United National Liberation Front - Revision history

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	The '''United National Liberation Front''' (UNLF), also known as the '''United National Liberation Front of Manipur,'''<ref name="T–Nitin">{{cite web\|title=A life roughed–out in the jungle \|url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105A_life_roughed.asp \|author=Nitin A. Gokhale \|publisher=[[Tehelka]] \|location=Hong Kong \|date=1 October 2005 \|access-date=22 June 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001603/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105A_life_roughed.asp \|archive-date=4 March 2016 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> was a [[Separatism\|separatist]] [[insurgent]] group active in the state of [[Manipur]] in [[Northeast India]] which aims at establishing a [[sovereignty\|sovereign]] and [[socialist]] Manipur.		The '''United National Liberation Front''' (UNLF), also known as the '''United National Liberation Front of Manipur,'''<ref name="T–Nitin">{{cite web\|title=A life roughed–out in the jungle \|url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105A_life_roughed.asp \|author=Nitin A. Gokhale \|publisher=[[Tehelka]] \|location=Hong Kong \|date=1 October 2005 \|access-date=22 June 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001603/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105A_life_roughed.asp \|archive-date=4 March 2016 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> was a [[Separatism\|separatist]] insurgent group active in the state of [[Manipur]] in [[Northeast India]] which aims at establishing a [[sovereignty\|sovereign]] and socialist Manipur.

	==Background==		==Background==

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	==Ideology and Aim==		==Ideology and Aim==
	{{Quote box\|width=15em\|align=right\|quote=UNLF have nothing to demand from the [[Government of India]] but instead it is fighting to regain the lost sovereignty [of Manipur].\|source=UNLF<ref name="Sify–28Sep"/>\|salign=right}}		{{Quote box\|width=15em\|align=right\|quote=UNLF have nothing to demand from the [[Government of India]] but instead, it is fighting to regain the lost sovereignty [of Manipur].\|source=UNLF<ref name="Sify–28Sep"/>\|salign=right}}
	The [[National Investigation Agency]] (NIA), in September 2012, acknowledged that "the activities carried out by the United National Liberation Front (UNLF) are for bringing sovereignty in the state of Manipur." The UNLF has viewed the statement as "a big political victory."<ref name="Sify–28Sep">{{cite news\|title=UNLF activities are for bringing sovereignty in Manipur \|url=http://www.samachar.com/unlf-activities-are-for-bring-sovereignty-in-manipur-nia-mj4ci8chggb.html \|newspaper=[[Imphal Free Press]] \|date=28 September 2012 \|access-date=22 June 2014}}</ref>		The [[National Investigation Agency]] (NIA), in September 2012, acknowledged that "the activities carried out by the United National Liberation Front (UNLF) are for bringing sovereignty in the state of Manipur." The UNLF has viewed the statement as "a big political victory."<ref name="Sify–28Sep">{{cite news\|title=UNLF activities are for bringing sovereignty in Manipur \|url=http://www.samachar.com/unlf-activities-are-for-bring-sovereignty-in-manipur-nia-mj4ci8chggb.html \|newspaper=[[Imphal Free Press]] \|date=28 September 2012 \|access-date=22 June 2014}}</ref>

	The UNLF chairperson, [[RK Meghen\|R. K. Meghan ''alias'' Sanayaima]], has been charged for "waging war" against India by the NIA, but the UNLF leader has voiced that the UNLF does not view India or its army as enemies, and "the UNLF only resist the Indian armed forces stationed in Manipur and to resist those people who engaged in colonial repression."<ref name="Sify–28Sep"/>		The UNLF chairperson, [[RK Meghen\|R. K. Meghan ''alias'' Sanayaima]], has been charged for "waging war" against India by the NIA, but the UNLF leader has voiced that the UNLF does not view India or its army as enemies, and "the UNLF only resist the Indian armed forces stationed in Manipur and to resist those people who engaged in colonial repression."<ref name="Sify–28Sep"/>

	Sana Yaima believes that Manipur is "under martial law," and has questioned the character and worthiness of the elections ~~that had been~~ held in Manipur. He further believes that "the most democratic means to resolve conflict is [[plebiscite]]."<ref name="Sify–28Sep"/>		Sana Yaima believes that Manipur is "under martial law," and has questioned the character and worthiness of the elections held in Manipur. He further believes that "the most democratic means to resolve conflict is [[plebiscite]]."<ref name="Sify–28Sep"/>

