Uttar Pradesh Provincial Armed Constabulary - Revision history

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{{short description|Armed police force of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}

'''Uttar Pradesh Provincial Armed Constabulary''' ('''UP-PAC''') or '''''Pradeshik Armed Constabulary''''' ('''PAC''') is an armed police of the [[Indian state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is maintained at key locations across the state and active only on orders from the Deputy Inspector General and higher-level authorities. It is usually assigned to VIP duty or to maintain law and order during fairs, festivals, athletic events, elections, and natural disasters. They are also deployed to quell outbreaks of student or labor unrest, organized crime, and communal riots; to maintain key guard posts; and to participate in antiterrorist operations. The Provincial Armed Constabulary is equipped with [[INSAS rifle|INSAS]] semi automatic guns and usually carries only ''[[Lathi charge|lathis]]'' while controlling the mob during unrests. UP-PAC consists of a total of 20,000 personnel as of 2005, composed of 33 [[battalion]]s located in different cities across the state as a wing of [[Uttar Pradesh Police]]. Each battalion is commanded by a Commanding Officer(CO) who is usually an [[Indian Police Service|IPS]] officer of [[Superintendent of police (India)|Senior Superintendent]] rank, and has seven to eight companies consisting of 120 to 150 ''[[Jawans]]'', each company headed by a State Police officer of [[Inspector of Police|Inspector]] rank, who is usually referred to as company commander in the PAC and below company there are 3 platoons consisting of 40-50 [[Jawans]], each platoon is usually headed by a [[Sub-inspector|Sub-Inspector]] rank state police officer. The PAC is headed by the Additional Director General Provincial Armed Constabulary (ADG PAC).<ref>{{cite web | title=Gazette of India, part I, section 1 | publisher=Government of India | date=19 January 1957 | pages=16}}</ref><ref name="upp-pac">[http://uppolice.up.nic.in/pac.html Official website] [[Uttar Pradesh Police]]</ref>

==Awards==
Mohammad Isa Company Commander of IV Battalion of the UP-PAC stationed at [[Allahabad]] was awarded ''Police Medal for Gallantry'' on 14 January 1957 for his successful encounter with armed [[dacoit]]s in a forest near the Kurat village.<ref name="PMG">{{cite web | url=http://www.prideofindia.net/ipolice1.html | title=Police Medal for Gallantry | access-date=2013-06-25}}</ref>

==History==
Following is the summary of events related to UP-PAC:<ref name="upp-pac"/>
*1937–1941: In 1937, a decision was taken to organise a Police force of sanctioned strength of 7,000 personnel to be organised along military lines. The PAC Act stated the aim as an Act to raise an armed force for Law and Order duties, to be organised and drilled on military lines. The first 2 companies were accordingly raised by Colonel Thompson of the [[1st Brahmans]] with the help of Landlords of [[Deoria, Uttar Pradesh|Deoria]] and [[Ballia]] and from landlord's militias and retired sepoys. The first two companies were raised in 1937 and were paid for entirely by subscription of the landlords and businessmen. 15 battalions of [[United Provinces (1937–50)|United Provinces]] Military Police were raised from fresh recruits and retired military jawans between 1937 and 1942, the majority (6 battalions) from [[Bhumihar]]s and [[Rajputs]] from the Eastern part of the State ([[Poorvanchal]]), and 5 battalions with [[Jats]] and [[Tyagi]]s from [[Meerut]], [[Baghpat]], [[Kairana]], and [[Muzaffarnagar]] mixed with Poorvias; 3 battalions with [[Lodh]] and [[Jats]] from [[Agra]], [[Mathura]], [[Aligarh]], [[Hathras]] and [[Bulandshahr]] mixed with Poorvias and Tyagis/Jats both ; and 1 battalion raised from [[Jats]], [[Rajput]]s and [[Ahir]]s of [[Moradabad]], [[Bareilly]], [[Aonla, Uttar Pradesh|Aonla]], [[Pilibhit]], [[Badaun]] and [[Shahjahanpur]], mixed with Poorvias. So from the beginning, the [[martial races]] and specifically the [[Bhumihar]]s and [[Rajput]]s of [[Poorvanchal]] constituted a majority of the composition of the force. Each Battalion had 4 companies and each company was to be headed by a DySP.
*1948: United Provinces Military Police and United Provinces State Armed Constabulary were amalgamated into the United Provinces Provincial Armed Constabulary by enactment of [http://uppolice.up.nic.in/All%20Rules/The%20U.P.%20Pradeshik%20Armed%20%20Constabulary%20Act,%201948.pdf The U.P. Pradeshik Armed Constabulary Act, 1948 - Uttar Pradesh]
*1950: Renamed to Uttar Pradesh Provincial Armed Constabulary due change of name of state
*1956: Renamed to Uttar Pradesh Pradeshik Armed Constabulary by enactment of U.P. Act XXX of 1956
*1962-73: 17 new battalions were raised, mostly from [[Bhumihar]]s, [[Rajput]]s and [[Yadav]]s from [[Poorvanchal]] and [[Tyagi]]s and [[Jat]]s from [[Meerut]], [[Baghpat]], [[Muzaffarnagar]], and [[Bulandshahr]]; but also 4 battalions from the [[Garhwali people|Garhwalis]] and [[Kumauni people|Kumaonis]], and [[martial races]] ([[Rajputs]], [[Lodh]]s, [[Ahir]]s, and [[Gujjar]]s from [[Agra]], [[Etah]], [[Mainpuri]], [[Etawah]], [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]] and the [[Bundelkhand]] region of [[Jalaun]], [[Jhansi]] and [[Auraiya]].).

