Uparkot Fort - Revision history

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	\|location = [[Junagadh]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]		\|location = [[Junagadh]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
	\|image = Gate of Uperkot Fort 02.jpg		\|image = Gate of Uperkot Fort 02.jpg
	\|caption = Uparkot fort rediscovered and rebuilt during reign of Chudasama ruler Graharipu<ref>{{Cite web \| url=https://books.google.com/?id=bPNEAAAAIAAJ&q=Graharipu \|title = Junagadh\|last1 = Soundara Rajan\|first1 = K. V.\|year = 1985}}</ref>		\|caption = Uparkot fort rediscovered and rebuilt during reign of Chudasama ruler Graharipu<ref>{{Cite web \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bPNEAAAAIAAJ&q=Graharipu \|title = Junagadh\|last1 = Soundara Rajan\|first1 = K. V.\|year = 1985}}</ref>
	\|map_type =		\|map_type =
	\|map_size =		\|map_size =
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	\|code =		\|code =
	\|built =		\|built =
	\|builder = [[Graharipu]] of [[Chudasama dynasty]]<ref>{{Cite web \| url=https://books.google.com/?id=bPNEAAAAIAAJ&q=Graharipu \|title = Junagadh\|last1 = Soundara Rajan\|first1 = K. V.\|year = 1985}}</ref>		\|builder = [[Graharipu]] of [[Chudasama dynasty]]<ref>{{Cite web \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bPNEAAAAIAAJ&q=Graharipu \|title = Junagadh\|last1 = Soundara Rajan\|first1 = K. V.\|year = 1985}}</ref>
	\|materials = [[Granite]] [[rock (geology)\|Stones]] and [[lime mortar]]		\|materials = [[Granite]] [[rock (geology)\|Stones]] and [[lime mortar]]
	\|height =		\|height =
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	A fort and town was established at the foothills of [[Girnar]] hill during reign of the [[Maurya Empire]] and continued to be used during [[Gupta Empire\|Gupta period]], but it lost its importance when the capital of [[Saurashtra (region)\|Saurashtra]] region was moved from Junagadh to [[Vallabhi]] by [[Maitraka dynasty\|Maitraka]]. [[Chudasama dynasty\|Chudasama]]s settled around Junagadh from 875 CE according to bards when they acquired [[Vanthli\|Vamansthali]] (Vanthli) from Chavda ruler.<ref name="Wilberforce-Bell1980">{{cite book\|author=Harold Wilberforce-Bell\|title=The History of Kathiawad from the Earliest Times\|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.70165\|year=1916\|publisher=William Heinemann\|location=London\|pages=54–83}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>		A fort and town was established at the foothills of [[Girnar]] hill during reign of the [[Maurya Empire]] and continued to be used during [[Gupta Empire\|Gupta period]], but it lost its importance when the capital of [[Saurashtra (region)\|Saurashtra]] region was moved from Junagadh to [[Vallabhi]] by [[Maitraka dynasty\|Maitraka]]. [[Chudasama dynasty\|Chudasama]]s settled around Junagadh from 875 CE according to bards when they acquired [[Vanthli\|Vamansthali]] (Vanthli) from Chavda ruler.<ref name="Wilberforce-Bell1980">{{cite book\|author=Harold Wilberforce-Bell\|title=The History of Kathiawad from the Earliest Times\|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.70165\|year=1916\|publisher=William Heinemann\|location=London\|pages=54–83}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

