Uttar Pradesh - Revision history

WikiDwarf: Undo revision 565545 by Indianachievers2026 (talk)

2026-10-03T03:59:03Z

Undo revision 565545 by Indianachievers2026 (talk)

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:29, 3 October 2026
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	Out of the sixteen ''[[mahajanapadas]]'' ({{lit\|great realms}}) or [[Oligarchy\|oligarchic]] [[republic]]s that existed in ancient India, seven fell entirely within the present-day boundaries of the state.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Uttar Pradesh – History \|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Uttar-Pradesh \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401072447/https://www.britannica.com/place/Uttar-Pradesh \|archive-date=1 April 2020 \|access-date=12 January 2020 \|website=Encyclopædia Britannica\|quote=A systematic history of India and the area of Uttar Pradesh dates to the end of the 7th century BCE, when 16 mahajanapadas (great states) in northern India were contending for supremacy. Of those, seven fell entirely within the present-day boundaries of Uttar Pradesh.}}</ref> The kingdom of [[Kosala]], in the [[Mahajanapada]] era, was also located within the regional boundaries of modern-day Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="Sen1999">{{Cite book \|last=Sailendra Nath Sen \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA105 \|title=Ancient Indian History And Civilization \|publisher=New Age International \|year=1999 \|isbn=978-8122411980 \|pages=105–106 \|access-date=1 October 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528155843/http://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA105 \|archive-date=28 May 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Hinduism, the divine King [[Rama]] of the [[Ramayana]] epic reigned in [[Ayodhya]], the capital of Kosala.<ref name="Buck2000">{{Cite book \|last=William Buck \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vvuIp2kqIkMC \|title=Ramayana \|date=2000 \|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass \|isbn=978-8120817203 \|access-date=1 October 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604213755/http://books.google.com/books?id=vvuIp2kqIkMC \|archive-date=4 June 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Krishna]], another divine king of Hindu legend, who plays a key role in the [[Mahabharata]] epic and is revered as the eighth reincarnation ([[Avatar]]) of the Hindu god [[Vishnu]], is said to have been born in the city of [[Mathura]].<ref name="Sen1999" /> The aftermath of the [[Kurukshetra War]] is believed to have taken place in the area between the [[Doab#Upper Doab\|Upper Doab]] and [[Delhi]], (in what was [[Kuru Kingdom\|Kuru]] Mahajanapada), during the reign of the [[Pandava]] King [[Yudhishthira]]. The kingdom of the Kurus corresponds to the [[Black and Red Ware]] and [[Painted Gray Ware]] culture and the beginning of the Iron Age in northwest India, around 1000 BCE.<ref name="Sen1999" />		Out of the sixteen ''[[mahajanapadas]]'' ({{lit\|great realms}}) or [[Oligarchy\|oligarchic]] [[republic]]s that existed in ancient India, seven fell entirely within the present-day boundaries of the state.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Uttar Pradesh – History \|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Uttar-Pradesh \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401072447/https://www.britannica.com/place/Uttar-Pradesh \|archive-date=1 April 2020 \|access-date=12 January 2020 \|website=Encyclopædia Britannica\|quote=A systematic history of India and the area of Uttar Pradesh dates to the end of the 7th century BCE, when 16 mahajanapadas (great states) in northern India were contending for supremacy. Of those, seven fell entirely within the present-day boundaries of Uttar Pradesh.}}</ref> The kingdom of [[Kosala]], in the [[Mahajanapada]] era, was also located within the regional boundaries of modern-day Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="Sen1999">{{Cite book \|last=Sailendra Nath Sen \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA105 \|title=Ancient Indian History And Civilization \|publisher=New Age International \|year=1999 \|isbn=978-8122411980 \|pages=105–106 \|access-date=1 October 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528155843/http://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA105 \|archive-date=28 May 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Hinduism, the divine King [[Rama]] of the [[Ramayana]] epic reigned in [[Ayodhya]], the capital of Kosala.<ref name="Buck2000">{{Cite book \|last=William Buck \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vvuIp2kqIkMC \|title=Ramayana \|date=2000 \|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass \|isbn=978-8120817203 \|access-date=1 October 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604213755/http://books.google.com/books?id=vvuIp2kqIkMC \|archive-date=4 June 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Krishna]], another divine king of Hindu legend, who plays a key role in the [[Mahabharata]] epic and is revered as the eighth reincarnation ([[Avatar]]) of the Hindu god [[Vishnu]], is said to have been born in the city of [[Mathura]].<ref name="Sen1999" /> The aftermath of the [[Kurukshetra War]] is believed to have taken place in the area between the [[Doab#Upper Doab\|Upper Doab]] and [[Delhi]], (in what was [[Kuru Kingdom\|Kuru]] Mahajanapada), during the reign of the [[Pandava]] King [[Yudhishthira]]. The kingdom of the Kurus corresponds to the [[Black and Red Ware]] and [[Painted Gray Ware]] culture and the beginning of the Iron Age in northwest India, around 1000 BCE.<ref name="Sen1999" />