A unit called Special Police Force (SPF) previously existed to operate in cooperation with [[Indian Army]]. In the 1990s the SPF was merged into the 9th battalion of the PAC, which is situated in [[Moradabad]].

The 46 Battalion called Task Force existed till 1998 (Jawans use to wear insignia of Tiger on their Uniform's Arms), with the special task to fight Dacoits and Insurgents on achieving its goal was again converted to normal PAC Battalion (Presently located at Rudrapur, under Uttarakhand Provincial Armed Constabulary).

In [[1973 Provincial Armed Constabulary revolt|May 1973, 12 battalions of the UP-PAC revolted]] and the Army was called in to control. About 30 policemen were killed and hundreds were arrested and dismissed from service.<ref name="PI">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WIrLjQrgJGoC&pg=PA473 | title=The police in India | publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist | year=1997 | access-date=2013-06-25 | author=M. B. Chande | pages=473| isbn=9788171566280 }}</ref> In 1982 two petitions to disband UP-PAC were filed in [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]].<ref name="RB">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I8qWcQNfX_IC&q=Uttar+Pradesh+Provincial+Armed+Constabulary&pg=PA97 | title=Rivers of Blood: A Comparative Study of Government Massacres | publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group | date=1 Jan 1995 | access-date=2013-06-25 | pages=104| isbn=9780275951658 }}</ref>

==Allegations related to human rights violations==
UP-PAC had been alleged to be involved in number of human rights violation cases,<ref name="AAA">{{cite web | url=http://archive.asianage.com/columnists/70s-show-464 | title=That '70s show | publisher=The Asian Age | date=24 May 2011 | access-date=2013-06-25 | author=Ashok Malik}}</ref> including:
* Worsening the situation during 1978 Aligarh riots
* Massacring more than 150 people during [[1980 Moradabad riots]]
* Instigating communal violence in Meerut in 1982
* Massacring over 40 people, from the Hashimpura ''mohalla'' (locality) of the Meerut city in the incidence known as [[Hashimpura massacre]]<ref name="Rediff-2007-05-25">{{cite web | url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/bobby/20070525.htm | title=After 20 years, Hashimpura survivors find hope in RTI Act | work=Rediff.com | date=25 May 2007| access-date=2013-06-25}}</ref>
* Looting the markets in Kanpur while on duty in 2001<ref name="MG-20010515">{{cite web | url=http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/15052001/16.htm | title=PAC anti-Muslim bias confirmed; 7 jawans suspended for looting | publisher=Pharos Media & Publishing Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, India | date=2011-05-15 | access-date=2013-06-25}}</ref>

==Recent events==
In 2001 the Maoists looted 14 [[Semi-automatic rifle|SLRs]] from Khoradih UP-PAC camp in [[Mirzapur]].

In November 2004 the Naugharh landmine blast by [[Maoist]]s in [[Chandauli district]] in which [[naxalite]]s ambushed a police party, killing 17 police officers, 13 UP-PAC ''jawans'' and 4 [[Uttar Pradesh Police|UP-Police]] constables.<ref name="Rediff-20041125">{{cite web | url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/kanch/20041125.htm | title=17 policemen killed in UP naxal ambush | work=rediff.com | date=21 November 2004| access-date=2013-06-25}}</ref><ref name="TOI-20130601">{{cite web | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-01/varanasi/39674649_1_naxal-cadres-tendu-leaf-chandauli | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130628042457/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-01/varanasi/39674649_1_naxal-cadres-tendu-leaf-chandauli | url-status=dead | archive-date=28 June 2013 | title=Cops to remain alert for CM's visit to Chandauli | date=1 Jun 2013| work=[[The Times of India]] | access-date=2013-06-25}}</ref>