	Chudasama ~~ruler~~ [[Graharipu]] (r. c.940-c.982)<ref>{{Cite book\|url=~~http~~://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.325016\|title=Gujaratlo Rajkiya Ane Sanskritik Itihas Granth Part-iii Itihasni Gujaratlo Rajkiya Ane Sanskritik Itihas Granth Part-iv Solanki\|last=Shastri\|first=Hariprasadji\|date=1976\|pages=163–165}}</ref> cleared the old citadel free from the jungle. From the evidence contained in the [[Hemchandra]]'s ''Dvyashraya'', it can be concluded that Graharipu laid the foundations of the citadel as it now exists. the legend is told about its rediscovery.<ref name="Wilberforce-Bell1980"/>		A 10th-century [[Abhira tribe\|Abhira]] [[Chudasama dynasty\|Chudasama]] king<ref name="Sen 1999">{{Cite book\|last=Sen\|first=Sailendra Nath\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&dq=abhira+graharipu&pg=PA324\|title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization\|date=1999\|publisher=New Age International\|isbn=978-81-224-1198-0\|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|last=Division\|first=Publications\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wumhDQAAQBAJ&dq=abhira+graharipu&pg=PT198\|title=THE GAZETTEER OF INDIA Volume 2\|publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting\|isbn=978-81-230-2265-9\|language=en}}</ref> [[Graharipu]] [[Ahir]] (r. c.940-c.982)<ref>{{Cite book\|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.325016\|title=Gujaratlo Rajkiya Ane Sanskritik Itihas Granth Part-iii Itihasni Gujaratlo Rajkiya Ane Sanskritik Itihas Granth Part-iv Solanki\|last=Shastri\|first=Hariprasadji\|date=1976\|pages=163–165}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nuq1AAAAIAAJ&q=graharipu+ahir\| title= The Chronology of Indian History, from the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Sixteenth Century\| publisher= Cosmo Publications \| work= History \| date= 1972 \| author= Christian Mabel Duff Rickmers\| pages=284}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5gk7AQAAMAAJ&q=Graharipu+ahir\| title= Hindu Castes and Tribes of Gujarat, Volume 2\| publisher= Vintage Books\| work= History \| date= 1988 \| author= James M. Campbell\| pages=527}}</ref> cleared the old citadel free from the jungle. From the evidence contained in the [[Hemchandra]]'s ''Dvyashraya'', it can be concluded that Graharipu laid the foundations of the citadel as it now exists. the legend is told about its rediscovery.<ref name="Wilberforce-Bell1980"/>

	=== Legend ===		=== Legend ===
	After several Chudasamas of Vamansthali had ruled, a woodcutter one day managed to cut his way through the forest and came to a place where stone walls and a gate existed. Nearby sat a holy man in contemplation, and on being asked by the woodcutter the name of the place and its history, he replied that its name was "Juna" — old. The woodcutter returned by the way he had come to Vamansthali, and reported his discovery to the Chudasama ruler, who ordered the forest to be cleared away. This being done, the fort came into sight. But there was none who knew its history, or who could tell more than the holy man had told the woodcutter. So the place became known as "[[Junagadh]]" for want of a better title.<ref name="google"/>		After several Chudasamas of Vamansthali had ruled, a woodcutter one day managed to cut his way through the forest and came to a place where stone walls and a gate existed. Nearby sat a holy man in contemplation, and on being asked by the woodcutter the name of the place and its history, he replied that its name was "Juna" — old. The woodcutter returned by the way he had come to Vamansthali, and reported his discovery to the Chudasama ruler, who ordered the forest to be cleared away. This being done, the fort came into sight. But there was none who knew its history, or who could tell more than the holy man had told the woodcutter. So the place became known as "[[Junagadh]]" for want of a better title.<ref name="google"/>
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	=== Restorations ===		=== Restorations ===
	In 1893-94, Haridas Viharidas, the Dewan of [[Junagadh State]], had restored the fort.<ref>https://www.phulchhab.com/news/303205</ref>		In 1893-94, Haridas Viharidas, the Dewan of [[Junagadh State]], had restored the fort.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=''Phulchhab'' staff reporter \|title=ઉપરકોટ પુન: પ્રાચીન ભવ્યતા ધારણ કરશે: 45 કરોડના ખર્ચે રિનોવેશન થશે \|access-date=30 June 2021 \|url=https://www.phulchhab.com/news/303205 \|work=ફુલછાબ Phulchhab \|publisher=Janmabhoomi Group \|language=gu \|trans-title=Ancient grandeur: Renovation to take place at a cost of rs 45 crore}}</ref>