	Control over Gangetic plains region was of vital importance to the power and stability of all of India's major empires, including the [[Maurya Empire\|Maurya]] (320–200 BCE), [[Kushan Empire\|Kushan]] (100–250 CE), [[Gupta Empire\|Gupta]] (350–600), and [[Gurjara-Pratihara]] (650–1036) empires.<ref name="White2010">{{Cite book \|last=Richard White \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fHLfiOZVzmMC \|title=The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650–1815 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|year=2010 \|isbn=978-1107005624 \|access-date=1 October 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528145049/http://books.google.com/books?id=fHLfiOZVzmMC \|archive-date=28 May 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the [[Huns]]' invasions that broke the Gupta empire, the [[Doab#The Doab\|Ganges-Yamuna Doab]] saw the rise of [[Kannauj]].<ref name="Corporation2007">{{Cite book \|last=Marshall Cavendish Corporation \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V1pQkwIXTG0C&pg=PA331 \|title=World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia \|date=2007 \|publisher=Marshall Cavendish \|isbn=978-0761476313 \|pages=331–335 \|access-date=1 October 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605122741/http://books.google.com/books?id=V1pQkwIXTG0C&pg=PA331 \|archive-date=5 June 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> During the reign of [[Harshavardhana]] (590–647), the Kannauj empire reached its zenith.<ref name="Corporation2007" /> It spanned from [[Punjab]] in the north and [[Gujarat]] in the west to [[Bengal]] in the east and [[Odisha]] in the south.<ref name="Sen1999" /> It included parts of central India, north of the [[Narmada River]] and it encompassed the entire [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]].<ref name="Chopra2003" /> ~~many~~ communities in various parts of India claim descent from the migrants of Kannauj.<ref name="Bowman2000" /> Soon after Harshavardhana's death, his empire disintegrated into many kingdoms, which were invaded and ruled by the Gurjara-Pratihara empire, which challenged Bengal's [[Pala Empire]] for control of the region.<ref name="Chopra2003">{{Cite book \|last=Pran Nath Chopra \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gE7udqBkACwC&pg=PA196 \|title=A Comprehensive History of Ancient India \|date=2003 \|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd \|isbn=978-8120725034 \|page=196 \|access-date=1 October 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528140148/http://books.google.com/books?id=gE7udqBkACwC&pg=PA196 \|archive-date=28 May 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> Kannauj was several times invaded by the South Indian [[Rashtrakuta dynasty]], from the 8th century to the 10th century.<ref>The History of India by Kenneth Pletcher p. 102</ref><ref>The City in South Asia by James Heitzman p. 37</ref> After the fall of the Pala empire, the [[Chero dynasty]] ruled from the 12th century to the 18th century.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Singh \|first=Pradyuman \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=399UDwAAQBAJ&q=chero+dynasty&pg=PT71 \|title=Bihar General Knowledge Digest \|date=19 January 2021 \|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan \|isbn=978-9352667697}}</ref>		Control over Gangetic plains region was of vital importance to the power and stability of all of India's major empires, including the [[Maurya Empire\|Maurya]] (320–200 BCE), [[Kushan Empire\|Kushan]] (100–250 CE), [[Gupta Empire\|Gupta]] (350–600), and [[Gurjara-Pratihara]] (650–1036) empires.<ref name="White2010">{{Cite book \|last=Richard White \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fHLfiOZVzmMC \|title=The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650–1815 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|year=2010 \|isbn=978-1107005624 \|access-date=1 October 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528145049/http://books.google.com/books?id=fHLfiOZVzmMC \|archive-date=28 May 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the [[Huns]]' invasions that broke the Gupta empire, the [[Doab#The Doab\|Ganges-Yamuna Doab]] saw the rise of [[Kannauj]].<ref name="Corporation2007">{{Cite book \|last=Marshall Cavendish Corporation \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V1pQkwIXTG0C&pg=PA331 \|title=World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia \|date=2007 \|publisher=Marshall Cavendish \|isbn=978-0761476313 \|pages=331–335 \|access-date=1 October 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605122741/http://books.google.com/books?id=V1pQkwIXTG0C&pg=PA331 \|archive-date=5 June 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> During the reign of [[Harshavardhana]] (590–647), the Kannauj empire reached its zenith.<ref name="Corporation2007" /> It spanned from [[Punjab]] in the north and [[Gujarat]] in the west to [[Bengal]] in the east and [[Odisha]] in the south.<ref name="Sen1999" /> It included parts of central India, north of the [[Narmada River]] and it encompassed the entire [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]].<ref name="Chopra2003" /> Many communities in various parts of India claim descent from the migrants of Kannauj.<ref name="Bowman2000" /> Soon after Harshavardhana's death, his empire disintegrated into many kingdoms, which were invaded and ruled by the Gurjara-Pratihara empire, which challenged Bengal's [[Pala Empire]] for control of the region.<ref name="Chopra2003">{{Cite book \|last=Pran Nath Chopra \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gE7udqBkACwC&pg=PA196 \|title=A Comprehensive History of Ancient India \|date=2003 \|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd \|isbn=978-8120725034 \|page=196 \|access-date=1 October 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528140148/http://books.google.com/books?id=gE7udqBkACwC&pg=PA196 \|archive-date=28 May 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> Kannauj was several times invaded by the South Indian [[Rashtrakuta dynasty]], from the 8th century to the 10th century.<ref>The History of India by Kenneth Pletcher p. 102</ref><ref>The City in South Asia by James Heitzman p. 37</ref> After the fall of the Pala empire, the [[Chero dynasty]] ruled from the 12th century to the 18th century.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Singh \|first=Pradyuman \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=399UDwAAQBAJ&q=chero+dynasty&pg=PT71 \|title=Bihar General Knowledge Digest \|date=19 January 2021 \|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan \|isbn=978-9352667697}}</ref>

