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{{Short description|Indian artist & writer}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2009}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Upendrakishore Roy Chowdhury
| image = Upendra Kishore Ray real.jpg
| caption = Upendrakishore Roy Chowdhury
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1863|05|12}}<ref name="birthdate">{{cite book|last1=Raychowdhury|first1=Hitendrakishore|title=Upendrakishore O Moshua Ray Poribaarer Golposholpo|date=1984|publisher=Firma KLM Private Limited|page=1}}</ref>
| birth_place = Moshua, [[Kishoreganj District]] in [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (now in [[Bangladesh]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1915|12|20|1863|05|12}}
| death_place = [[Giridih]], [[British India]] <br /> (now in [[Jharkhand]], [[India]])
| nationality = Indian
| known_for = Writer, painter
| spouse = Bidhumukhi Devi (Daughter of [[Dwarkanath Ganguly]] and step daughter of [[Kadambini Ganguly]])
| children = [[Shukhalata Rao]]

[[Sukumar Ray]]

Punyalata Chakrabarty

Subinoy Ray

Shantilata Ray

Subimol Ray
}}
'''Upendrakishore Roy Chowdhury''' ({{lang-bn|উপেন্দ্রকিশোর রায়চৌধুরী}}), (born '''Kamadaranjan Ray'''; {{lang|bn|কামদারঞ্জন রায়}}) (12 May 1863<ref name="birthdate"/> – 20 December 1915), was a [[Bengali language|Bengali]] writer and painter. One of his written book is ''chotoder shera biggan rochona shongkolon''. He was the son-in-law of [[Dwarkanath Ganguly]]. He was also an entrepreneur.He was the first person who introduced the colour printing in bangal.He started the first colour childrens magazine ''[[Sandesh (magazine)|Sandesh]]'' in 1913.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Sengupta |editor-first1=Subodh Chandra |editor-last2=Basu |editor-first2=Anjali |date=1998 |orig-year=First published 1976 |edition=4th |title=Saṃsada Bāṅālī caritābhidhāna |type=Biographical dictionary |language=bn |page=67 |isbn=81-85626-65-0}}</ref>

==Family history==
According to the history of the Ray family, one of their ancestors, Shri Ramsunder Deo (Deb), was a native of [[Chakdaha|Chakdah]] village in [[Nadia district]] of present-day [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. In search of fortune he migrated to Sherpur in East Bengal. There he met Raja Gunichandra, the zamindar of Jashodal, at the zamindar house of Sherpur. King Gunichandra was immediately impressed by Ramsunder's beautiful appearance and sharp intellect and took Ramsunder with him to his zamindari estate. He made Ramsunder his son-in-law and granted him some property in Jashodal. From then on Ramsunder started living in Jashodal. His descendants migrated from there and settled down in the village of Masua in Katiadi upazila of Kishoreganj district.<ref name = "sukumar1">''Sukumar Samagra Rachanabali 1'', 1960, Asia Publishing Company, p 1</ref>

==Life==
[[File:Upendrakishore Ray Chauduri, His wife and six childrens.jpg|left|thumb|Ray with wife and six children.]]

Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury was born on 12 May 1863,<ref name="birthdate"/> in a little village called Moshua in [[Mymensingh District|Mymensingh district]] of [[Bengal]], (now [[Kishoreganj District]] in [[Bangladesh]]). He spent most of his adult life in [[Calcutta]], where he died on 20 December 1915, aged only fifty-two.<ref group=note>''Modern Review'' gives 1862 as the year of his birth. The Satyajit Ray Society states it is 1863. ''Banglapedia'' says it is 10 May 1863.</ref><ref name="ModernReview">{{cite journal |author= |date=January 1916 |title=The Late Mr. U. Ray |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b2867428;view=1up;seq=131 |journal=Modern Review |volume=XIX |issue=1 |pages=103–105}}</ref>

He was born as Kamadaranjan Ray, to Kalinath Ray, a scholar in [[Sanskrit]], [[Arabic]], and [[Persian language]]. At the age of five, Kamadaranjan was adopted by Harikishore, a family-relative who was a zamindar in Mymensingh. Harikishore renamed his adopted son as Upendrakishore Roychowdhury, and added the honorific 'Raychaudhuri' as a surname.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.satyajitrayworld.com/family_history.php |title=Family History |website=Satyajit Ray Society |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420100713/http://www.satyajitrayworld.com/family_history.php |archive-date=20 April 2014}}</ref>