	In July 2020, the [[Government of Gujarat]] initiated the restoration of the fort and the structures inside it at the cost of {{INRconvert\|44.46\|c}}. The project will be completed in 18 months.<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2020-07-17\|title=Vijay Rupani lays foundation stone for Uparkot Fort restoration\|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/vijay-rupani-lays-foundation-stone-for-uparkot-fort-restoration-6509717/\|access-date=2021-06-30\|website=The Indian Express\|language=en}}</ref>		In July 2020, the [[Government of Gujarat]] initiated the restoration of the fort and the structures inside it at the cost of {{INRconvert\|44.46\|c}}. The project will be completed in 18 months.<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2020-07-17\|title=Vijay Rupani lays foundation stone for Uparkot Fort restoration\|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/vijay-rupani-lays-foundation-stone-for-uparkot-fort-restoration-6509717/\|access-date=2021-06-30\|website=The Indian Express\|language=en}}</ref>

	==Architecture and places of interest==		==Architecture and places of interest==
	The Uparkot is one of the most interesting of old forts. The parapets on the east, where the place is commanded by higher ground, have been raised at least three times to give cover against the increasingly long range of projectiles.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|url=https://archive.org/details/handbooktravelle00john\|title=A handbook for travellers in India, Burma, and Ceylon .\|last=Murray\|first=John\|publisher=London : J. Murray ; Calcutta : Thacker, Spink, & Co.\|others=University of California Libraries\|year=1911\|location=London\|pages=153–155}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>		The Uparkot is one of the most interesting of old forts. The parapets on the east, where the place is commanded by higher ground, have been raised at least three times to give cover against the increasingly long range of projectiles.<ref name="travel 1911">{{Cite book\|url=https://archive.org/details/handbooktravelle00john\|title=A handbook for travellers in India, Burma, and Ceylon\|last=Murray\|first=John\|publisher=London : J. Murray ; Calcutta : Thacker, Spink, & Co.\|others=University of California Libraries\|year=1911\|location=London\|pages=153–155}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

	The entrance is beyond the town in the east wall, and consists of three gateways, one inside the other. The fort walls are from 60 to 70 feet high, forming a massive cluster of buildings. The inner gateway, a beautiful specimen of the [[Torana]], has been topped by more later [[Architecture of India\|Indo-Saracenic]] work.<ref name=":0" />		The entrance is beyond the town in the east wall, and consists of three gateways, one inside the other. The fort walls are from 60 to 70 feet high, forming a massive cluster of buildings. The inner gateway, a beautiful specimen of the [[Torana]], has been topped by more later [[Architecture of India\|Indo-Saracenic]] work.<ref name="travel 1911" />

	On the rampart above the gate is an inscription of [[Mandalika III]], dated 1450.<ref name=":0" /> Near this is the [[Jumma Masjid, Uparkot\|Jumma Masjid]] built by [[Mahmud Begada]].<ref name=":0" />		On the rampart above the gate is an inscription of [[Mandalika III]], dated 1450.<ref name="travel 1911" /> Near this is the [[Jumma Masjid, Uparkot\|Jumma Masjid]] built by [[Mahmud Begada]].<ref name="travel 1911" />

	The Tomb of Nuri Shah, close to the mosque, is ornamented with fluted cupolas, and a most peculiar carving over the door. There are two Wells in the Uparkot — the ~~Adi Chadi or~~ Adi Kadi Vav, said to have been built in ancient times by the ~~slave girls~~ of the Chudasama rulers, is descended by a long flight of steps ~~(the sides of the descent show the most remarkable overlappings and changes of lie in the strata, for which alone it is worth a visit to anyone with geological tastes)~~ ; and the [[Navghan Kuvo]], cut to a great depth in the soft rock, and with a circular staircase.<ref name=":0" />		The Tomb of Nuri Shah, close to the mosque, is ornamented with fluted cupolas, and a most peculiar carving over the door. There are two Wells in the Uparkot — the [[Adi Kadi Vav]], said to have been built in ancient times by the maids of the Chudasama rulers, is descended by a long flight of steps; and the [[Navghan Kuvo]], cut to a great depth in the soft rock, and with a circular staircase.<ref name="travel 1911" />

	[[Uparkot Caves]] are 2nd-3rd century Buddhist caves located in the Uparkot. It is double ~~storyed~~ cave complex used by Buddhist monks during ancient times.		[[Uparkot Caves]] are 2nd-3rd century Buddhist caves located in the Uparkot. It is double storeyed cave complex used by Buddhist monks during ancient times.

