Rohit madvi: Text from Lady Gaga on Twitter, Justin Bieber on Twitter, Barack Obama on Twitter, and Ashton Kutcher on Twitter; with some original prose giving it context.

2023-10-03T14:26:28Z

Text from Lady Gaga on Twitter, Justin Bieber on Twitter, Barack Obama on Twitter, and Ashton Kutcher on Twitter; with some original prose giving it context.

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{{See also|Twitter usage}}
[[File:Lady Gaga Europride 2011 03.jpg|thumb|right|[[Lady Gaga]], a celebrity who uses Twitter]]

'''Twitter usage by public figures''' includes the posting and content-sharing by celebrity and politician users on [[Twitter]].

This particular [[Twitter usage|use of Twitter]] has become an important factor for both Twitter itself and for the celebrity users. As with many other social networking [[website]]s, usage by public figures attracts more people to Twitter, thereby increasing opportunities for advertising.{{sfn|Rosman|2012}}

Twitter has provided two facilities to its high-profile users. The first is the {{em|[[verified account]]}}. Secondly, Twitter attempts to work with celebrity and media public relations staff to encourage them to make use of Twitter in their advertising and publicity campaigns, encouraging them to use Twitter in their promotional campaigns, and providing support and analysis services to determine what worked, what created "buzz," and what did not.{{sfn|Rosman|2012}}

== Twitter verification ==
{{main|Twitter verification}}
Introduced in June 2009, the [[Twitter verification]] system provides the site's readers with a means to distinguish genuine account holders from impostors or parodies. A symbol displayed against the account name indicates that Twitter has taken steps to ensure that the account has the approval of the person whom it is claimed to be or represent.{{sfn|Header|2009}}

However, the public signup page for obtaining a verified account was discontinued in 2010. Twitter explained that the volume of requests for verified accounts had exceeded its ability to cope; rather, nowadays, Twitter determines on its own whom to approach about verified accounts, limiting verification to "highly sought after users," "business partners," and "individuals at high risk of impersonation."{{sfn|Delo|2012}}{{sfn|Twitter|2012}}
Business partners include those who advertise using Twitter, although it is not clearly spelled out in the material that Twitter provides to its business partners when and whether they might qualify for having verified account status.{{sfn|McHugh|2012}}

== General celebrity usage ==
Twitter can be used by celebrities, athletes, and other famous people for their own self-promotion. However, many celebrities either only partially maintain their accounts or do not actually maintain their own accounts at all. Rather, the accounts are maintained (or co-maintained) by their publicists.{{sfn|Peck|2011|p=74}}

In a growing world of technology, many celebrities feel obligated to have their own accounts, and use it to engage with fans. However, for celebrity users, Twitter has proven to be a double-edged sword: in addition to the laudatory comments from fans, celebrities may receive hostile attacks from anonymous people; thus, fan goodwill and even career opportunities can be lost through tweets.

The most popular United Kingdom celebrities on Twitter come from television with people like [[Stephen Fry]] and [[Jonathan Ross]] being amongst the most popular British celebrities on the site.{{sfn|Bennett|2010|pp=174–}} Fry's success on Twitter, in particular, is credited with being the same person on Twitter that he is off Twitter.{{sfn|Bennett|2010|pp=174–}}

== Sportspeople ==
Among other things, athlete users can spur competition among themselves using Twitter.

Several athletes have encountered trouble because of things that they have said on Twitter. A good example is the [[2012 Summer Olympics]]: many competitors were removed from the Olympics due to racially offensive comments that were posted on their accounts. It has become more of a necessity than ever for celebrities and public figures to be more composed online. Impulsive tweets have proven to be negative for their careers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/1546676-how-twitter-is-impacting-professional-athletes-and-their-sports|title=How Twitter Is Impacting Professional Athletes and Their Sports|last=Johnson|first=Brittany|website=Bleacher Report|language=en|access-date=2019-10-31}}</ref>

== Musicians ==
Musicians have found Twitter to be a very promising place for self-promotion, engaging with fans, and gaining new supporters. It has become a useful tool for promoting new music such as an upcoming single, album, or feature. Fans can react to this by liking or responding to the tweet and that will subsequently lead to more interaction between the artist and their followers. Twitter has a live-streaming feature that facilitates interaction and artists can use this to directly interact in real-time.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tweepsmap.com/blog/the-power-of-twitter-for-musicians-and-why-they-love-it/|title=The Power of Twitter for Musicians and Why They Love It {{!}} Tweepsmap Blog|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-31}}</ref>