	==Organization==		==Organization==
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	===Manipur People's Army===		===Manipur People's Army===
	Manipur People's Army (MPA) was formed on 9 February 1987 as an Army Wing of UNLF. In 1991, the UNLF picked up arms, and its first armed action against IOF{{What\|date=November 2023}} was carried out on 15 December of 1991 at Lamdan on a convoy of the [[Central Reserve Police Force]] (CRPF). In 2005, the MPA's strength was estimated to be about 2,000 armed cadres.<ref name="T–Nitin"/> According to the UNLF, by 2005, the UNLF was engaged in a battle against about 50,000 armed personnel from the Indian Army deployed against the organisation in the forest regions of Manipur.<ref name="T–Peace">{{cite magazine \|title=Want peace? travel the roads not taken \|url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105Want_peace.asp \|author=Nitin A. Gokhale \|magazine=[[Tehelka]] \|location=Hong Kong \|date=1 October 2005 \|access-date=23 June 2014}}</ref> The cadres of the group are drawn largely from the [[Meitei people\|Meiteis]] and the [[Pangal people\|Pangal]]s.		Manipur People's Army (MPA) was formed on 9 February 1987 as an Army Wing of UNLF. In 1991, the UNLF picked up arms and its first armed action against IOF{{What\|date=November 2023}} was carried out on 15 December of 1991 at Lamdan on a convoy of the [[Central Reserve Police Force]] (CRPF). In 2005, the MPA's strength was estimated to be about 2,000 armed cadres.<ref name="T–Nitin"/> According to the UNLF, by 2005, the UNLF was engaged in a battle against about 50,000 armed personnel from the Indian Army deployed against the organisation in the forest regions of Manipur.<ref name="T–Peace">{{cite magazine \|title=Want peace? travel the roads not taken \|url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105Want_peace.asp \|author=Nitin A. Gokhale \|magazine=[[Tehelka]] \|location=Hong Kong \|date=1 October 2005 \|access-date=23 June 2014}}</ref> The cadres of the group are drawn largely from the [[Meitei people\|Meiteis]] and the [[Pangal people\|Pangal]]s.

	==Strategy and Tactics==		==Strategy and Tactics==
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	The UNLF had put forward four [[condiciones sine quibus non]] before the government of India if it is willing to initiate dialogue and ink a peace accord with the organisation, which are:<ref name="T–Peace"/>		The UNLF had put forward four [[condiciones sine quibus non]] before the government of India if it is willing to initiate dialogue and ink a peace accord with the organisation, which are:<ref name="T–Peace"/>
	#"A plebiscite under [[UN]] supervision to elicit the people's opinion on the core issue of restoration of Manipur's independence."		#"A plebiscite under [[UN]] supervision to elicit the people's opinion on the core issue of restoration of Manipur's independence."
	#"Deployment of a [[UN Peacekeeping Forces\|UN peacekeeping force]] in Manipur to ensure free and fair process."		#"Deployment of a [[UN Peacekeeping Forces\|UN peacekeeping force]] in Manipur to ensure a free and fair process."
	#"Surrender of arms by the UNLF to the UN force, matched by the withdrawal of Indian troops."		#"Surrender of arms by the UNLF to the UN force, matched by the withdrawal of Indian troops."
	#"Handing over of [[political power]] by the UN in accordance with the results of the plebiscite."		#"Handing over of [[political power]] by the UN in accordance with the results of the plebiscite."

	==Arrest of chairperson==		==Arrest of chairperson==
	On 4 December 2010, Sanayaima was produced by the NIA, who claimed to have arrested Sanayaima from [[Motihari]] in [[Bihar]]; while, Sanayaima has proclaimed that he was abducted by the Bangladeshi agencies on 29 September 2010 and "handed over" to the agencies of India. Sanayaima has been booked by the NIA for "waging war against the Indian Union under section 120 (B) [[Indian Penal Code\|IPC]], 121, 121 (A), 122 IPC and 16, 17, 18, 18 (A), 18 (B) & 20 [[Unlawful Activities Prevention Act]], 1967 as amended in 2008."<ref>{{cite news\|title=Sanayaima to be produced in court \|url=http://www.samachar.com/Sanayaima-to-be-produced-in-court-mixsONbhhai.html \|newspaper=[[Imphal Free Press]] \|date=22 August 2012 \|access-date=22 June 2014}}</ref> After the arrest, he said that "in a multi-community region, the idea of peace cannot be achieved without considering the collateral damages of the secondary conflict that emerges out of the meaningless peace process."<ref name="Sify–8Nov"/>		On 4 December 2010, Sanayaima was produced by the NIA, who claimed to have arrested Sanayaima from [[Motihari]] in [[Bihar]]; while Sanayaima has proclaimed that he was abducted by the Bangladeshi agencies on 29 September 2010 and "handed over" to the agencies of India. Sanayaima has been booked by the NIA for "waging war against the Indian Union under section 120 (B) [[Indian Penal Code\|IPC]], 121, 121 (A), 122 IPC and 16, 17, 18, 18 (A), 18 (B) & 20 [[Unlawful Activities Prevention Act]], 1967 as amended in 2008."<ref>{{cite news\|title=Sanayaima to be produced in court \|url=http://www.samachar.com/Sanayaima-to-be-produced-in-court-mixsONbhhai.html \|newspaper=[[Imphal Free Press]] \|date=22 August 2012 \|access-date=22 June 2014}}</ref> After the arrest, he said that "in a multi-community region, the idea of peace cannot be achieved without considering the collateral damages of the secondary conflict that emerges out of the meaningless peace process."<ref name="Sify–8Nov"/>
	{{Quotation\|The Indian government ploy in the so called peace process in 'Western South East Asia' (WESIA) [Indian northeast region] is aimed at transforming the conflict between the peoples of the region with the government of India into a conflict between the peoples on ethnic lines.\| Sanayaima, in 2012<ref name="Sify–8Nov">{{cite news\|title=India transforming conflict on ethnic lines \|url=http://www.samachar.com/India-transforming-conflict-on-ethnic-lines-mloiMEifiei.html \|newspaper=[[Imphal Free Press]] \|date=8 November 2012 \|access-date=22 June 2014}}</ref>}}		{{Quotation\|The Indian government ploy in the so-called peace process in 'Western South East Asia' (WESIA) [Indian northeast region] is aimed at transforming the conflict between the peoples of the region with the government of India into a conflict between the peoples on ethnic lines.\| Sanayaima, in 2012<ref name="Sify–8Nov">{{cite news\|title=India transforming conflict on ethnic lines \|url=http://www.samachar.com/India-transforming-conflict-on-ethnic-lines-mloiMEifiei.html \|newspaper=[[Imphal Free Press]] \|date=8 November 2012 \|access-date=22 June 2014}}</ref>}}