	==== Delhi Sultanate ====		==== Delhi Sultanate ====

Indianachievers2026 at 19:39, 2 October 2026

2026-10-02T19:39:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:09, 3 October 2026
Line 131:		Line 131:
	Out of the sixteen ''[[mahajanapadas]]'' ({{lit\|great realms}}) or [[Oligarchy\|oligarchic]] [[republic]]s that existed in ancient India, seven fell entirely within the present-day boundaries of the state.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Uttar Pradesh – History \|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Uttar-Pradesh \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401072447/https://www.britannica.com/place/Uttar-Pradesh \|archive-date=1 April 2020 \|access-date=12 January 2020 \|website=Encyclopædia Britannica\|quote=A systematic history of India and the area of Uttar Pradesh dates to the end of the 7th century BCE, when 16 mahajanapadas (great states) in northern India were contending for supremacy. Of those, seven fell entirely within the present-day boundaries of Uttar Pradesh.}}</ref> The kingdom of [[Kosala]], in the [[Mahajanapada]] era, was also located within the regional boundaries of modern-day Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="Sen1999">{{Cite book \|last=Sailendra Nath Sen \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA105 \|title=Ancient Indian History And Civilization \|publisher=New Age International \|year=1999 \|isbn=978-8122411980 \|pages=105–106 \|access-date=1 October 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528155843/http://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA105 \|archive-date=28 May 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Hinduism, the divine King [[Rama]] of the [[Ramayana]] epic reigned in [[Ayodhya]], the capital of Kosala.<ref name="Buck2000">{{Cite book \|last=William Buck \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vvuIp2kqIkMC \|title=Ramayana \|date=2000 \|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass \|isbn=978-8120817203 \|access-date=1 October 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604213755/http://books.google.com/books?id=vvuIp2kqIkMC \|archive-date=4 June 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Krishna]], another divine king of Hindu legend, who plays a key role in the [[Mahabharata]] epic and is revered as the eighth reincarnation ([[Avatar]]) of the Hindu god [[Vishnu]], is said to have been born in the city of [[Mathura]].<ref name="Sen1999" /> The aftermath of the [[Kurukshetra War]] is believed to have taken place in the area between the [[Doab#Upper Doab\|Upper Doab]] and [[Delhi]], (in what was [[Kuru Kingdom\|Kuru]] Mahajanapada), during the reign of the [[Pandava]] King [[Yudhishthira]]. The kingdom of the Kurus corresponds to the [[Black and Red Ware]] and [[Painted Gray Ware]] culture and the beginning of the Iron Age in northwest India, around 1000 BCE.<ref name="Sen1999" />		Out of the sixteen ''[[mahajanapadas]]'' ({{lit\|great realms}}) or [[Oligarchy\|oligarchic]] [[republic]]s that existed in ancient India, seven fell entirely within the present-day boundaries of the state.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Uttar Pradesh – History \|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Uttar-Pradesh \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401072447/https://www.britannica.com/place/Uttar-Pradesh \|archive-date=1 April 2020 \|access-date=12 January 2020 \|website=Encyclopædia Britannica\|quote=A systematic history of India and the area of Uttar Pradesh dates to the end of the 7th century BCE, when 16 mahajanapadas (great states) in northern India were contending for supremacy. Of those, seven fell entirely within the present-day boundaries of Uttar Pradesh.}}</ref> The kingdom of [[Kosala]], in the [[Mahajanapada]] era, was also located within the regional boundaries of modern-day Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="Sen1999">{{Cite book \|last=Sailendra Nath Sen \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA105 \|title=Ancient Indian History And Civilization \|publisher=New Age International \|year=1999 \|isbn=978-8122411980 \|pages=105–106 \|access-date=1 October 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528155843/http://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA105 \|archive-date=28 May 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Hinduism, the divine King [[Rama]] of the [[Ramayana]] epic reigned in [[Ayodhya]], the capital of Kosala.<ref name="Buck2000">{{Cite book \|last=William Buck \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vvuIp2kqIkMC \|title=Ramayana \|date=2000 \|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass \|isbn=978-8120817203 \|access-date=1 October 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604213755/http://books.google.com/books?id=vvuIp2kqIkMC \|archive-date=4 June 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Krishna]], another divine king of Hindu legend, who plays a key role in the [[Mahabharata]] epic and is revered as the eighth reincarnation ([[Avatar]]) of the Hindu god [[Vishnu]], is said to have been born in the city of [[Mathura]].<ref name="Sen1999" /> The aftermath of the [[Kurukshetra War]] is believed to have taken place in the area between the [[Doab#Upper Doab\|Upper Doab]] and [[Delhi]], (in what was [[Kuru Kingdom\|Kuru]] Mahajanapada), during the reign of the [[Pandava]] King [[Yudhishthira]]. The kingdom of the Kurus corresponds to the [[Black and Red Ware]] and [[Painted Gray Ware]] culture and the beginning of the Iron Age in northwest India, around 1000 BCE.<ref name="Sen1999" />