During [[2013 North India floods]] UP-PAC and [[Indian Army|Army]] rescue teams shifted 25,000 to 30,000 people to safer places from flooded villages in Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="TOI-20130623-01">{{cite web | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-23/lucknow/40146664_1_three-bodies-two-bodies-unidentified-bodies | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930032221/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-23/lucknow/40146664_1_three-bodies-two-bodies-unidentified-bodies | url-status=dead | archive-date=30 September 2013 | title=Rivers still rising, over a dozen bodies recovered | date=23 Jun 2013| work=[[The Times of India]] | access-date=2013-06-25}}</ref><ref name="TOI-20130623-02">{{cite web | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-23/india/40146197_1_ballia-death-toll-mirzapur | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130628042451/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-23/india/40146197_1_ballia-death-toll-mirzapur | url-status=dead | archive-date=28 June 2013 | title=UP flood: Death toll reaches 45 | date=23 Jun 2013| work=[[The Times of India]] | access-date=2013-06-25}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[State Armed Police Forces]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Law enforcement in India}}

[[Category:Government of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh Police]]
[[Category:1937 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1937]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1937]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:23, 31 October 2025
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	{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2019}}		{{Use Indian English\|date=August 2019}}

	'''Uttar Pradesh Provincial Armed Constabulary''' ('''UP-PAC''') or '''''~~Pradeshik~~ Armed Constabulary''''' ('''PAC''') is an armed police of the [[Indian state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is maintained at key locations across the state and active only on orders from the Deputy Inspector General and higher-level authorities. It is usually assigned to VIP duty or to maintain law and order during fairs, festivals, athletic events, elections, and natural disasters. They are also deployed to quell outbreaks of student or labor unrest, organized crime, and communal riots; to maintain key guard posts; and to participate in antiterrorist operations. The Provincial Armed Constabulary is equipped with [[INSAS rifle\|INSAS]] semi automatic guns and usually carries only ''[[Lathi charge\|lathis]]'' while controlling the mob during unrests. UP-PAC consists of a total of 20,000 personnel as of 2005, composed of 33 [[battalion]]s located in different cities across the state as a wing of [[Uttar Pradesh Police]]. Each battalion is commanded by a Commanding Officer(CO) who is usually an [[Indian Police Service\|IPS]] officer of [[Superintendent of police (India)\|Senior Superintendent]] rank, and has seven to eight companies consisting of 120 to 150 ''[[Jawans]]'', each company headed by a State Police officer of [[Inspector of Police\|Inspector]] rank, who is usually referred to as company commander in the PAC and below company there are 3 platoons consisting of 40-50 [[Jawans]], each platoon is usually headed by a [[Sub-inspector\|Sub-Inspector]] rank state police officer. The PAC is headed by the Additional Director General Provincial Armed Constabulary (ADG PAC).<ref>{{cite web \| title=Gazette of India, part I, section 1 \| publisher=Government of India \| date=19 January 1957 \| pages=16}}</ref><ref name="upp-pac">[http://uppolice.up.nic.in/pac.html Official website] [[Uttar Pradesh Police]]</ref>		'''Uttar Pradesh Provincial Armed Constabulary''' ('''UP-PAC''') or '''''Provincial Armed Constabulary''''' ('''PAC''') is an armed police of the [[Indian state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is maintained at key locations across the state and active only on orders from the Deputy Inspector General and higher-level authorities. It is usually assigned to VIP duty or to maintain law and order during fairs, festivals, athletic events, elections, and natural disasters. They are also deployed to quell outbreaks of student or labor unrest, organized crime, and communal riots; to maintain key guard posts; and to participate in antiterrorist operations. The Provincial Armed Constabulary is equipped with [[INSAS rifle\|INSAS]] semi automatic guns and usually carries only ''[[Lathi charge\|lathis]]'' while controlling the mob during unrests. UP-PAC consists of a total of 20,000 personnel as of 2005, composed of 33 [[battalion]]s located in different cities across the state as a wing of [[Uttar Pradesh Police]]. Each battalion is commanded by a Commanding Officer(CO) who is usually an [[Indian Police Service\|IPS]] officer of [[Superintendent of police (India)\|Senior Superintendent]] rank, and has seven to eight companies consisting of 120 to 150 ''[[Jawans]]'', each company headed by a State Police officer of [[Inspector of Police\|Inspector]] rank, who is usually referred to as company commander in the PAC and below company there are 3 platoons consisting of 40-50 [[Jawans]], each platoon is usually headed by a [[Sub-inspector\|Sub-Inspector]] rank state police officer. The PAC is headed by the Additional Director General Provincial Armed Constabulary (ADG PAC).<ref>{{cite web \| title=Gazette of India, part I, section 1 \| publisher=Government of India \| date=19 January 1957 \| pages=16}}</ref><ref name="upp-pac">[http://uppolice.up.nic.in/pac.html Official website] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518190346/http://uppolice.up.nic.in/pac.html \|date=18 May 2014 }} [[Uttar Pradesh Police]]</ref>