	Drawing inspiration from the "charged political atmosphere" during the "[[Naxalbari uprising]]", he had dropped out of the higher studies at the [[Jadavpur University]] in Kolkata, and "picked up a gun and vanished into the forest" about 4 decades ago; and had remained underground since then.<ref name="T–Nitin"/>		Drawing inspiration from the "charged political atmosphere" during the "[[Naxalbari uprising]]", he had dropped out of the higher studies at the [[Jadavpur University]] in Kolkata, and "picked up a gun and vanished into the forest" about 4 decades ago; and had remained underground since then.<ref name="T–Nitin"/>

	==Controversies==		==Controversies==
	Civil rights activist Babloo Loitongbom, said that "there was an allegation that certain members of the UNLF had raped 20 women. We formed a multi-ethnic fact finding team to go to the place. Unfortunately, we were not allowed to go inside the camp, we were not given any medical evidence."<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://barandbench.com/content/212/%E2%80%9Cif-you-go-hunting-be-ready-meet-tiger%E2%80%9D-%E2%80%93-human-rights-activist-and-scholar-babloo\|publisher=BarandBench\|title="If you go hunting, be ready to meet the tiger" — Human rights activist and scholar, BablooLoitongbam}}</ref>		Civil rights activist Babloo Loitongbom said that "there was an allegation that certain members of the UNLF had raped 20 women. We formed a multi-ethnic fact-finding team to go to the place. Unfortunately, we were not allowed to go inside the camp, we were not given any medical evidence."<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://barandbench.com/content/212/%E2%80%9Cif-you-go-hunting-be-ready-meet-tiger%E2%80%9D-%E2%80%93-human-rights-activist-and-scholar-babloo\|publisher=BarandBench\|title="If you go hunting, be ready to meet the tiger" — Human rights activist and scholar, BablooLoitongbam}}</ref>

	== Surrender ==		== Surrender ==
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	==External links==		==External links==
	* [http://www.globalsecurity.org About UNLF in the Global Security Website]		* [http://www.globalsecurity.org About UNLF in the Global Security Website]
	* [http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/manipur/terrorist_outfits/Unlf.htm Description of the UNLF in The South Asian Terrorist Portal] ~~the~~ international India Jammu ~~organizationsOrganizations~~		* [http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/manipur/terrorist_outfits/Unlf.htm Description of the UNLF in The South Asian Terrorist Portal] The international India Jammu organizations.

	{{Terror outfits}}		{{Terror outfits}}

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 }}
-The '''United National Liberation Front''' (UNLF), also known as the '''United National Liberation Front of Manipur,'''<ref name="T–Nitin">{{cite web|title=A life roughed–out in the jungle |url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105A_life_roughed.asp |author=Nitin A. Gokhale |publisher=[[Tehelka]] |location=Hong Kong |date=1 October 2005 |access-date=22 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001603/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105A_life_roughed.asp |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> is a [[Separatism|separatist]] [[insurgent]] group active in the state of [[Manipur]] in [[Northeast India]] which aims at establishing a [[sovereignty|sovereign]] and [[socialist]] Manipur.
+The '''United National Liberation Front''' (UNLF), also known as the '''United National Liberation Front of Manipur,'''<ref name="T–Nitin">{{cite web|title=A life roughed–out in the jungle |url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105A_life_roughed.asp |author=Nitin A. Gokhale |publisher=[[Tehelka]] |location=Hong Kong |date=1 October 2005 |access-date=22 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001603/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105A_life_roughed.asp |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> was a [[Separatism|separatist]] [[insurgent]] group active in the state of [[Manipur]] in [[Northeast India]] which aims at establishing a [[sovereignty|sovereign]] and [[socialist]] Manipur.
 ==Background==
@@ Line 89: / Line 89: @@
 ==Controversies==
 Civil rights activist Babloo Loitongbom, said that "there was an allegation that certain members of the UNLF had raped 20 women. We formed a multi-ethnic fact finding team to go to the place. Unfortunately, we were not allowed to go inside the camp, we were not given any medical evidence."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://barandbench.com/content/212/%E2%80%9Cif-you-go-hunting-be-ready-meet-tiger%E2%80%9D-%E2%80%93-human-rights-activist-and-scholar-babloo|publisher=BarandBench|title="If you go hunting, be ready to meet the tiger" — Human rights activist and scholar, BablooLoitongbam}}</ref>
 ==See also==