	Control over Gangetic plains region was of vital importance to the power and stability of all of India's major empires, including the [[Maurya Empire\|Maurya]] (320–200 BCE), [[Kushan Empire\|Kushan]] (100–250 CE), [[Gupta Empire\|Gupta]] (350–600), and [[Gurjara-Pratihara]] (650–1036) empires.<ref name="White2010">{{Cite book \|last=Richard White \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fHLfiOZVzmMC \|title=The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650–1815 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|year=2010 \|isbn=978-1107005624 \|access-date=1 October 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528145049/http://books.google.com/books?id=fHLfiOZVzmMC \|archive-date=28 May 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the [[Huns]]' invasions that broke the Gupta empire, the [[Doab#The Doab\|Ganges-Yamuna Doab]] saw the rise of [[Kannauj]].<ref name="Corporation2007">{{Cite book \|last=Marshall Cavendish Corporation \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V1pQkwIXTG0C&pg=PA331 \|title=World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia \|date=2007 \|publisher=Marshall Cavendish \|isbn=978-0761476313 \|pages=331–335 \|access-date=1 October 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605122741/http://books.google.com/books?id=V1pQkwIXTG0C&pg=PA331 \|archive-date=5 June 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> During the reign of [[Harshavardhana]] (590–647), the Kannauj empire reached its zenith.<ref name="Corporation2007" /> It spanned from [[Punjab]] in the north and [[Gujarat]] in the west to [[Bengal]] in the east and [[Odisha]] in the south.<ref name="Sen1999" /> It included parts of central India, north of the [[Narmada River]] and it encompassed the entire [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]].<ref name="Chopra2003" /> ~~Many~~ communities in various parts of India claim descent from the migrants of Kannauj.<ref name="Bowman2000" /> Soon after Harshavardhana's death, his empire disintegrated into many kingdoms, which were invaded and ruled by the Gurjara-Pratihara empire, which challenged Bengal's [[Pala Empire]] for control of the region.<ref name="Chopra2003">{{Cite book \|last=Pran Nath Chopra \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gE7udqBkACwC&pg=PA196 \|title=A Comprehensive History of Ancient India \|date=2003 \|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd \|isbn=978-8120725034 \|page=196 \|access-date=1 October 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528140148/http://books.google.com/books?id=gE7udqBkACwC&pg=PA196 \|archive-date=28 May 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> Kannauj was several times invaded by the South Indian [[Rashtrakuta dynasty]], from the 8th century to the 10th century.<ref>The History of India by Kenneth Pletcher p. 102</ref><ref>The City in South Asia by James Heitzman p. 37</ref> After the fall of the Pala empire, the [[Chero dynasty]] ruled from the 12th century to the 18th century.