending to the feet as a sign of prestige.

[[Mahabharata]] (compiled between 4th BC 4th AD) refers the use of Uttariya as a garment. Even the [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Indo-Aryan]] men and women used it.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Vaidya|first=Chintaman Vinayak|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dmOUq73LZLgC&q=%22Uttariya%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA144|title=Epic India, Or, India as Described in the Mahabharata and the Ramayana|date=2001|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-1564-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Varadpande|first=Manohar Laxman|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOZB7MbeMrAC&q=uttariya+pandavas&pg=PA23|title=History of Indian Theatre: Classical theatre|date=1987|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-430-1|pages=47|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Jain|first=Simmi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NH1qr33kfXAC&q=%22Uttariya%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA99|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Women Through the Ages: Ancient India|date=2003|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7835-172-8|pages=99|language=en}}</ref> The colors of Uttariya were associated with distinct [[Varna (Hinduism)|varna]] in society then. [[Pandava]]s were observed wearing white.<ref name=":0" />

Women were using two uttariya sometimes. One for covering the head another across the arms. Women used ''satanmasuska or [[Choli|Sattanapatta]]'' (also known as ''kurpsika'' or ''kanchuki)'' to cover their breasts. As per mention in Buddhist [[Pali]] literature during the 6th century BC, [[Sari]] {{transl|sa|ISO|śāṭikā}} ({{lang-sa|शाटिका}}) is an evolved form of combining Sattanapatta, Uttariya and [[Antariya]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Women's Sarees guide and information resource about Women's Sarees : Clothing, Style and Fashion Style Directory by Apparel Search|url=https://www.apparelsearch.com/clothes/womens/s/sarees_guide_womens_sarees.htm|access-date=2020-12-09|website=www.apparelsearch.com}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=The history of sari: The nine yard wonder - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/buzz/the-history-of-sari-the-nine-yard-wonder/articleshow/70277974.cms|access-date=2020-12-09|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=[[Ananth Prabhu Gurpur|Ananth Prabhu G]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gyfoDwAAQBAJ&q=sari+evolved+from+antriya&pg=PA39|title=Glorious Bharat - Part 1|date=2020-05-30|publisher=[[Ananth Prabhu Gurpur|Ananth Prabhu G]]|pages=39|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QO2BAAAAMAAJ&q=Stanapatta|page=35|title=Fashion Styles of Ancient India: A Study of Kalinga from Earliest Times to Sixteenth Century Ad|first=Ramesh |last=Prasad Mohapatra|publisher=B.R. Publishing Corporation|year=1992|isbn=9788170187233}}</ref><ref>Prachya Pratibha, 1978 "Prachya Pratibha, Volume 6", p. 121</ref><ref>Agam Kala Prakashan, 1991 "Costume, coiffure, and ornaments in the temple sculpture of northern Andhra", p. 118</ref>

It was usually made of fine [[cotton]] or [[silk]], but can be suggested also with fine [[Hide (skin)|hide]].

Carvings that feature this garment date back a long way but there are few examples of this garment surviving so fashion historians study the reliefs.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kumar|first=Raj|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f-1XyQ2eIG8C&q=uttariya+pandavas&pg=PA7|title=Paintings and Lifestyles of Jammu Region: From 17th to 19th Century A.D.|date=2006|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7835-577-1|language=en}}</ref>

== Modern day use ==

=== Rituals in Hindu temples ===
Like [[Snana Yatra|snana yatra]] of [[Jagannath]], in many other [[Hindu temple|hindu temples]] the deities are offered distinguished Bheshas as a part of worship. Priests grace the [[Hindu deities|Gods]] with adequate clothing and jewelry.<ref>{{cite web|title=Juggernaut of Puri|url=http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/nindia/orissa/jaganath.htm|access-date=20 September 2006}}</ref> They use cloths Tadapa and Uttariya; the lower body's cloth is Tadapa,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ghurye|first=G. S.|title=Some Notes on Hindu Costume|date=1947|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42929589|journal=Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute|volume=8|pages=97–172|jstor=42929589|issn=0045-9801}}</ref> and Uttariya for the upper body.<ref>{{Cite web|last=B Samall - JASO|first=Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford, 1998 - anthro.ox.ac.uk|title=Applique Craft in Orissa, India: Continuity, Change, and Commercialization|url=https://www.anthro.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/anthro/documents/media/jaso29_1998.pdf#page=54}}</ref>

=== Buddhist clothing ===
Lay brothers of the Buddhist community would typically be dressed with the antriya, accompanied by an uttariya and a larger [[Chador|chadder]], all colored in saffron.

=== Daily use ===
Uttariya is still worn throughout [[Indian subcontinent]] and is traditionally worn over [[kurta]], [[achkan]] or [[sherwani]] since classical age. It was usually used in combination with the [[antriya]], an ancient version of the [[dhoti]], held with a sash or ''kamarbandh''. The uttariya could also be used as a dupatta, turban, by both men and women.

== See also ==

* [[Antariya]]
* [[Adivasah]]
* [[History of clothing in the Indian subcontinent]]
*[[Pratidhi]]
* [[Sari]]
*[[Stanapatta]]
*[[Nivi (garment)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Buddhism topics}}
{{Clothing in South Asia}}
{{Hindudharma}}
{{Religion topics}}
{{History of religions|state=collapsed}}
{{Portalbar|Hinduism|India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:History Of Hinduism}}

[[Category:Indian clothing]]
[[Category:Hindu religious clothing]]
[[Category:Buddhist religious clothing]]

Uttariya - Revision history

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