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			{{Short description\|Militant organization}}
	{{about\|a separatist group in Manipur, India\|the Paraguayan resistance group\|United National Liberation Front (Paraguay)}}		{{about\|a separatist group in Manipur, India\|the Paraguayan resistance group\|United National Liberation Front (Paraguay)}}
			{{Distinguish\|text=[[Unitary National Liberation Front]], a World War II political organization from the former Yugoslavia}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=February 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=February 2020}}
	{{Infobox organisation		{{Infobox organisation
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	\| founded = {{Start date and age\|df=yes\|1964\|11\|24}}		\| founded = {{Start date and age\|df=yes\|1964\|11\|24}}
	\| leader_title = Chairperson		\| leader_title = Chairperson
	\| leader_name = [[RK Meghen~~\|Rajkumar Meghen ''alias'' Sana Yaima~~]]		\| leader_name = Arambam Samendra{{KIA}}<br>(1964-2000)<br>[[RK Meghen]]<br>(2000-2010)<br>Lamjingba Khundongbam<br>(2010-2023)
	\| abbreviation = '''UNLF'''		\| abbreviation = '''UNLF'''
	\| purpose = Sovereignty of Manipur		\| purpose = Sovereignty of Manipur
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	}}		}}

	The '''United National Liberation Front''' (UNLF), also known as the '''United National Liberation Front of Manipur,'''<ref name="T–Nitin">{{cite ~~journal~~ \|title=A life roughed–out in the jungle \|url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105A_life_roughed.asp \|author=Nitin A. Gokhale \|publisher=[[Tehelka]] \|location=Hong Kong \|date=1 October 2005 \|access-date=22 June 2014 ~~\|journal=—~~ \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001603/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105A_life_roughed.asp \|archive-date=4 March 2016 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> is a [[Separatism\|separatist]] [[insurgent]] group active in the state of [[Manipur]] in [[Northeast India]] which aims at establishing a [[sovereignty\|sovereign]] and [[socialist]] Manipur.		The '''United National Liberation Front''' (UNLF), also known as the '''United National Liberation Front of Manipur,'''<ref name="T–Nitin">{{cite web\|title=A life roughed–out in the jungle \|url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105A_life_roughed.asp \|author=Nitin A. Gokhale \|publisher=[[Tehelka]] \|location=Hong Kong \|date=1 October 2005 \|access-date=22 June 2014 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001603/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105A_life_roughed.asp \|archive-date=4 March 2016 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> is a [[Separatism\|separatist]] [[insurgent]] group active in the state of [[Manipur]] in [[Northeast India]] which aims at establishing a [[sovereignty\|sovereign]] and [[socialist]] Manipur.

	==Background==		==Background==
	The United ~~Nation~~ Liberation Front's movement manifested as a result of several similar movements of the same political agenda. The outfit was founded on 24 November 1964<ref name="T–Nitin"/> with the following key personalities as its central committee members:		The United National Liberation Front's movement manifested as a result of several similar movements of the same political agenda. The outfit was founded on 24 November 1964<ref name="T–Nitin"/> with the following key personalities as its central committee members:

	# [[RK Meghen\|Sana Yaima]], Chairman		# [[RK Meghen\|Sana Yaima]], Chairman
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	==Ideology and Aim==		==Ideology and Aim==
	{{Quote box\|width=15em\|align=right\|quote=UNLF have nothing to demand from the [[Government of India]] but instead it is fighting to regain the lost sovereignty [of Manipur].\|source=UNLF<ref name="Sify–28Sep"/>\|salign=right}}		{{Quote box\|width=15em\|align=right\|quote=UNLF have nothing to demand from the [[Government of India]] but instead it is fighting to regain the lost sovereignty [of Manipur].\|source=UNLF<ref name="Sify–28Sep"/>\|salign=right}}
	The [[National Investigation Agency]] (NIA), in September 2012, acknowledged that "the activities carried out by the United National Liberation Front (UNLF) are for bringing [[sovereignty]] in the state of Manipur." The UNLF has viewed the statement as "a big political victory."<ref name="Sify–28Sep">{{cite news\|title=UNLF activities are for bringing sovereignty in Manipur \|url=http://www.samachar.com/unlf-activities-are-for-bring-sovereignty-in-manipur-nia-mj4ci8chggb.html \|newspaper=[[Imphal Free Press]] ~~\|publisher=Sify~~ \|date=28 September 2012 \|access-date=22 June 2014}}</ref>		The [[National Investigation Agency]] (NIA), in September 2012, acknowledged that "the activities carried out by the United National Liberation Front (UNLF) are for bringing sovereignty in the state of Manipur." The UNLF has viewed the statement as "a big political victory."<ref name="Sify–28Sep">{{cite news\|title=UNLF activities are for bringing sovereignty in Manipur \|url=http://www.samachar.com/unlf-activities-are-for-bring-sovereignty-in-manipur-nia-mj4ci8chggb.html \|newspaper=[[Imphal Free Press]] \|date=28 September 2012 \|access-date=22 June 2014}}</ref>