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Singh \|first=Pradyuman \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=399UDwAAQBAJ&q=chero+dynasty&pg=PT71 \|title=Bihar General Knowledge Digest \|date=19 January 2021 \|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan \|isbn=978-9352667697}}</ref>		Control over Gangetic plains region was of vital importance to the power and stability of all of India's major empires, including the [[Maurya Empire\|Maurya]] (320–200 BCE), [[Kushan Empire\|Kushan]] (100–250 CE), [[Gupta Empire\|Gupta]] (350–600), and [[Gurjara-Pratihara]] (650–1036) empires.<ref name="White2010">{{Cite book \|last=Richard White \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fHLfiOZVzmMC \|title=The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650–1815 \|publisher=Cambridge University Press \|year=2010 \|isbn=978-1107005624 \|access-date=1 October 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528145049/http://books.google.com/books?id=fHLfiOZVzmMC \|archive-date=28 May 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the [[Huns]]' invasions that broke the Gupta empire, the [[Doab#The Doab\|Ganges-Yamuna Doab]] saw the rise of [[Kannauj]].<ref name="Corporation2007">{{Cite book \|last=Marshall Cavendish Corporation \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V1pQkwIXTG0C&pg=PA331 \|title=World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia \|date=2007 \|publisher=Marshall Cavendish \|isbn=978-0761476313 \|pages=331–335 \|access-date=1 October 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605122741/http://books.google.com/books?id=V1pQkwIXTG0C&pg=PA331 \|archive-date=5 June 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> During the reign of [[Harshavardhana]] (590–647), the Kannauj empire reached its zenith.<ref name="Corporation2007" /> It spanned from [[Punjab]] in the north and [[Gujarat]] in the west to [[Bengal]] in the east and [[Odisha]] in the south.<ref name="Sen1999" /> It included parts of central India, north of the [[Narmada River]] and it encompassed the entire [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]].<ref name="Chopra2003" /> many communities in various parts of India claim descent from the migrants of Kannauj.<ref name="Bowman2000" /> Soon after Harshavardhana's death, his empire disintegrated into many kingdoms, which were invaded and ruled by the Gurjara-Pratihara empire, which challenged Bengal's [[Pala Empire]] for control of the region.<ref name="Chopra2003">{{Cite book \|last=Pran Nath Chopra \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gE7udqBkACwC&pg=PA196 \|title=A Comprehensive History of Ancient India \|date=2003 \|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd \|isbn=978-8120725034 \|page=196 \|access-date=1 October 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528140148/http://books.google.com/books?id=gE7udqBkACwC&pg=PA196 \|archive-date=28 May 2013 \|url-status=live}}</ref> Kannauj was several times invaded by the South Indian [[Rashtrakuta dynasty]], from the 8th century to the 10th century.<ref>The History of India by Kenneth Pletcher p. 102</ref><ref>The City in South Asia by James Heitzman p. 37</ref> After the fall of the Pala empire, the [[Chero dynasty]] ruled from the 12th century to the 18th century.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Singh \|first=Pradyuman \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=399UDwAAQBAJ&q=chero+dynasty&pg=PT71 \|title=Bihar General Knowledge Digest \|date=19 January 2021 \|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan \|isbn=978-9352667697}}</ref>