Twitter allows musicians to promote other fellow artists. They may post photos of them in the studio working with other artists and they can tag them in the post. This helps other artists gain recognition since any of the followers seeing the photo can visit the other artists' profiles. These practices are integral to growing one's fanbase since they can gain support through fellow musicians.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://media.twitter.com/en_us/articles/best-practice/2018/twitter-best-practices-for-musicians-and-bands.html|title=Twitter best practices for musicians and bands|website=media.twitter.com|language=en-us|access-date=2019-10-31}}</ref>

== Politicians ==
Twitter is used by politicians including various heads of state, cabinet members, and other politicians around the world, including in India, the United States, Chile, Germany and Japan.{{sfn|Parmelee|Bichard|2011|p=14}} These politicians use the platform to self-promote and to communicate with their constituents. Users may send questions and the congresspeople can directly respond. Blog posts and news articles may be directly linked and shared to all of their followers and anyone else who comes across their profile.

Former US president [[Barack Obama]]<ref>{{Twitter user|id=BarackObama|name=Barack Obama}}</ref> was the most followed world leader when he was president with over 117 million followers on his personal Twitter. Currently, [[Narendra Modi]], the Prime Minister of [[India]], is the most followed world leader with over 70 million followers on his personal Twitter.<ref>{{Twitter user|id=narendramodi|name=Narendra Modi}}</ref>

The type of communication by U.S. politicians on Twitter varies from highly personal to press release like.{{sfn|Parmelee|Bichard|2011|p=10}} During the primary race for president in 2008, [[John Edwards]] was also on Twitter.{{sfn|Maarek|2011|p=71}} During the 2008 United States general election, during one monitored period, Obama made 261 Tweets while his Republican competitor [[John McCain]] made only 26.{{sfn|Hendricks|2011|p=13}} During the 2016 US presidential election, the top three candidates ([[Donald Trump]], [[Hillary Clinton]], and [[Bernie Sanders]]) used Twitter to discuss their campaigns, gain followers and supporters, and talk amongst other candidates. These politicians would also talk negatively about each other and sling insults back and forth. Trump would refer to Clinton as "[[Crooked Hillary]]" to further stir up their rivalries. Clinton famously rebutted with "Delete your account." during this presidential race.<ref>{{Cite web|last=TC|title=Politweets: The Growing Use of Twitter and Social Media for Politics {{!}} Techbytes|url=https://blogs.umass.edu/Techbytes/2017/10/10/politweets-the-growing-use-of-twitter-and-social-media-for-politics/|access-date=2019-10-31|language=en-US}}</ref> Clinton used Twitter to promote her presidential campaign but, unlike Obama, she did not follow back many of her new followers.{{sfn|Parmelee|Bichard|2011|p=8}} On the state level, American politicians tend to use Twitter primarily for constituent and policy-related issues. The second most popular category of tweets is personal musings.{{sfn|Parmelee|Bichard|2011|p=9}} In May 2011, 387 members of the [[United States Congress]] had Twitter accounts.{{sfn|Parmelee|Bichard|2011|p=8}}

British politicians on Twitter include [[Jeremy Corbyn]] and [[Theresa May]].{{sfn|Knight|2012|p=187}} In Australia, [[Australian Greens|the Greens]] were initially more successful on Twitter than other political parties.{{sfn|Chen|2011|p=73}} The [[Australian Labor Party]]'s politicians have used Twitter to attack their opposition,{{sfn|Chen|2011|p=83}} with someone creating a parody account featuring [[Tony Abbott]].{{sfn|Chen|2011|p=69}} [[Kevin Rudd]] does not appear to be making his own tweets, rather someone else is likely to be doing it for him.{{sfn|Reddick|2010|p=342}}

Chilean politicians are using Twitter as an alternative method of communications as they find the mainstream press not giving them media coverage.{{sfn|Parmelee|Bichard|2011|p=15}} Politicians in Greece and Japan also use Twitter to communicate with their constituents.{{sfn|Lacy|2011|p=61–}} Russian President [[Dmitry Medvedev]] has used Twitter to help change his image and make himself more personable.{{sfn|Parmelee|Bichard|2011|p=15}} [[Venezuela]] President [[Hugo Chavez]] was one of the most followed Venezuelan accounts on Twitter.{{sfn|Lacy|2011|p=61–}}

== Religious figures ==
On December 12, 2012 [[Pope Benedict XVI]] sent his first tweet, which was re-tweeted by thousands of users almost immediately.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Pope's first Tweets {{!}} Twitter Blogs|url=https://blog.twitter.com/2012/the-popes-first-tweets|access-date=2015-10-09|website=blog.twitter.com}}</ref> Since this time, the account @Pontifex has amassed over 17.9 million followers (as of March 2019) and regularly engages with users via the hashtag #AskPontifex addressing religious matters and responding to questions.<ref>{{Twitter user|id=Pontifex|name=Pope Francis}}</ref> Several satellite accounts are used to transmit and translate the Pope's tweets into different languages.