	The UNLF chairperson, [[RK Meghen\|R. K. Meghan ''alias'' Sanayaima]], has been charged for "waging war" against India by the NIA, but the UNLF leader has voiced that the UNLF does not view India or its [[army]] as enemies, and "the UNLF only resist the Indian armed forces stationed in Manipur and to resist those people who engaged in ~~[[Colonialism\|~~colonial~~]] [[Political~~ repression~~\|repression]]~~."<ref name="Sify–28Sep"/>		The UNLF chairperson, [[RK Meghen\|R. K. Meghan ''alias'' Sanayaima]], has been charged for "waging war" against India by the NIA, but the UNLF leader has voiced that the UNLF does not view India or its army as enemies, and "the UNLF only resist the Indian armed forces stationed in Manipur and to resist those people who engaged in colonial repression."<ref name="Sify–28Sep"/>

	Sana ~~[[RK Meghen\|~~Yaima]] believes that Manipur is "under [[martial law]]," and has questioned the character and worthiness of the elections that had been held in Manipur. He further believes that "the most ~~[[democracy\|~~democratic]] means to resolve ~~[[Conflict (process)\|~~conflict]] is [[plebiscite]]."<ref name="Sify–28Sep"/>		Sana Yaima believes that Manipur is "under martial law," and has questioned the character and worthiness of the elections that had been held in Manipur. He further believes that "the most democratic means to resolve conflict is [[plebiscite]]."<ref name="Sify–28Sep"/>

	==Organization==		==Organization==
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	===Manipur People's Army===		===Manipur People's Army===
	Manipur People's Army was formed on 9 February 1987 as an Army Wing of UNLF. In 1991, the UNLF picked up arms, and its first armed action against IOF was carried out on 15 December of 1991 at Lamdan on a CRPF ~~Convoy~~. In 2005, the MPA's strength was estimated to be about 2,000 armed cadres.<ref name="T–Nitin"/> According to the UNLF, by 2005, the UNLF was engaged in a battle against about 50,000 armed personnel from the [[Indian Army]] deployed against the organisation in the forest regions of Manipur.<ref name="T–Peace">{{cite magazine \|title=Want peace? travel the roads not taken \|url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105Want_peace.asp \|author=Nitin A. Gokhale \|magazine=[[Tehelka]] \|location=Hong Kong \|date=1 October 2005 \|access-date=23 June 2014}}</ref> The cadres of the group are drawn largely from the [[Meitei people\|Meiteis]] and the [[Pangal people\|Pangal]]s.		Manipur People's Army (MPA) was formed on 9 February 1987 as an Army Wing of UNLF. In 1991, the UNLF picked up arms, and its first armed action against IOF{{What\|date=November 2023}} was carried out on 15 December of 1991 at Lamdan on a convoy of the [[Central Reserve Police Force]] (CRPF). In 2005, the MPA's strength was estimated to be about 2,000 armed cadres.<ref name="T–Nitin"/> According to the UNLF, by 2005, the UNLF was engaged in a battle against about 50,000 armed personnel from the Indian Army deployed against the organisation in the forest regions of Manipur.<ref name="T–Peace">{{cite magazine \|title=Want peace? travel the roads not taken \|url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105Want_peace.asp \|author=Nitin A. Gokhale \|magazine=[[Tehelka]] \|location=Hong Kong \|date=1 October 2005 \|access-date=23 June 2014}}</ref> The cadres of the group are drawn largely from the [[Meitei people\|Meiteis]] and the [[Pangal people\|Pangal]]s.

	The territory inhabited by the Nagas, consisting of four districts of [[Manipur]], is the operating ground of [[Naga people\|Naga]] groups such as the NSCNs, who are predominantly Christian. The Imphal valley, consisting of four districts, is the operating ground of Meitei/Pangal groups such as [[People's Liberation Army of Manipur\|PLA]] and [[PREPAK]], who predominantly follow [[Vaishnavism\|Vaishnav]] [[Hinduism]] and [[Sunni Islam]] respectively.