	==== Delhi Sultanate ====		==== Delhi Sultanate ====

Robctr: refined lead also and improved wording to improve readability

2026-05-01T12:41:43Z

refined lead also and improved wording to improve readability

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CleanupBot: Robot: Replacing encoded entity with character

2026-03-22T04:26:47Z

Robot: Replacing encoded entity with character

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Amit raj: Improved structure and clarity

2026-03-20T06:06:26Z

Improved structure and clarity

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172.70.218.43 at 05:24, 18 March 2026

2026-03-18T05:24:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:54, 18 March 2026
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	[[Image:Uttar Pradesh Apsara.jpg\|thumb\|right\|A 12th-century [[sandstone]] statue of an [[Apsara]] from Uttar Pradesh]]		[[Image:Uttar Pradesh Apsara.jpg\|thumb\|right\|A 12th-century [[sandstone]] statue of an [[Apsara]] from Uttar Pradesh]]
	[[Image:Lucknow places.jpg\|thumb\|Lucknow]]		[[Image:Lucknow places.jpg\|thumb\|Lucknow]]
	'''Uttar Pradesh''' ({{lang-hi\|उत्तर प्रदेश}}, ~~{{lang-ur\|{{Nastaliq\|اتر پردیش}}}})~~ is a state in northern [[India]]. For short, people call it UP. [[Lucknow]] is the capital city of UP. [https://pmsuryaghar-gov.com/ PM Surya Ghar Yojana]		'''Uttar Pradesh''' ({{lang-hi\|उत्तर प्रदेश}}), is a state in northern [[India]]. For short, people call it UP. [[Lucknow]] is the capital city of UP. [https://pmsuryaghar-gov.com/ PM Surya Ghar Yojana]

	The [[population]] of the state is 199,581,477 ([[census]] 2011). Uttar Pradesh has more people than any other [[state of India]]. It covers an area of 93,933 [[square mile\|mi²]] (243,286 [[km²]]). It is bigger than the [[United Kingdom]] but smaller than [[Guinea]]. In traditional Indian geography it falls under the [[North India]]n zone.		The [[population]] of the state is 199,581,477 ([[census]] 2011). Uttar Pradesh has more people than any other [[state of India]]. It covers an area of 93,933 [[square mile\|mi²]] (243,286 [[km²]]). It is bigger than the [[United Kingdom]] but smaller than [[Guinea]]. In traditional Indian geography it falls under the [[North India]]n zone.

172.70.218.43 at 05:22, 18 March 2026

2026-03-18T05:22:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:52, 18 March 2026
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	\| name = Uttar Pradesh		\| name = Uttar Pradesh
	\| other_name =		\| other_name =
	\| native_name = उत्तर प्रदेश<br>~~{{Nastaliq\|اتر پردیش}}~~		\| native_name = उत्तर प्रदेश<br>
	\| nickname =		\| nickname =
	\| settlement_type = State of [[India]]		\| settlement_type = State of [[India]]
Line 12:		Line 12:
	\| image_style =		\| image_style =
	\| perrow = 1/2/2/2/1		\| perrow = 1/2/2/2/1
	\| image1 = ~~Taj Mahal (105136313)~~.~~jpeg~~		\| image1 = https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Kashi_Vishwanath.jpg
	\| caption1 = [[~~Taj Mahal~~]]		\| caption1 = [[Kashi Vishwanath Temple]]
	\| image2 = \| photo2b = Huge tiger.jpg		\| image2 = \| photo2b = Huge tiger.jpg
	\| caption2 = [[Dudhwa Tiger Reserve]]		\| caption2 = [[Dudhwa Tiger Reserve]]

