->Aithus: +lnk Chanakya (Kautilya)

2022-01-03T10:05:13Z

+lnk Chanakya (Kautilya)

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:35, 3 January 2022
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	'''Upayasa''' is a Sanskrit word that means "approaches" or "ideas", "to come into any state or condition" and "to come near or towards".<ref>Monier Monier-Williams (1899), Sanskrit English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, Reprinted by Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN\|978-8120831056}}, Article on ''Upaya''</ref> It also refers to methods of diplomacy found in Hinduism and Jainism texts.<ref name=idsatext>[http://idsa.in/idsacomments/UnderstandingKautilyasFourUpayas_pkgautam_200613 Understanding Kautilya’s Four Upayas]</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9gAvAQAAIAAJ&q=Upayas~~&dq=Upayas&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj9qvW0jYXRAhWKpo8KHfwDAVw4FBDoAQg4MAY~~\|title=The Eastern Journal of International Law: Quarterly Organ of the Eastern Centre of International Studies\|date=1978-01-01\|publisher=Publication Department\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RiecBQAAQBAJ~~&pg=PA204~~&dq=Upayas&hl=~~en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj9qvW0jYXRAhWKpo8KHfwDAVw4FBDoAQhGMAk#v=onepage&q=Upayas&f=false~~\|title=Indian National Security and Counter-Insurgency: The Use of Force Vs Non-violent Response\|last=Goswami\|first=Namrata\|date=2014-11-27\|publisher=Routledge\|isbn=9781134514311\|language=en}}</ref>		'''Upayasa''' is a Sanskrit word that means "approaches" or "ideas", "to come into any state or condition" and "to come near or towards".<ref>Monier Monier-Williams (1899), Sanskrit English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, Reprinted by Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN\|978-8120831056}}, Article on ''Upaya''</ref> It also refers to methods of diplomacy found in Hinduism and Jainism texts.<ref name=idsatext>[http://idsa.in/idsacomments/UnderstandingKautilyasFourUpayas_pkgautam_200613 Understanding Kautilya’s Four Upayas]</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9gAvAQAAIAAJ&q=Upayas\|title=The Eastern Journal of International Law: Quarterly Organ of the Eastern Centre of International Studies\|date=1978-01-01\|publisher=Publication Department\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RiecBQAAQBAJ&dq=Upayas&pg=PA204\|title=Indian National Security and Counter-Insurgency: The Use of Force Vs Non-violent Response\|last=Goswami\|first=Namrata\|date=2014-11-27\|publisher=Routledge\|isbn=9781134514311\|language=en}}</ref>

	Kautilya mentioned four Upayas - Sama, Dana or Dama, Danda and Bheda as ways to reach a solution in state politics to avoid conflicts and war situations.<ref name=idsatext/> This phrase is also commonly used when you need to find a solution to a problem anyhow.		[[Chanakya\|Kautilya]] mentioned four Upayas - Sama, Dana or Dama, Danda and Bheda as ways to reach a solution in state politics to avoid conflicts and war situations.<ref name=idsatext/> This phrase is also commonly used when you need to find a solution to a problem anyhow.

	1. Sama, the first step, means conciliation or alliances. When the situation of conflict arises between states, the firsts step is to talk.<ref name="idsatext" />		1. Sama, the first step, means conciliation or alliances. When the situation of conflict arises between states, the firsts step is to talk.<ref name="idsatext" />

>Spasemunki: wl to more applicable danda article; wl to related term Upaya

2020-04-26T01:59:30Z

wl to more applicable danda article; wl to related term Upaya

New page

'''Upayasa''' is a Sanskrit word that means "approaches" or "ideas", "to come into any state or condition" and "to come near or towards".<ref>Monier Monier-Williams (1899), Sanskrit English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, Reprinted by Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120831056}}, Article on ''Upaya''</ref> It also refers to methods of diplomacy found in Hinduism and Jainism texts.<ref name=idsatext>[http://idsa.in/idsacomments/UnderstandingKautilyasFourUpayas_pkgautam_200613 Understanding Kautilya’s Four Upayas]</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9gAvAQAAIAAJ&q=Upayas&dq=Upayas&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj9qvW0jYXRAhWKpo8KHfwDAVw4FBDoAQg4MAY|title=The Eastern Journal of International Law: Quarterly Organ of the Eastern Centre of International Studies|date=1978-01-01|publisher=Publication Department|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RiecBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA204&dq=Upayas&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj9qvW0jYXRAhWKpo8KHfwDAVw4FBDoAQhGMAk#v=onepage&q=Upayas&f=false|title=Indian National Security and Counter-Insurgency: The Use of Force Vs Non-violent Response|last=Goswami|first=Namrata|date=2014-11-27|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781134514311|language=en}}</ref>

Kautilya mentioned four Upayas - Sama, Dana or Dama, Danda and Bheda as ways to reach a solution in state politics to avoid conflicts and war situations.<ref name=idsatext/> This phrase is also commonly used when you need to find a solution to a problem anyhow.

1. Sama, the first step, means conciliation or alliances. When the situation of conflict arises between states, the firsts step is to talk.<ref name="idsatext" />

2. [[Dāna|Dana]], the second, means gifts or compensation. Sometimes it is referred to as Dama, price, it means to pay the value.<ref name="idsatext" />

3. Bheda, refers to usage of Logic or Trickery, influence the mind.<ref name="idsatext" />

4. [[Daṇḍa (Hindu punishment)|Danda]] refers to force or armaments. To take up war with the opposite state.<ref name="idsatext" />

All of the above four Upayas are generally spoken together in a single colloquial phrase - "Sama Dana Bheda Dandopaya". This is a very common quote that is used all over India as a suggestion to resolve any conflict.

An article on Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses website states that the 20th-century power-politics theoretician Hans J. Morgenthau suggests similar four methods in a struggle for the balance of power: Divide and Rule; Compensation; Armaments; and Alliances.<ref name="idsatext" />

These four approaches are found in the Hindu ''Itihasa'' (epics) and the ''Dharmasastras'', as well as the Jain text ''Nitivakyamitra''.<ref name=idsatext/>

== See also ==
* [[Agni Purana]]
* [[Upaya]]- used in Buddhism to indicate the methods of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Upayas}}

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{{Hinduism-stub}}
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[[Category:Political theories]]

Upayas (diplomacy) - Revision history

->Aithus: +lnk Chanakya (Kautilya)

>Spasemunki: wl to more applicable danda article; wl to related term Upaya