	==Awards==		==Awards==
Line 10:		Line 10:
	==History==		==History==
	Following is the summary of events related to UP-PAC:<ref name="upp-pac"/>		Following is the summary of events related to UP-PAC:<ref name="upp-pac"/>
	*1937–1941: In 1937, a decision was taken to organise a Police force of sanctioned strength of 7,000 personnel to be organised along military lines. The PAC Act stated the aim as an Act to raise an armed force for Law and Order duties, to be organised and drilled on military lines. The first 2 companies were accordingly raised by Colonel Thompson of the [[1st Brahmans]] with the help of Landlords of [[Deoria, Uttar Pradesh\|Deoria]] and [[Ballia]] and from landlord's militias and retired sepoys. The first two companies were raised in 1937 and were paid for entirely by subscription of the landlords and businessmen. 15 battalions of [[United Provinces (1937–50)\|United Provinces]] Military Police were raised from fresh recruits and retired military jawans between 1937 and 1942, the majority (6 battalions) from [[Bhumihar]]s and [[Rajputs]] from the Eastern part of the State ([[Poorvanchal]]), and 5 battalions with [[Jats]] and [[Tyagi]]s from [[Meerut]], [[Baghpat]], [[Kairana]], and [[Muzaffarnagar]] mixed with Poorvias; 3 battalions with [[Lodh]] and [[Jats]] from [[Agra]], [[Mathura]], [[Aligarh]], [[Hathras]] and [[Bulandshahr]] mixed with Poorvias and Tyagis/Jats both ; and 1 battalion raised from [[Jats]], [[Rajput]]s and [[Ahir]]s of [[Moradabad]], [[Bareilly]], [[Aonla, Uttar Pradesh\|Aonla]], [[Pilibhit]], [[Badaun]] and [[Shahjahanpur]], mixed with Poorvias. So from the beginning, the [[martial races]] and specifically the [[Bhumihar]]s and [[Rajput]]s of [[Poorvanchal]] constituted a majority of the composition of the force. Each Battalion had 4 companies and each company was to be headed by a DySP.		*1937–1941: In 1937, a decision was taken to organise a Police force of sanctioned strength of 7,000 personnel to be organised along military lines. The PAC Act stated the aim as an Act to raise an armed force for Law and Order duties, to be organised and drilled on military lines. The first 2 companies were accordingly raised by Colonel Thompson of the [[1st Brahmans]] with the help of Landlords of [[Deoria, Uttar Pradesh\|Deoria]] and [[Ballia]] and from landlord's militias and retired sepoys. The first two companies were raised in 1937 and were paid for entirely by subscription of the landlords and businessmen. 15 battalions of [[United Provinces (1937–50)\|United Provinces]] Military Police were raised from fresh recruits and retired military jawans between 1937 and 1942, the majority (6 battalions) from [[Bhumihar]]s and [[Rajputs]] from the Eastern part of the State ([[Poorvanchal]]), and 5 battalions with [[Jats]] and [[Tyagi]]s from [[Meerut]], [[Baghpat]], [[Kairana]], and [[Muzaffarnagar]] mixed with Poorvias; 3 battalions with [[Lodh]] and [[Jats]] from [[Agra]], [[Mathura]], [[Aligarh]], [[Hathras]] and [[Bulandshahr]] mixed with Poorvias and Tyagis/Jats both; and 1 battalion raised from [[Jats]], [[Rajput]]s and [[Ahir]]s of [[Moradabad]], [[Bareilly]], [[Aonla, Uttar Pradesh\|Aonla]], [[Pilibhit]], [[Badaun]] and [[Shahjahanpur]], mixed with Poorvias. So from the beginning, the [[martial races]] and specifically the [[Bhumihar]]s and [[Rajput]]s of [[Poorvanchal]] constituted a majority of the composition of the force. Each Battalion had 4 companies and each company was to be headed by a DySP.
	*1948: United Provinces Military Police and United Provinces State Armed Constabulary were amalgamated into the United Provinces Provincial Armed Constabulary by enactment of [http://uppolice.up.nic.in/All%20Rules/The%20U.P.%20Pradeshik%20Armed%20%20Constabulary%20Act,%201948.pdf The U.P. Pradeshik Armed Constabulary Act, 1948 - Uttar Pradesh]		*1948: United Provinces Military Police and United Provinces State Armed Constabulary were amalgamated into the United Provinces Provincial Armed Constabulary by enactment of [http://uppolice.up.nic.in/All%20Rules/The%20U.P.%20Pradeshik%20Armed%20%20Constabulary%20Act,%201948.pdf The U.P. Pradeshik Armed Constabulary Act, 1948 - Uttar Pradesh]
	*1950: Renamed to Uttar Pradesh Provincial Armed Constabulary due change of name of state		*1950: Renamed to Uttar Pradesh Provincial Armed Constabulary due change of name of state
Line 20:		Line 20:
	The 46 Battalion called Task Force existed till 1998 (Jawans use to wear insignia of Tiger on their Uniform's Arms), with the special task to fight Dacoits and Insurgents on achieving its goal was again converted to normal PAC Battalion (Presently located at Rudrapur, under Uttarakhand Provincial Armed Constabulary).		The 46 Battalion called Task Force existed till 1998 (Jawans use to wear insignia of Tiger on their Uniform's Arms), with the special task to fight Dacoits and Insurgents on achieving its goal was again converted to normal PAC Battalion (Presently located at Rudrapur, under Uttarakhand Provincial Armed Constabulary).

