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{{short description|Family in Deoband}}
The '''Usmani family of Deoband''' are the descendants of the third [[Rashidun]] Caliph, [[Uthman]], based primarily in the town of [[Deoband]] in [[India]]. The notable people of this family include [[Fazlur Rahman Usmani]], [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]], [[Azizur Rahman Usmani]] and [[Shabbir Ahmad Usmani]].

Fazlur Rahman Usmani, Nehal Ahmad, Mehtab Ali and Zulfiqar Ali Deobandi from the family were co-founders of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]. [[Atiqur Rahman Usmani]], a member of this family, co-founded [[Nadwatul Musannifeen]] and [[All India Muslim Majlis-e-Mushawarat]].

==History==
Ubaid Iqbal Asim in his work ''Mawlāna Zafar Ahmad: Life and works'', discussing the background of Usmanis in [[Deoband]], mentions that, "one of the famous saintly figures that lived in Deoband is Khwajah Abul Wafā Usmāni, who was a cousin brother of Jalāluddīn Kabīr al-Awliya Pānipati".<ref name="asim1">{{Citation|last=Ubaid |first=Iqbal Asim |date= 2001 |title=Mawlāna Zafar Ahmad: Hayāt-o-Khidmāt|page=49}}</ref> He had settled in Deoband in the eighth [[hijri year|hijri]] century.<ref name="asim1"/> Asim asserts that, most of the Usmanis in Deoband are the successors of Abul Wafā Usmāni.<ref name="asim1"/>

Ten generations later, Lutfullah was born in the family of Abul Wafā Usmāni. He held the position of treasurer in the court of [[Shah Jahan]].<ref name="asim1"/>

==Lineage==
{{See also|Arabic name#Nasab|Patronymic#Arabic}}
The lineage of Abul Wafā Usmāni is, Abul Wafā ibn Ubaydullāh ibn Hussayn ibn Abd al-Razzāq ibn Abd al-Hakīm ibn Hasan ibn Abdullāh ibn Yaqoub ibn Īsa ibn Ismā'īl ibn Muḥammad ibn Abu Bakr ibn Ali ibn Usman ibn Abdullah Hirmāni ibn Abd al-Allāh Gārzūni ibn Abd al-Azīz III ibn Khālid ibn Walīd ibn Abd al-Azīz II ibn Shihābuddin ibn Abdullāh II ibn Abd al-Azīz ibn Abd al-Allāh ibn [[Amr ibn Uthman]] ibn [[Uthman]].<ref name="nasab">{{cite journal |author1=Ishtiyāq Aḥmad Qāsmi |title=Mufti-e-Azam Mufti Azīz-ur-Rahmān Usmāni: Hayāt-o-Khidmāt |journal=Darul Uloom |date=December 2017 |volume=101 |issue=12 |url=http://darululoom-deoband.com/urdu/articles/tmp/1552732196%2008-Muftiye%20Azam%20Hazrat%20Mufti%20Azizur%20Rahman%20Usmani_MDU_12_Dec_17.htm |access-date=6 January 2021 |trans-title=The Grand Mufti, Mufti Azīz-ur-Rahmān Usmāni: Life and works |publisher=[[Darul Uloom Deoband]] |language=Urdu}}</ref>

==People==
===Fazlur Rahman Usmani===
{{Main|Fazlur Rahman Usmani}}
[[Fazlur Rahman Usmani]] lived between 1831 and 15 June 1907.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Rahmān |first1=Abu Ukāsha |title=Tārīkh ke qātil|page= 45}}</ref> He was one of the co-founders of [[Darul Uloom Deoband]].<ref name="tayyabqasmi">{{cite book |last1=Muhammad Tayyib |first1=Qari |author-link1=Qari Muhammad Tayyib |editor1-last=Bukhari |editor1-first=Akbar Shah |title=50 Misaali Shaksiyaat |trans-title=50 Exemplar personalities|pages=58–59 |edition=July 1999 |language=ur}}</ref> His ''[[nasab]]'' ([[patronymic]]) is: Fazlur Rahmān ibn Murād Bakhsh ibn Ghulām Muhammad ibn Ghulām Nabī ibn Lutfullāh ibn Muḥammad Ashiq ibn Farīd Usmāni ibn Abu Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Hāfiz ibn Muḥammad ibn Abd al-Mālik ibn Abd al-Azīz ibn Abd al-Hakīm ibn Sa'īd ibn Muḥammad ibn Fazlullāh ibn Abul Wafā Usmāni.<ref name="nasab"/>