2401:4900:82AF:AC9D:C4AA:9668:286E:62E7 at 04:20, 19 April 2024

2024-04-19T04:20:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:50, 19 April 2024
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	[[Image:Uttar Pradesh Apsara.jpg\|thumb\|right\|A 12th-century [[sandstone]] statue of an [[Apsara]] from Uttar Pradesh]]		[[Image:Uttar Pradesh Apsara.jpg\|thumb\|right\|A 12th-century [[sandstone]] statue of an [[Apsara]] from Uttar Pradesh]]
	[[Image:Lucknow places.jpg\|thumb\|Lucknow]]		[[Image:Lucknow places.jpg\|thumb\|Lucknow]]
	'''Uttar Pradesh''' ({{lang-hi\|उत्तर प्रदेश}}, {{lang-ur\|{{Nastaliq\|اتر پردیش}}}}) is a state in northern [[India]]. For short, people call it UP. [[Lucknow]] is the capital city of UP.		'''Uttar Pradesh''' ({{lang-hi\|उत्तर प्रदेश}}, {{lang-ur\|{{Nastaliq\|اتر پردیش}}}}) is a state in northern [[India]]. For short, people call it UP. [[Lucknow]] is the capital city of UP. [https://pmsuryaghar-gov.com/ PM Surya Ghar Yojana]

	The [[population]] of the state is 199,581,477 ([[census]] 2011). Uttar Pradesh has more people than any other [[state of India]]. It covers an area of 93,933 [[square mile\|mi²]] (243,286 [[km²]]). It is bigger than the [[United Kingdom]] but smaller than [[Guinea]]. In traditional Indian geography it falls under the [[North India]]n zone.		The [[population]] of the state is 199,581,477 ([[census]] 2011). Uttar Pradesh has more people than any other [[state of India]]. It covers an area of 93,933 [[square mile\|mi²]] (243,286 [[km²]]). It is bigger than the [[United Kingdom]] but smaller than [[Guinea]]. In traditional Indian geography it falls under the [[North India]]n zone.

103.60.175.15 at 16:46, 24 November 2023

2023-11-24T16:46:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:16, 24 November 2023
Line 2:		Line 2:
	<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->		<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
	<!-- Basic info ---------------->		<!-- Basic info ---------------->
	\|~~official_name~~ = Uttar Pradesh		\| name = Uttar Pradesh
	\|other_name =		\| other_name =
	\|native_name = उत्तर प्रदेश<br>اتر پردیش		\| native_name = उत्तर प्रदेश<br>{{Nastaliq\|اتر پردیش}}
	\|nickname =		\| nickname =
	\|settlement_type = State of [[India]]		\| settlement_type = State of [[India]]
	\|~~motto~~ =		\| image_skyline = {{multiple image
	~~<!-- images and maps~~ ---~~-------->~~		\| border = infobox
	\|~~image_skyline~~ = ~~Taj Mahal 2012~~.jpg		\| total_width = 300
	\|~~imagesize~~ =		\| image_style =
	\|~~image_caption~~ = [[~~Taj Mahal~~]]		\| perrow = 1/2/2/2/1
	\|~~image_flag~~ =		\| image1 = Taj Mahal (105136313).jpeg
	\|~~flag_size~~ =		\| caption1 = [[Taj Mahal]]
	\|~~flag_link~~ =		\| image2 = \| photo2b = Huge tiger.jpg
			\| caption2 = [[Dudhwa Tiger Reserve]]
			\| image3 = India-5163 - Flickr - archer10 (Dennis).jpg
			\| caption3 = [[Sarnath]]
			\| image4= Dept of Electrical Engineering IIT-BHU.jpg
			\| caption4 = [[IIT (BHU) Varanasi\|IIT Varanasi]]
			\| image5 = Dudhwa (30783128830).jpg
			\| caption5 = [[Dudhwa National Park]]
			\| image6 = Barsana Holi Festival.jpg
			\| caption6 = [[Lathmar Holi]]
			\| image7 = On the banks of New Yamuna bridge, Allahabad.jpg
			\| caption7 = [[New Yamuna Bridge]]
			}}
	\|image_seal = Seal of Uttar Pradesh.jpg		\|image_seal = Seal of Uttar Pradesh.jpg
	\|seal_size =		\|seal_size =

