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{{short description|Geologic formation in India}}
{{see also|Lower Maleri Formation}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox rockunit
| name = Upper Maleri Formation
| image = Upper Maleri Formation dinosaurs (Maleriraptor and Jaklapallisaurus).jpg
| caption = Artistic reconstruction of the Upper Maleri Formation paleoenvironment
| type = [[Geological formation]]
| age = [[Norian]]<br />~{{fossil range|220|211}}
| period = Norian
| prilithology =
| otherlithology =
| namedfor =
| namedby =
| region = [[Telangana]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|19.3|N|79.5|E|display=inline,title}}
| paleocoordinates = {{coord|33.1|S|36.4|E|display=inline}}
| unitof = [[Gondwana Group]]
| subunits =
| underlies = [[Lower Dharmaram Formation]]
| overlies = [[Lower Maleri Formation]]
| thickness =
| extent = [[Pranhita–Godavari Basin]]
| area =
| map = {{Location map+ | India
| relief = 1
| width = 250
| float = center
| places =
{{Location map~ | India
| lat_deg = 19.2
| lon_deg = 79.6
| mark = Pink ff0080 pog.svg
| marksize = 12
}}
}}
}}

The '''Upper Maleri Formation''' is a [[sedimentary]] [[geological formation|rock formation]] found in [[Telangana]], [[India]]. It is one of the formations of the [[Pranhita–Godavari Basin]]. It is of late [[Norian]] and possibly earliest [[Rhaetian]] ages ([[Late Triassic]]), and is notable for its [[fossil]]s of early [[dinosaur]]s.

== Paleobiota ==
{{paleobiota-key-compact}}

=== Dinosauriforms ===
An unnamed [[Guaibasauridae|guaibasaurid]] was present in the formation based on associated vertebrae, hip, and hindlimb material, specimens [[Indian Statistical Institute|ISI]] R277. Two more indeterminate dinosauriform species are also known from the formation, based on specimens ISI R282 (a hip and three vertebrae) and ISI R284 (a right [[Ilium (bone)|ilium]] similar to that of ''Nambalia roychowdhurii'').<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Novas |first1=Fernando E. |last2=Ezcurra |first2=Martin D. |last3=Chatterjee |first3=Sankar |last4=Kutty |first4=T. S. |date=2011 |title=New dinosaur species from the Upper Triassic Upper Maleri and Lower Dharmaram formations of Central India |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231824148 |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |language=en |volume=101 |issue=3–4 |pages=333–349 |doi=10.1017/S1755691011020093 |s2cid=128620874 |issn=1755-6910}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[[Dinosauriform|Dinosauriforms]] from the Upper Maleri Formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Location !! Material !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Jaklapallisaurus]]<ref name=":0" />''
| ''J. assymetrica''
| [[Telangana]]
| ISI R274, [[postcrania]]l material<ref name=":0" />
| An [[unaysauridae|unaysaurid]] [[Sauropodomorpha|sauropodomorph]], also found in the [[Lower Dharmaram Formation]]
|
|-
| ''[[Nambalia]]<ref name=":0" />''
| ''N. roychowdhurii ''
| Telangana
| ISI R273, including partial postcrania of at least three individuals of different sizes found closely associated<ref name=":0" />
| A [[basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] sauropodomorph
|
|-
| ''[[Maleriraptor]]''<ref name="Maleriraptor">{{Cite journal |last1=Ezcurra |first1=Martín D. |last2=Garcia |first2=Maurício Silva |last3=Novas |first3=Fernando E. |last4=Müller |first4=Rodrigo Temp |last5=Agnolín |first5=Federico L. |last6=Chatterjee |first6=Sankar |date=2025-05-07 |title=A new herrerasaurian dinosaur from the Upper Triassic Upper Maleri Formation of south-central India |journal=[[Royal Society Open Science]] |language=en |volume=12 |issue=5 |doi=10.1098/rsos.250081 |issn=2054-5703 |doi-access=free|pmc=12077243 }}</ref>
| ''M. kuttyi''
| [[Pranhita–Godavari Basin|Pranhita-Godavari Valley]]
| ISIR 282, partial sacral ribs, vertebrae, and pelvic girdle<ref name="Maleriraptor" />
| A [[herrerasauria]]n
|[[File:Maleriraptor kuttyi.png|center|200px]]
|}