His sons include [[Azizur Rahman Usmani]] and [[Shabbir Ahmad Usmani]]. [[Atiqur Rahman Usmani]], the co-founder of [[Nadwatul Musannifeen]] and [[All India Muslim Majlis-e-Mushawarat]] was his grandson.<ref name="millat">{{cite book|editor-first= Jameel |editor-last=Mehdi |title=Mufakkir-e-Millat Number, Burhan |chapter=Atiqur Rahman Usmani (1901–1984)|edition=November 1987 |pages=506–507 |publisher=Nadwatul Musannifeen |location=Delhi}}</ref><ref name="tayyabqasmi"/> [[Shams Naved Usmani]] is another grandson of Usmāni.<ref name="zindagi">{{cite journal |author1=Tabish Mehdi |title=Yād-e-Raftgān: Shams Naved Usmāni |journal=Zindagi-e-Nau |date=September 2010 |volume=36 |issue=9 |url=http://www.zindgienau.com/Issues/2010/september2010/unicode_article11.asp |access-date=7 January 2021}}</ref> [[Kafilur Rahman Nishat Usmani]], who was the grandson of Azizur Rahman Usmani, translated ''[[Fatawa 'Alamgiri]]'' into [[Urdu language]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Qasmi |first1=Amanat Ali |title=نستعلیق صفت انسان مفتی کفیل الرحمن نشاط عثمانی |trans-title=Well-Behaved Human: Mufti Kafeelur Rahman Nishat Usmani |url=https://www.jahan-e-urdu.com/mufti-kafeelur-rahaman-nishat-usmani/ |access-date=12 January 2021 |work=Jahan-e-Urdu |date=28 February 2018 |language=Urdu}}</ref>

After the creation of [[Pakistan]] in 1947, Shabbir Ahmad Usmani hoisted its flag in [[Karachi]] in the presence of [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] and other [[All India Muslim League]] leaders.<ref name="talha">{{Cite news|title=Asia Bibi: Pakistanis need to bridge the mister-mulla divide|author=Syed Talha Shah|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/324380/asia-bibi-pakistanis-need-to-bridge-the-mister-mulla-divide/ |work=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]]|date = 20 November 2018|access-date=11 January 2021}}</ref>

===Shaykh Fateh Ali===
Fateh Ali was the grandfather of [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]].<ref name="iqbal1">{{Citation |title=Shaykh al-Hind Mawlāna Mahmūd Hasan: Hayāt awr Ilmi Kārnāme|author=Iqbal Hasan Khān|page=115}}</ref> He had three sons, [[Mehtab Ali]], Masood Ali and [[Zulfiqar Ali Deobandi]].<ref name="iqbal1"/> Mehtab Ali and Zulfiqar Ali Deobandi were also among the co-founders of Darul Uloom Deoband.<ref name="iqbal2">{{Citation |title=Shaykh al-Hind Mawlāna Mahmūd Hasan: Hayāt awr Ilmi Kārnāme|author=Iqbal Hasan Khān|page=116}}</ref> Zulfiqar Ali's son [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]] became the first student who studied in Darul Uloom Deoband.<ref>{{Citation |title=Shaykh al-Hind Mawlāna Mahmūd Hasan: Hayāt awr Ilmi Kārnāme|author=Iqbal Hasan Khān|page=119}}</ref>

===Karamat Hussain===
Karamat Hussain is known to have established a madrassa at his home in Deoband.<ref name="asim2">{{Citation|last=Ubaid |first=Iqbal Asim |date= 2001 |title=Mawlāna Zafar Ahmad: Hayāt-o-Khidmāt|page=50}}</ref> The teacher in this madrassa was Mehtab Ali, the uncle of [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]].<ref name="asim2"/> This madrassa remained functioning until the foundation of Darul Uloom Deoband. [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi]] studied there under the supervision of Mehtab Ali.<ref name="asim2"/>