2409:4089:AE92:B2DC:0:0:C288:D714: robot: Trimming article to decrease server load

2022-09-29T02:50:26Z

robot: Trimming article to decrease server load

Show changes

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:54, 18 March 2026
Line 100:		Line 100:
	[[Image:Uttar Pradesh Apsara.jpg\|thumb\|right\|A 12th-century [[sandstone]] statue of an [[Apsara]] from Uttar Pradesh]]		[[Image:Uttar Pradesh Apsara.jpg\|thumb\|right\|A 12th-century [[sandstone]] statue of an [[Apsara]] from Uttar Pradesh]]
	[[Image:Lucknow places.jpg\|thumb\|Lucknow]]		[[Image:Lucknow places.jpg\|thumb\|Lucknow]]
	'''Uttar Pradesh''' ({{lang-hi\|उत्तर प्रदेश}}, ~~{{lang-ur\|{{Nastaliq\|اتر پردیش}}}})~~ is a state in northern [[India]]. For short, people call it UP. [[Lucknow]] is the capital city of UP. [https://pmsuryaghar-gov.com/ PM Surya Ghar Yojana]		'''Uttar Pradesh''' ({{lang-hi\|उत्तर प्रदेश}}), is a state in northern [[India]]. For short, people call it UP. [[Lucknow]] is the capital city of UP. [https://pmsuryaghar-gov.com/ PM Surya Ghar Yojana]

	The [[population]] of the state is 199,581,477 ([[census]] 2011). Uttar Pradesh has more people than any other [[state of India]]. It covers an area of 93,933 [[square mile\|mi²]] (243,286 [[km²]]). It is bigger than the [[United Kingdom]] but smaller than [[Guinea]]. In traditional Indian geography it falls under the [[North India]]n zone.		The [[population]] of the state is 199,581,477 ([[census]] 2011). Uttar Pradesh has more people than any other [[state of India]]. It covers an area of 93,933 [[square mile\|mi²]] (243,286 [[km²]]). It is bigger than the [[United Kingdom]] but smaller than [[Guinea]]. In traditional Indian geography it falls under the [[North India]]n zone.

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:50, 19 April 2024
Line 100:		Line 100:
	[[Image:Uttar Pradesh Apsara.jpg\|thumb\|right\|A 12th-century [[sandstone]] statue of an [[Apsara]] from Uttar Pradesh]]		[[Image:Uttar Pradesh Apsara.jpg\|thumb\|right\|A 12th-century [[sandstone]] statue of an [[Apsara]] from Uttar Pradesh]]
	[[Image:Lucknow places.jpg\|thumb\|Lucknow]]		[[Image:Lucknow places.jpg\|thumb\|Lucknow]]
	'''Uttar Pradesh''' ({{lang-hi\|उत्तर प्रदेश}}, {{lang-ur\|{{Nastaliq\|اتر پردیش}}}}) is a state in northern [[India]]. For short, people call it UP. [[Lucknow]] is the capital city of UP.		'''Uttar Pradesh''' ({{lang-hi\|उत्तर प्रदेश}}, {{lang-ur\|{{Nastaliq\|اتر پردیش}}}}) is a state in northern [[India]]. For short, people call it UP. [[Lucknow]] is the capital city of UP. [https://pmsuryaghar-gov.com/ PM Surya Ghar Yojana]

	The [[population]] of the state is 199,581,477 ([[census]] 2011). Uttar Pradesh has more people than any other [[state of India]]. It covers an area of 93,933 [[square mile\|mi²]] (243,286 [[km²]]). It is bigger than the [[United Kingdom]] but smaller than [[Guinea]]. In traditional Indian geography it falls under the [[North India]]n zone.		The [[population]] of the state is 199,581,477 ([[census]] 2011). Uttar Pradesh has more people than any other [[state of India]]. It covers an area of 93,933 [[square mile\|mi²]] (243,286 [[km²]]). It is bigger than the [[United Kingdom]] but smaller than [[Guinea]]. In traditional Indian geography it falls under the [[North India]]n zone.