	Nawabi Lake is a square artificial lake located in the Uparkot.		Nawabi Lake is a square artificial lake located in the Uparkot.
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	==See also==		==See also==
	* [[Jumma Masjid, Uparkot]]		* [[Jumma Masjid, Uparkot]]
			* [[Uparkot Caves]]

	==References==		==References==

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2021-08-15T08:18:23Z

Gallery

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{{Infobox Military Structure
|name = Uparkot Fort
|native_name =
|partof =
|location = [[Junagadh]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
|image = Gate of Uperkot Fort 02.jpg
|caption = Uparkot fort rediscovered and rebuilt during reign of Chudasama ruler Graharipu<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://books.google.com/?id=bPNEAAAAIAAJ&q=Graharipu |title = Junagadh|last1 = Soundara Rajan|first1 = K. V.|year = 1985}}</ref>
|map_type =
|map_size =
|map_caption =
|type = [[Fort]]
|coordinates= {{coord|display=title, inline}}
|code =
|built =
|builder = [[Graharipu]] of [[Chudasama dynasty]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://books.google.com/?id=bPNEAAAAIAAJ&q=Graharipu |title = Junagadh|last1 = Soundara Rajan|first1 = K. V.|year = 1985}}</ref>
|materials = [[Granite]] [[rock (geology)|Stones]] and [[lime mortar]]
|height =
|used =
|demolished =
|condition = [[Ruins]]
|open_to_public = Yes
|controlledby = [[Government of Gujarat]]
|garrison =
|current_commander =
|commanders =
|occupants =
|battles =
|events =
}}
'''Uparkot''' is a fort located in east side of [[Junagadh]], [[Gujarat]], India.

==History==
A fort and town was established at the foothills of [[Girnar]] hill during reign of the [[Maurya Empire]] and continued to be used during [[Gupta Empire|Gupta period]], but it lost its importance when the capital of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] region was moved from Junagadh to [[Vallabhi]] by [[Maitraka dynasty|Maitraka]]. [[Chudasama dynasty|Chudasama]]s settled around Junagadh from 875 CE according to bards when they acquired [[Vanthli|Vamansthali]] (Vanthli) from Chavda ruler.<ref name="Wilberforce-Bell1980">{{cite book|author=Harold Wilberforce-Bell|title=The History of Kathiawad from the Earliest Times|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.70165|year=1916|publisher=William Heinemann|location=London|pages=54–83}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

Chudasama ruler [[Graharipu]] (r. c.940-c.982)<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.325016|title=Gujaratlo Rajkiya Ane Sanskritik Itihas Granth Part-iii Itihasni Gujaratlo Rajkiya Ane Sanskritik Itihas Granth Part-iv Solanki|last=Shastri|first=Hariprasadji|date=1976|pages=163–165}}</ref> cleared the old citadel free from the jungle. From the evidence contained in the [[Hemchandra]]'s ''Dvyashraya'', it can be concluded that Graharipu laid the foundations of the citadel as it now exists. the legend is told about its rediscovery.<ref name="Wilberforce-Bell1980"/>
=== Legend ===
After several Chudasamas of Vamansthali had ruled, a woodcutter one day managed to cut his way through the forest and came to a place where stone walls and a gate existed. Nearby sat a holy man in contemplation, and on being asked by the woodcutter the name of the place and its history, he replied that its name was "Juna" — old. The woodcutter returned by the way he had come to Vamansthali, and reported his discovery to the Chudasama ruler, who ordered the forest to be cleared away. This being done, the fort came into sight. But there was none who knew its history, or who could tell more than the holy man had told the woodcutter. So the place became known as "[[Junagadh]]" for want of a better title.<ref name="google"/>