==See also==
* [[Barack Obama on social media]]
* [[Donald Trump on social media]]
* [[Twitter diplomacy]]
* [[Volfefe index]], volatility index related to Twitter usage of U.S. President
* [[List of most-followed Twitter accounts]]

==References==
{{Reflist|20em}}

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* {{cite news|last=Tsukayama|first=Hayley|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/ashton-kutchers-joe-paterno-tweet-should-celebs-manage-own-twitter-feeds/2011/11/10/gIQAOFJX9M_story.html|title=Ashton Kutcher's Joe Paterno tweet: Should celebs manage own Twitter feeds?|access-date=2012-05-26|date=2011-11-10|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}
* {{cite journal|last=Ross|first=Robyn|url=http://www.tvguide.com/News/Justin-Bieber-Twitter-1022684.aspx|title=Justin Bieber Accounts for 3 Percent of All Twitter Traffic|journal=[[TV Guide]]|date=2010-09-08|access-date=April 24, 2012}}
* {{cite web|ref=CITEREFAgentia2010a|url=http://www.agentia.org/monden/justin-bieber-a-ocupat-3-din-serverul-twitter-6123.html|title=Justin Bieber a ocupat 3% din serverul Twitter|publisher=Agentia.org|date=2010-11-24|year=2010a|access-date=2012-04-26|language=ro}}
* {{cite web|ref=CITEREFTHG2010a|last=Free Britney|url=http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2010/05/britney-spears-ousts-ashton-kutcher-as-twitter-king/|title=Britney Spears Ousts Ashton Kutcher as Twitter King|access-date=2012-05-28|date=2010-05-24|year=2010a|work=TheHollywoodGossip.com}}
* {{cite web|ref=CITEREFTwitaholic2012a|url=http://twitaholic.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614095643/http://twitaholic.com/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-06-14|title=The Twitaholic.com Top 100 Twitterholics based on Followers|access-date=2012-05-27|date=2012-05-27|year=2012a|publisher=Twitaholic.com}}
* {{cite web|ref=CITEREFTwitaholic2012b|url=http://twitaholic.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614095643/http://twitaholic.com/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-06-14|title=The Twitaholic.com Top 100 Twitterholics based on Followers|access-date=2012-05-28|date=2012-05-28|year=2012b|publisher=Twitaholic.com}}
* {{cite web|ref=CITEREFTwitter2012|publisher=Twitter|url=https://support.twitter.com/groups/31-twitter-basics/topics/111-features/articles/119135-about-verified-accounts|title=FAQs about Verified Accounts|work=Twitter Help}}
* {{cite web|last=Curtis|first=Dustin|access-date=2012-04-25|url=https://twitter.com/dcurtis/status/23192425566|date=2010-09-07|title=At any moment, Justin Bieber uses 3% of our infrastructure. Racks of servers are dedicated to him. A guy who works at Twitter}}
* {{cite web|last=Delo|first=Cotton|title=One Way to Get a Twitter 'Verified Account': Buy Ads|work=AdAge|url=http://adage.com/article/digital/a-twitter-verified-account-buy-ads/231984/|date=2012-01-10}}
* {{cite web|last=Fitzpatrick|first=Alex|url=http://mashable.com/2012/05/25/obama-romney-twitter-head-to-head/|title=Obama and Romney Go Head-to-Head on Twitter [INFOGRAPHIC]|access-date=2012-05-28|date=2012-05-25|publisher=Mashable.com}}
* {{cite web|last=GearLog|title=Justin Bieber Has "Racks" of Twitter Servers, Uses 3 Percent of Site's Resources|date=2010-09-08|url=http://www.geek.com/articles/chips/justin-bieber-has-racks-of-twitter-servers-uses-3-percent-of-sites-resources-2010098/|access-date=April 26, 2012|work=geek.com|archive-date=2011-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513092241/http://www.geek.com/articles/chips/justin-bieber-has-racks-of-twitter-servers-uses-3-percent-of-sites-resources-2010098/|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web|last=Hondro|first=Marcus|url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/323485|title=Lady Gaga hits the 50,000,000 Facebook Fans mark, but not tops|publisher=Digitaljournal.com|date=2012-04-23|access-date=2012-04-25}}