Nehal Ahmad, the son of Karamat Hussain, was one of co-founders of Darul Uloom Deoband.<ref>{{Citation|title=Ulama-e-Haqq Aur Unke Mujahidana Karname|volume=1|pages= 22–23|author=[[Muhammad Miyan Deobandi]]}}</ref> He was the brother-in-law of Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi.<ref name="asim2"/> Nehal had a son, Lateef Ahmad, who was married to the sister of [[Ashraf Ali Thanwi]].<ref name="asim2"/> [[Zafar Ahmad Usmani]] was the son of Lateef Ahmad, and a nephew of Thanwi.<ref>{{Citation|last=Ubaid |first=Iqbal Asim |date= 2001 |title=Mawlāna Zafar Ahmad: Hayāt-o-Khidmāt|page=52}}</ref>

Zafar Ahmad Usmani hoisted the flag of Pakistan in [[Dhaka]] in 1947 in the presence of Muhammad Ali Jinnah and other All India Muslim League leaders.<ref name="talha"/>

===Miyānji Shukrullah===
Shukrullah was among the fore-fathers of [[Muhammad Shafi Usmani]]. The family also claims the Usmani descent, however they do not possess the complete lineage.<ref name="rafi1">{{Citation |title=Hayāt Mufti Azam|author=[[Muhammad Rafi Usmani]]|page=15}}</ref> [[Muhammad Rafi Usmani]] and [[Muhammad Taqi Usmani]] are both sons of Muhammad Shafi Usmani, who was one of active members of [[Pakistan Movement]].<ref name="dawn1">{{cite news |author1=Asim Khan |author2=Imtiaz Ali |title=Mufti Taqi Usmani survives assassination attempt in Karachi |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1471212 |access-date=7 January 2021 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |date=22 March 2019}}</ref>

Muhammad Rafi Usmani has mentioned the incomplete lineage in the biography of his father entitled ''Hayāt Mufti Azam'' as, "Muhammad Shafi ibn Muhammad Yasīn ibn Khalīfa Tehseen Ali ibn Imām Ali ibn Karīmullāh ibn Khayrullāh ibn Shukrullah".<ref name="rafi1"/> According to Rafi Usmani, Karīmullāh had moved to Deoband in 1183 [[Hijri year|AH]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Hayāt Mufti Azam|author=[[Muhammad Rafi Usmani]]|page=16}}</ref> Shafi Usmani's father, Muhammad Yasīn Usmāni was among the earliest students of Darul Uloom Deoband.<ref>{{Citation |title=Hayāt Mufti Azam|author=[[Muhammad Rafi Usmani]]|page=18}}</ref> Yasīn's students include [[Asghar Hussain Deobandi]], Shabbir Ahmad Usmani and [[Sanaullah Amritsari]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Hayāt Mufti Azam|author=[[Muhammad Rafi Usmani]]|page=21}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Siddiqi family of Nanauta]]
* [[Yasir Nadeem al Wajidi]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite thesis |last=Ubaid |first=Iqbal Asim |date= 2001 |title=Mawlāna Zafar Ahmad: Hayāt-o-Khidmāt |trans-title= Mawlāna Zafar Ahmad: Life and works|type=PhD |publisher=[[Aligarh Muslim University]]}}
* {{cite book |author1=Anjum Usmani |title=Kahin Kuchh Kho Gaya Hai |isbn=978-81-8042-230-0 |pages=7–27 |chapter=Kahāni Mujhy Likhti Hai}}
* {{cite book |last1=Usmani |first1=Muhammad Rafi |author1-link=Muhammad Rafi Usmani |title=Hayāt Mufti Azam |trans-title= Life of the Grand Mufti|publisher=Idāratul Ma'ārif |location=[[Karachi]] |edition=May 2005 |language=Urdu}}
{{Usmani family}}

[[Category:Usmani family]]
[[Category:People from Deoband]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]

Usmani family of Deoband - Revision history

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