Ray Chowdhury passed the Entrance examination in 1880 with scholarship from [[Mymensingh Zilla School]]. He studied for a while at Presidency College, then affiliated with the [[University of Calcutta]], but passed BA examination in 1884 from the Calcutta Metropolitan Institution (now [[Vidyasagar College]]). Upendra took to drawing while in school. He published his first literary work in the magazine ''Sakha'' in 1883.<ref>{{cite book |last=Murshed |first=Md Mahbub |year=2012 |chapter=Roychowdhury, Upendra Kishore |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Roychowdhury,_Upendra_Kishore |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref>

His father Kalinath Ray was an expert in both English and Persian, and also in the traditional Indian and Anglo-Indian legal systems. He became an eminent expert for interpreting old land deeds written in Persian and in helping the landowners to get the best deal from the newly introduced British legal system in India. He became affluent, and in due course his family was able to afford two elephants.<ref name="Chakrabarti1997">{{cite book|title=Chhelebelar Dinguli|last=Chakrabarti|first=Punyalata|date=1997|publisher=Ananda Publishers|isbn=8172155840|location=Kolkata|language=bn|trans-title=Chebelara days}} (childhood memoirs of daughter of Upendrakishore)</ref>

==Blockmaker, printer and publisher==
Upendrakishore first introduced modern blockmaking, including half-tone and colour block making, in South Asia. When the reproduction using woodcut line blocks of his illustrations for one of his books, ''Chheleder Ramayan'', were very poor, he imported books, chemicals and equipment from Britain to learn the technology of blockmaking. After mastering this, in 1895 he successfully set up a business, [[U. Ray and Sons]], of making blocks at 7, Shibnarain Lane, which then became his residence-cum-workplace. He experimented with the process of advanced blockmaking, and several of his technical articles about blockmaking were published in the Penrose Annual Volumes published from Britain.<ref name="worldcat.org">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/essays-on-half-tone-photography-a-facsimile-of-the-essays-as-they-appeared-in-penroses-pictorial-annual/oclc/908703157&referer=brief_results|title=Essays on half-tone photography: a facsimile of the essays as they appeared in Penrose's pictorial annual|first1=Upendra Kishore|last1=Ray Choudhury|first2=Siddhārtha|last2=Ghosha|date=21 August 2014|via=Open WorldCat}}</ref> In his own lifetime, a printing expert from abroad commented that Upendrakishore's contribution was far more original than that of his counterparts in Europe and America, “which is all the more surprising when we consider how far he is from hub-centres of process work”.<ref name="A man of primary colours">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1130509/jsp/opinion/story_16873675.jsp|title=A man of primary colours|work=The Telegraph|access-date=3 June 2018}}</ref> He also went on publishing books, but initially he had them printed in other printing presses. His residence and business was located at 22, Sukeas Street (now the premises has been renamed 30B, Mahendra Srimany Street) from 1901 to 1914.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://streetsofcalcutta.com/absu-an-unique-photowalk/|title=Streetsofcalcutta.com|website=streetsofcalcutta.com}}</ref> The ''Sandesh'' magazine was first published here in 1913 (Baisakh Bengali year 1320).

In 1914 he founded what was then probably the finest printing press in South Asia, [[U. Ray and Sons]] at 100 Garpar Road. Even the building plans were designed by him <ref name="dailyasianage.com">{{Cite web|url=http://dailyasianage.com/news/73708/?regenerate|title=A pioneer of Bengali printing industry | The Asian Age Online, Bangladesh|first=Feature|last=Desk|website=The Asian Age}}</ref> He quickly earned recognition in India and abroad for the new methods he developed for printing both black & white and colour photographs with great accuracy of detail. It was with the intention of running this business that his son [[Sukumar Ray]] spent a few years at the [[University of Manchester]]'s printing technology department.<ref name="ModernReview" />

==Technological Innovations==
He experimented with the process of advanced blockmaking, and several of his technical articles about blockmaking were published in the Penrose Annual Volumes published from Britain.<ref name="worldcat.org"/> In his own lifetime, a printing expert from abroad commented that Upendrakishore's contribution was far more original than that of his counterparts in Europe and America, “which is all the more surprising when we consider how far he is from hub-centres of process work”.<ref name="A man of primary colours"/>