* {{cite web|last=Kaufman|first=Gil|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1647321/justin-bieber-activity-drives-3-percent-twitter-traffic.jhtml|title=Justin Bieber Activity Drives 3 Percent Of Twitter Traffic|publisher=MTV|date=September 8, 2010|access-date=April 24, 2012}}
* {{cite web|last=McHugh|first=Molly|title=Introducing Twitter payola: Stop advertising, and lose your Verified badge|date=2012-05-10|work=Digital Trends|url=http://www.digitaltrends.com/social-media/introducing-twitter-payola-stop-advertising-and-lose-your-verified-badge/}}
* {{cite web|last=Milian|first=Mark|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2009/01/demi-moore-twit.html|title=Ashton Kutcher, Demi Moore: first Twitter celeb couple|access-date=2012-05-27|date=2009-01-29|year=2009a|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}
* {{cite web|last=Milian|first=Mark|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/washington/2009/11/obama-never-used-twitter.html|title=President Obama: 'I have never used Twitter'|access-date=2012-05-28|date=2009-11-16|year=2009b|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}
* {{cite web|last=Serpe|first=Gina|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/lady_gagas_twitter_reign_shall_bring/196549#ixzz0xSHLMy9E|title=Lady Gaga's Twitter Reign Shall Bring Soft Cuticles for Everyone!|access-date=2012-05-28|date=2010-08-23|publisher=[[E!]]}}
* {{cite web|last=Smith|first=Peter|url=http://www.itworld.com/node/62330|title=Twitter and the Dalai Lama|access-date=2012-05-27|date=2009-02-09|work=IT World}}
* {{cite web|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1651843/justin-bieber-hits-6-million-twitter-followers.jhtml|title=Justin Bieber Hits 6 Million Twitter Followers|publisher=MTV|date=2010-11-09|access-date=24 April 2012}}
* {{cite web|last=Vena|first=Jocelyn|url=http://www.vh1.com/news/articles/1657695/20110210/index.jhtml|title=Justin Bieber Vintage Video: 'I Love Twitter' | News|work=VH1|date=2011-02-10|access-date=2012-04-26}}
* {{cite web|last=Villarreal|first=Yvonne|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/showtracker/2011/11/ashton-kutcher-prematurely-defends-fired-penn-state-coach-joe-paterno.html|title=Ashton Kutcher prematurely defends fired Penn State coach Joe Paterno|access-date=2012-05-27|date=2011-11-09|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}
{{refend}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite news|title=The Twitter 100: Britain's titans of the Twittersphere|first=Ian|last=Burrell|date=2012-03-01|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|url=https://www.independent.co.uk./news/people/news/the-twitter-100-britains-titans-of-the-twittersphere-7466850.html}}
* {{cite web|last=Faw|first=Larissa|title=The Millennials Who Rule Twitter: How Bieber, Rihanna and Gaga Turn Followers Into Fortunes|url=http://forbes.com./sites/larissafaw/2012/05/17/celebrity-millennials-flex-social-media-muscle-for-money-and-power/|date=2012-05-17|work=[[Forbes]]}}
*{{cite news|title=The full list: The Twitter 100|first1=Rhodri|last1=Marsden|first2=Kevin|last2=Rawlinson|first3=Rebecca|last3=Gonsalves|first4=Will|last4=Dean|first5=Luke|last5=Blackall|first6=Josephine|last6=Forster|first7=Rob|last7=Hastings|first8=Ralph|last8=Gifford|date=2011-02-15|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|url=https://www.independent.co.uk./news/people/news/the-full-list-the-twitter-100-2215529.html}}
*Yerra, Ravi. [https://www.facebook.com/raviyerra Example of a public figure] via Facebook
* {{cite web|title=The Most Followed UK politicians on Twitter, updated daily|url=http://www.birdsonganalytics.com/election-2015/politicians.php|date=2015-03-10|publisher=[[BirdSong Analytics]]|access-date=2015-03-10|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220824/http://www.birdsonganalytics.com/election-2015/politicians.php|url-status=dead}}
{{Twitter navigation}}

[[Category:Twitter accounts|*]]

Use of Twitter by public figures - Revision history

Rohit madvi: Text from Lady Gaga on Twitter, Justin Bieber on Twitter, Barack Obama on Twitter, and Ashton Kutcher on Twitter; with some original prose giving it context.