=== Other amniotes ===
[[Phytosaur]] fossils are known from the formation, including forms similar to ''[[Angistorhinus]]'' and ''[[Leptosuchus]]''.''<ref name="Nesbitt2021">{{Cite journal |last1=Nesbitt |first1=S. J. |last2=Stocker |first2=M. R. |last3=Chatterjee |first3=S. |last4=Horner |first4=J. R. |last5=Goodwin |first5=M. B. |year=2021 |title=A remarkable group of thick-headed Triassic Period archosauromorphs with a wide, possibly Pangean distribution |journal=[[Journal of Anatomy]] |volume=239 |issue=1 |pages=184–206 |doi=10.1111/joa.13414 |pmc=8197959 |pmid=33660262}}</ref>'' Indeterminate [[Aetosaur|aetosaurs]] and [[Dicynodont|dicynodonts]] have also been reported.''<ref name="Nesbitt2021" />''
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="5" align="center" | '''Non-dinosaur [[Amniote|amniotes]] from the Upper Maleri Formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Material !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Kranosaura]]<ref name="Nesbitt2021" />''
| ''K. kuttyi''
| ISIR 269, a partial skull
| A dome-headed [[Protopyknosia|protopyknosian]] [[Archosauriformes|archosauriform]], related to ''[[Triopticus]]'' from the [[Colorado City Formation]] of Texas
|
|}

=== Temnospondyls ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[[Temnospondyl]]s from the Upper Maleri Formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Compsocerops]]''<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sengupta |first=Dhurjati P. |date=1995 |title=Chigutisaurid temnospondyls from the Late Triassic of India and a review of the Family Chigutisauridae |url=https://www.palass.org/sites/default/files/media/publications/palaeontology/volume_38/vol38_part2_pp313-339.pdf |journal=Palaeontology |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=313–339}}</ref>
| ''C. cosgriffi<ref name=":1" />''
| A [[Chigutisauridae|chigutisaurid]] also found in the [[Santa Maria Formation]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Teschner |first1=Elżbieta M. |last2=Chakravorti |first2=Sanjukta |last3=Sengupta |first3=Dhurjati P. |last4=Konietzko-Meier |first4=Dorota |date=2020-09-08 |title=Climatic influence on the growth pattern of Panthasaurus maleriensis from the Late Triassic of India deduced from paleohistology |journal=PeerJ |language=en |volume=8 |article-number=e9868 |doi=10.7717/peerj.9868 |issn=2167-8359 |pmc=7485487 |pmid=33194360 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|
|-
| ''[[Kuttycephalus]]<ref name=":1" />''
| ''K. triangularis<ref name=":1" />''
| A [[Chigutisauridae|chigutisaurid]]<ref name=":2" />
|
|-
|}

=== Fish ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|-
! colspan="6" align="center" | '''[[Fish]]es from the Upper Maleri Formation'''
|-
! Genus !! Species !! Notes !! Images
|-
| ''[[Ferganoceratodus]]''
| ''F. hislopianus''
| A [[Ceratodontiformes|ceratodontiform]] [[Lungfish|lungfish]]
|
|-
|}

== Correlations ==
The formation has been correlated with the [[Forest Sandstone]] of Africa, the lower [[Caturrita Formation]] of the [[Paraná Basin]] in Brazil, the upper [[Ischigualasto Formation]] and lower [[Los Colorados Formation]] of the [[Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin]] of Argentina, and the [[Chinle Formation]] of North America.<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
* [[List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |editor-last=[[David B. Weishampel|Weishampel]] |editor-first=David B. |editor-last2=[[Peter Dodson|Dodson]] |editor-first2=Peter |editor-last3=[[Halszka Osmólska|Osmólska]] |editor-first3=Halszka |year=2004 |title=The Dinosauria|edition=2nd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vtZFDb_iw40C |location=Berkeley|publisher= University of California Press |pages=1–880 |access-date=2019-02-21|isbn=0-520-24209-2}}

[[Category:Geologic formations of India]]
[[Category:Triassic System of Asia]]
[[Category:Triassic India]]
[[Category:Norian Stage]]
[[Category:Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of Asia]]
[[Category:Paleontology in India]]

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Upper Maleri Formation - Revision history

Tijusacademyoet: New new details