He invented several techniques related to halftone blockmaking, of which the "screen-adjusting machine" for the automatic focussing of process cameras, was also assembled in England following his design.<ref name="dailyasianage.com"/> The British handbook of printing technology, the Penrose Annual, Volume X, 1904–05, mentioned about him in an editorial note that, "Mr. Ray is evidently possessed of a mathematical quality of mind and he has reasoned out for himself the problems of half-tone work in a remarkably successful manner ... (His printing developments) enable the operator to do uniform work with the fullest graduation and detail in it and with the minimum amount of manipulative skill in the negative-making and etching."<ref name="ModernReview" /> The Penrose Annual Volume XI of 1905–06 published his paper about the new technique of 60-degree screens in halftone blockmaking.

==Author==
[[File:100 A Garpar Road Kolkata Heritage Building Tag by KMC.jpg|thumb|House of Upendrakishore at 100 A Garpar Road Kolkata Heritage Building Tag by KMC]]
"Cheleder Ramayana" was the first book by Upendrakishore Roychowdhury. Upendrakishore embraced the liberal religious movement of [[Brahmo Samaj]] in 1883, after the death of his foster-father and he was a deeply religious man. But his scientific bent of mind is reflected in the numerous science articles he wrote for children. He published two remarkable books on popular science, which were classics in the Bengali language. "Sekaler Katha" described the geological history of Earth and the ancient animals like dinosaurs. Äakasher Katha" was an enthralling account of astronomy.<ref>His obituary, published in the Bengali magazine, "Prabashi", Magh, Bengali year 1322, 15th volume, 2nd part [compiled following a speech delivered by his son Sukumar Ray in his memorial service].</ref> His scientific interests were further nurtured by his close friendship to the scientists [[Jagadish Chandra Bose|Jagadishchandra Bose]] and [[Prafulla Chandra Ray|Prafullachandra Ray]], all of whom lived and worked very close to each other.<ref name="Chakrabarti1997" /> He also published a well known collection of children's stories called ''[[Ţunţuni'r Boi|Tuntunir Boi]]''.

Also a musician, Upendrakishore wrote two books about music in Bengali – ''Sohaj Behala Shikkha'', about learning to play the violin, and ''Sikhak Batorike Harmonium'', about learning to play the harmonium as an accompaniment to Indian music. These were published by [[Dwarkin & Son]], which was a famous music firm of the times, established by Dwarkanath Ghose, the inventor of the [[hand-harmonium]]. (Upendrakishore coined the name for the firm in 1875).<ref>{{cite news |last=Bag |first=Shamik |date=13 August 2012 |title=1875 Dwarkin & Son - Sound-clouding centuries |url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/vGMw40HegRDZeKmaLkQu0N/1875-Dwarkin--Son--Soundclouding-centuries.html |newspaper=Mint |location=New Delhi |access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref>

==His children==

Upendrakishore's eldest daughter, [[Shukhalata Rao]], became a social worker, children's book author, and editor of a newspaper, ''Alok''. She founded the Shishu-o-Matri Mangal Kendro (Centre for the Welfare of Children and Mothers) and the Orissa Nari Seva Sangha.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sarker |first=Sushanta |year=2012 |chapter=Rao, Shukhalata |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Rao,_Shukhalata |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref>

His eldest son was famous [[Sukumar Ray]]. His second daughter was Punyalata Chakraborty. His second son was Subinoy Ray and the youngest son Subimal Ray.

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal |Children's literature}}
{{Commonscatinline}}
* {{Internet Archive author}}
* [http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3ARay+Choudhury%2C+Upendra+Kishore%2C&qt=hot_author Bibliography at WorldCat]

{{Ray family}}
{{Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne}}
{{Bengal Renaissance}}
{{Dwarkanath Ganguly family}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ray Chowdhury, Upendrakishore}}
[[Category:1863 births]]
[[Category:1915 deaths]]
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:Bengali zamindars]]
[[Category:Brahmos]]
[[Category:Indian children's book illustrators]]
[[Category:Indian children's writers]]
[[Category:Indian illustrators]]
[[Category:Indian printers]]
[[Category:People from Mymensingh District]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Vidyasagar College alumni]]
[[Category:Mymensingh Zilla School alumni]]

Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury - Revision history

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