If this story is to be believed, either [[Graharipu]] rediscovered an ancient stronghold or else after he had built the fort, it was abandoned and afterwards found again by a later ruler [[Navaghana (late 11th century king)|Navaghana]] who transferred Chudasama capital from Vamansthali to Junagadh.<ref name="google">{{cite book|title=Gujarat–Daman–Diu: A Travel Guide|date=1998|publisher=Orient Longman Limited|isbn=9788125013839|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7EHTBl_pyQC|access-date=2017-07-11}}</ref><ref name="Wilberforce-Bell1980"/>

=== Restorations ===
In 1893-94, Haridas Viharidas, the Dewan of [[Junagadh State]], had restored the fort.<ref>https://www.phulchhab.com/news/303205</ref>

In July 2020, the [[Government of Gujarat]] initiated the restoration of the fort and the structures inside it at the cost of {{INRconvert|44.46|c}}. The project will be completed in 18 months.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-17|title=Vijay Rupani lays foundation stone for Uparkot Fort restoration|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/vijay-rupani-lays-foundation-stone-for-uparkot-fort-restoration-6509717/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

==Architecture and places of interest==
The Uparkot is one of the most interesting of old forts. The parapets on the east, where the place is commanded by higher ground, have been raised at least three times to give cover against the increasingly long range of projectiles.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/handbooktravelle00john|title=A handbook for travellers in India, Burma, and Ceylon .|last=Murray|first=John|publisher=London : J. Murray ; Calcutta : Thacker, Spink, & Co.|others=University of California Libraries|year=1911|location=London|pages=153–155}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

The entrance is beyond the town in the east wall, and consists of three gateways, one inside the other. The fort walls are from 60 to 70 feet high, forming a massive cluster of buildings. The inner gateway, a beautiful specimen of the [[Torana]], has been topped by more later [[Architecture of India|Indo-Saracenic]] work.<ref name=":0" />

On the rampart above the gate is an inscription of [[Mandalika III]], dated 1450.<ref name=":0" /> Near this is the [[Jumma Masjid, Uparkot|Jumma Masjid]] built by [[Mahmud Begada]].<ref name=":0" />

The Tomb of Nuri Shah, close to the mosque, is ornamented with fluted cupolas, and a most peculiar carving over the door. There are two Wells in the Uparkot — the Adi Chadi or Adi Kadi Vav, said to have been built in ancient times by the slave girls of the Chudasama rulers, is descended by a long flight of steps (the sides of the descent show the most remarkable overlappings and changes of lie in the strata, for which alone it is worth a visit to anyone with geological tastes) ; and the [[Navghan Kuvo]], cut to a great depth in the soft rock, and with a circular staircase.<ref name=":0" />

[[Uparkot Caves]] are 2nd-3rd century Buddhist caves located in the Uparkot. It is double storyed cave complex used by Buddhist monks during ancient times.

Nawabi Lake is a square artificial lake located in the Uparkot.

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Gate of Uperkot Fort 01.jpg|Gate
File:Cannon at Uperkot Fort 01.jpg|Cannon
File:Cannon at Uperkot Fort 02.jpg|Cannons named Neelam and Manek
File:Upparkot Fort, Junagarh.jpg|Jama Mosque (formerly a palace)
File:Mausoleum in Uperkot Fort.jpg|Tomb of Nuri Shah
File:Adi Kadi Vav 04.jpg|Adi Kadi Vav
File:Navghan Kuvo 02.jpg|Navghan Kuvo
File:Uparkot fort.jpg|Mosque
File:Buddhist caves, Uperkot 05.jpg|Buddhist Caves
File:Adi Kadi Vav - Junagadh - Gujarat - 001.jpg|Adi Kadi Vav, Junagadh, Gujarat
</gallery>
==See also==
* [[Jumma Masjid, Uparkot]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{commonscat}}
[[Category:Forts in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Junagadh district]]
[[Category:Junagadh]]