	==Strategy and Tactics==		==Strategy and Tactics==
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	==Arrest of chairperson==		==Arrest of chairperson==
	On 4 December 2010, Sanayaima was produced by the NIA, who claimed to have arrested Sanayaima from [[Motihari]] in [[Bihar]]; while, Sanayaima has proclaimed that he was abducted by the Bangladeshi agencies on 29 September 2010 and "handed over" to the agencies of India. Sanayaima has been booked by the NIA for "waging war against the Indian Union under section 120 (B) [[Indian Penal Code\|IPC]], 121, 121 (A), 122 IPC and 16, 17, 18, 18 (A), 18 (B) & 20 [[Unlawful Activities Prevention Act]], 1967 as amended in 2008."<ref>{{cite news\|title=Sanayaima to be produced in court \|url=http://www.samachar.com/Sanayaima-to-be-produced-in-court-mixsONbhhai.html \|newspaper=[[Imphal Free Press]] ~~\|publisher=Sify~~ \|date=22 August 2012 \|access-date=22 June 2014}}</ref> After the arrest, he said that "in a multi-community region, the idea of peace cannot be achieved without considering the collateral damages of the secondary conflict that emerges out of the meaningless peace process."<ref name="Sify–8Nov"/>		On 4 December 2010, Sanayaima was produced by the NIA, who claimed to have arrested Sanayaima from [[Motihari]] in [[Bihar]]; while, Sanayaima has proclaimed that he was abducted by the Bangladeshi agencies on 29 September 2010 and "handed over" to the agencies of India. Sanayaima has been booked by the NIA for "waging war against the Indian Union under section 120 (B) [[Indian Penal Code\|IPC]], 121, 121 (A), 122 IPC and 16, 17, 18, 18 (A), 18 (B) & 20 [[Unlawful Activities Prevention Act]], 1967 as amended in 2008."<ref>{{cite news\|title=Sanayaima to be produced in court \|url=http://www.samachar.com/Sanayaima-to-be-produced-in-court-mixsONbhhai.html \|newspaper=[[Imphal Free Press]] \|date=22 August 2012 \|access-date=22 June 2014}}</ref> After the arrest, he said that "in a multi-community region, the idea of peace cannot be achieved without considering the collateral damages of the secondary conflict that emerges out of the meaningless peace process."<ref name="Sify–8Nov"/>
	{{Quotation\|The Indian government ploy in the so called peace process in 'Western South East Asia' (WESIA) [Indian northeast region] is aimed at transforming the conflict between the peoples of the region with the government of India into a ~~[[Ethnic conflict\|~~conflict between the peoples on ethnic lines]].\| Sanayaima, in 2012<ref name="Sify–8Nov">{{cite news\|title=India transforming conflict on ethnic lines \|url=http://www.samachar.com/India-transforming-conflict-on-ethnic-lines-mloiMEifiei.html \|newspaper=[[Imphal Free Press]] ~~\|publisher=Sify~~ \|date=8 November 2012 \|access-date=22 June 2014}}</ref>}}		{{Quotation\|The Indian government ploy in the so called peace process in 'Western South East Asia' (WESIA) [Indian northeast region] is aimed at transforming the conflict between the peoples of the region with the government of India into a conflict between the peoples on ethnic lines.\| Sanayaima, in 2012<ref name="Sify–8Nov">{{cite news\|title=India transforming conflict on ethnic lines \|url=http://www.samachar.com/India-transforming-conflict-on-ethnic-lines-mloiMEifiei.html \|newspaper=[[Imphal Free Press]] \|date=8 November 2012 \|access-date=22 June 2014}}</ref>}}

	Drawing inspiration from the "charged political atmosphere" during the "[[Naxalbari uprising]]", he had dropped out of the higher studies at the [[Jadavpur University]] in Kolkata, and "picked up a gun and vanished into the forest" about 4 decades ago; and had remained underground since then.<ref name="T–Nitin"/>		Drawing inspiration from the "charged political atmosphere" during the "[[Naxalbari uprising]]", he had dropped out of the higher studies at the [[Jadavpur University]] in Kolkata, and "picked up a gun and vanished into the forest" about 4 decades ago; and had remained underground since then.<ref name="T–Nitin"/>

Bot: robot: Create/update articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

2022-10-13T11:38:05Z

robot: Create/update articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:08, 13 October 2022
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	\|successor=		\|successor=
	\|allies=		\|allies=
	\|opponents= {{flagicon\|India}} [[India]]<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.nia.gov.in/banned_org.aspx \|title=~~Archived copy~~ \|access-date=2015-08-02 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110115355/http://www.nia.gov.in/banned_org.aspx \|archive-date=10 January 2016 }}</ref><br>{{flagicon\|Myanmar}} [[Myanmar]]		\|opponents= {{flagicon\|India}} [[India]]<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.nia.gov.in/banned_org.aspx \|title=NIA :: Banned Terrorist Organisations \|access-date=2015-08-02 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110115355/http://www.nia.gov.in/banned_org.aspx \|archive-date=10 January 2016 }}</ref><br>{{flagicon\|Myanmar}} [[Myanmar]]
	\|battles=		\|battles=
	\|url=		\|url=
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	===Manipur People's Army===		===Manipur People's Army===
	Manipur People's Army was formed on 9 February 1987 as an Army Wing of UNLF. In 1991, the UNLF picked up arms, and its first armed action against IOF was carried out on 15 December of 1991 at Lamdan on a CRPF Convoy. In 2005, the MPA's strength was estimated to be about 2,000 armed cadres.<ref name="T–Nitin"/> According to the UNLF, by 2005, the UNLF was engaged in a battle against about 50,000 armed personnel from the [[Indian Army]] deployed against the organisation in the forest regions of Manipur.<ref name="T–Peace">{{cite magazine \|title=Want peace? travel the roads not taken \|url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105Want_peace.asp \|author=Nitin A. Gokhale \|magazine=[[Tehelka]] \|location=Hong Kong \|date=1 October 2005 \|access-date=23 June 2014}}</ref> The cadres of the group are drawn largely from the [[Meitei people\|Meiteis]], the [[Pangal people\|Pangal]]s ~~and [[Meitei Christians]]~~.		Manipur People's Army was formed on 9 February 1987 as an Army Wing of UNLF. In 1991, the UNLF picked up arms, and its first armed action against IOF was carried out on 15 December of 1991 at Lamdan on a CRPF Convoy. In 2005, the MPA's strength was estimated to be about 2,000 armed cadres.<ref name="T–Nitin"/> According to the UNLF, by 2005, the UNLF was engaged in a battle against about 50,000 armed personnel from the [[Indian Army]] deployed against the organisation in the forest regions of Manipur.<ref name="T–Peace">{{cite magazine \|title=Want peace? travel the roads not taken \|url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105Want_peace.asp \|author=Nitin A. Gokhale \|magazine=[[Tehelka]] \|location=Hong Kong \|date=1 October 2005 \|access-date=23 June 2014}}</ref> The cadres of the group are drawn largely from the [[Meitei people\|Meiteis]] and the [[Pangal people\|Pangal]]s.