	In [[1973 Provincial Armed Constabulary revolt\|May 1973, 12 battalions of the UP-PAC revolted]] and the Army was called in to control. About 30 policemen were killed and hundreds were arrested and dismissed from service.<ref name="PI">{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WIrLjQrgJGoC&pg=PA473 \| title=The police in India \| publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist \| year=1997 \| access-date=2013-06-25 \| author=M. B. Chande \| pages=473\| isbn=9788171566280 }}</ref> In 1982 two petitions to disband UP-PAC were filed in [[Supreme Court of India\|Supreme Court]].<ref name="RB">{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I8qWcQNfX_IC&q=Uttar+Pradesh+Provincial+Armed+Constabulary&pg=PA97 \| title=Rivers of Blood: A Comparative Study of Government Massacres \| publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group \| date=1 Jan 1995 \| access-date=2013-06-25 \| pages=104\| isbn=9780275951658 }}</ref>		In [[1973 Uttar Pradesh Provincial Armed Constabulary revolt\|May 1973, 12 battalions of the UP-PAC revolted]] and the Army was called in to control. About 30 policemen were killed and hundreds were arrested and dismissed from service.<ref name="PI">{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WIrLjQrgJGoC&pg=PA473 \| title=The police in India \| publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist \| year=1997 \| access-date=2013-06-25 \| author=M. B. Chande \| pages=473\| isbn=9788171566280 }}</ref> In 1982 two petitions to disband UP-PAC were filed in [[Supreme Court of India\|Supreme Court]].<ref name="RB">{{cite book \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I8qWcQNfX_IC&q=Uttar+Pradesh+Provincial+Armed+Constabulary&pg=PA97 \| title=Rivers of Blood: A Comparative Study of Government Massacres \| publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group \| date=1 Jan 1995 \| access-date=2013-06-25 \| pages=104\| isbn=9780275951658 }}</ref>

	==Allegations related to human rights violations==		==Allegations related to human rights violations==
	UP-PAC had been alleged to be involved in number of human rights violation cases,<ref name="AAA">{{cite web \| url=http://archive.asianage.com/columnists/70s-show-464 \| title=That '70s show \| publisher=The Asian Age \| date=24 May 2011 \| access-date=2013-06-25 \| author=Ashok Malik}}</ref> including:		UP-PAC had been alleged to be involved in number of human rights violation cases,<ref name="AAA">{{cite web \| url=http://archive.asianage.com/columnists/70s-show-464 \| title=That '70s show \| publisher=The Asian Age \| date=24 May 2011 \| access-date=2013-06-25 \| author=Ashok Malik}}</ref> including:
	* Worsening the situation during 1978 Aligarh riots		* Worsening the situation during 1978 Aligarh riots.
	* Massacring more than 150 people during [[1980 Moradabad riots]]		* Massacring more than 150 people during [[1980 Moradabad riots]]
	* Instigating communal violence in Meerut in 1982		* Instigating communal violence in Meerut in 1982
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	{{Reflist\|2}}		{{Reflist\|2}}

	{{Law enforcement in India}}		{{Law enforcement agencies of India}}

	[[Category:Government of Uttar Pradesh]]		[[Category:Government of Uttar Pradesh]]