	The territory inhabited by the Nagas, consisting of four districts of [[Manipur]], is the operating ground of [[Naga people\|Naga]] groups such as the NSCNs, who are predominantly Christian. The Imphal valley, consisting of four districts, is the operating ground of Meitei/Pangal groups such as [[People's Liberation Army of Manipur\|PLA]] and [[PREPAK]], who predominantly follow [[Vaishnavism\|Vaishnav]] [[Hinduism]] and [[Sunni Islam]] respectively.		The territory inhabited by the Nagas, consisting of four districts of [[Manipur]], is the operating ground of [[Naga people\|Naga]] groups such as the NSCNs, who are predominantly Christian. The Imphal valley, consisting of four districts, is the operating ground of Meitei/Pangal groups such as [[People's Liberation Army of Manipur\|PLA]] and [[PREPAK]], who predominantly follow [[Vaishnavism\|Vaishnav]] [[Hinduism]] and [[Sunni Islam]] respectively.
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	[[Category:1964 establishments in Assam]]		[[Category:1964 establishments in Assam]]
	[[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by India]]		[[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by India]]
	[[Category:Organizations designated as terrorist ~~in Asia~~]]		[[Category:Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist]]
	[[Category:Guerrilla organizations]]		[[Category:Guerrilla organizations]]
	[[Category:Insurgency in Northeast India]]		[[Category:Insurgency in Northeast India]]

UpdateBot: robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

2022-05-27T17:32:55Z

robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:02, 27 May 2022
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	}}		}}

	The '''United National Liberation Front''' (UNLF), also known as the '''United National Liberation Front of Manipur,'''<ref name="T–Nitin">{{cite journal \|title=A life roughed–out in the jungle \|url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105A_life_roughed.asp \|author=Nitin A. Gokhale \|publisher=[[Tehelka]] \|location=Hong Kong \|date=1 October 2005 \|access-date=22 June 2014 \|journal=— \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001603/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105A_life_roughed.asp \|archive-date=4 March 2016 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> is an [[insurgent]] group active in the state of [[Manipur]] in ~~the~~ [[Northeast India]] which aims at establishing a [[sovereignty\|sovereign]] and [[socialist]] Manipur.		The '''United National Liberation Front''' (UNLF), also known as the '''United National Liberation Front of Manipur,'''<ref name="T–Nitin">{{cite journal \|title=A life roughed–out in the jungle \|url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105A_life_roughed.asp \|author=Nitin A. Gokhale \|publisher=[[Tehelka]] \|location=Hong Kong \|date=1 October 2005 \|access-date=22 June 2014 \|journal=— \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001603/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105A_life_roughed.asp \|archive-date=4 March 2016 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> is a [[Separatism\|separatist]] [[insurgent]] group active in the state of [[Manipur]] in [[Northeast India]] which aims at establishing a [[sovereignty\|sovereign]] and [[socialist]] Manipur.

	==Background==		==Background==
	The United Nation Liberation Front's movement manifested as a result of several similar movements of the same political agenda. The outfit was founded on 24 November 1964<ref name="T–Nitin"/> with the following key personalities as its central committee members:		The United Nation Liberation Front's movement manifested as a result of several similar movements of the same political agenda. The outfit was founded on 24 November 1964<ref name="T–Nitin"/> with the following key personalities as its central committee members:

			# [[RK Meghen\|Sana Yaima]], Chairman
	# Kalalung Kamei, President		# Kalalung Kamei, President
	# Thankhopao Singsit, Vice-President		# Thankhopao Singsit, Vice-President
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	The [[National Investigation Agency]] (NIA), in September 2012, acknowledged that "the activities carried out by the United National Liberation Front (UNLF) are for bringing [[sovereignty]] in the state of Manipur." The UNLF has viewed the statement as "a big political victory."<ref name="Sify–28Sep">{{cite news\|title=UNLF activities are for bringing sovereignty in Manipur \|url=http://www.samachar.com/unlf-activities-are-for-bring-sovereignty-in-manipur-nia-mj4ci8chggb.html \|newspaper=[[Imphal Free Press]] \|publisher=Sify \|date=28 September 2012 \|access-date=22 June 2014}}</ref>		The [[National Investigation Agency]] (NIA), in September 2012, acknowledged that "the activities carried out by the United National Liberation Front (UNLF) are for bringing [[sovereignty]] in the state of Manipur." The UNLF has viewed the statement as "a big political victory."<ref name="Sify–28Sep">{{cite news\|title=UNLF activities are for bringing sovereignty in Manipur \|url=http://www.samachar.com/unlf-activities-are-for-bring-sovereignty-in-manipur-nia-mj4ci8chggb.html \|newspaper=[[Imphal Free Press]] \|publisher=Sify \|date=28 September 2012 \|access-date=22 June 2014}}</ref>

	The UNLF chairperson, R. K. Meghan ''alias'' Sanayaima, has been charged for "waging war" against India by the NIA, but the UNLF leader has voiced that the UNLF does not view India or its [[army]] as enemies, and "the UNLF only resist the Indian armed forces stationed in Manipur and to resist those people who engaged in [[Colonialism\|colonial]] [[Political repression\|repression]]."<ref name="Sify–28Sep"/>		The UNLF chairperson, [[RK Meghen\|R. K. Meghan ''alias'' Sanayaima]], has been charged for "waging war" against India by the NIA, but the UNLF leader has voiced that the UNLF does not view India or its [[army]] as enemies, and "the UNLF only resist the Indian armed forces stationed in Manipur and to resist those people who engaged in [[Colonialism\|colonial]] [[Political repression\|repression]]."<ref name="Sify–28Sep"/>

	~~Sanayaima~~ believes that Manipur is "under [[martial law]]," and has questioned the character and worthiness of the elections that had been held in Manipur. He further believes that "the most [[democracy\|democratic]] means to resolve [[Conflict (process)\|conflict]] is [[plebiscite]]."<ref name="Sify–28Sep"/>		Sana [[RK Meghen\|Yaima]] believes that Manipur is "under [[martial law]]," and has questioned the character and worthiness of the elections that had been held in Manipur. He further believes that "the most [[democracy\|democratic]] means to resolve [[Conflict (process)\|conflict]] is [[plebiscite]]."<ref name="Sify–28Sep"/>

	==~~Organisation~~==		==Organization==
	The UNLF is one of the oldest insurgent ~~organisation~~ in ~~the~~ Northeast India. E. N. Rammohan, the former [[Director General]] of the [[Border Security Force]], once wrote, "Of the five major (Imphal) valley underground groups, the UNLF's ideology is by and large intact. The senior leadership is well educated and has good ~~organisational~~ control."<ref name="T–Nitin"/>		The UNLF is one of the oldest insurgent organizations in Northeast India. E. N. Rammohan, the former [[Director General\|Director-General]] of the [[Border Security Force]], once wrote, "Of the five major (Imphal) valley underground groups, the UNLF's ideology is by and large intact. The senior leadership is well educated and has good organizational control."<ref name="T–Nitin"/>

	{{infobox war faction		{{infobox war faction
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	\|caption=Flag of the Manipur People's Army		\|caption=Flag of the Manipur People's Army
	\|active= 24 November 1964 – present <br><small>(armed since 1990)</small>		\|active= 24 November 1964 – present <br><small>(armed since 1990)</small>
	\|ideology= [[Meitei nationalism\|Manipur Nationalism]]<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2004-08-12\|title=United National Liberation Front\|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/united-national-liberation-front/story-8DY8NY5tKPOFT6AbRQgbBJ.html\|access-date=2021-04-24\|website=Hindustan Times\|language=en}}</ref><br>[[Socialism\|Socialist]]<ref>{{Cite web\|title=The Official Home Page of the Indian Army\|url=https://indianarmy.nic.in/\|access-date=2021-04-24\|website=www.indianarmy.nic.in}}</ref><br>[[Separatism]]<br>[[Islamism]]<ref>https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/insurgencies-of-the-northeast-explained-part-i/2370987/</ref>		\|ideology= [[Meitei nationalism\|Manipur Nationalism]]<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2004-08-12\|title=United National Liberation Front\|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/united-national-liberation-front/story-8DY8NY5tKPOFT6AbRQgbBJ.html\|access-date=2021-04-24\|website=Hindustan Times\|language=en}}</ref><br>[[Socialism\|Socialist]]<ref>{{Cite web\|title=The Official Home Page of the Indian Army\|url=https://indianarmy.nic.in/\|access-date=2021-04-24\|website=www.indianarmy.nic.in}}</ref><br>[[Separatism]]<br>[[Islamism]]<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/insurgencies-of-the-northeast-explained-part-i/2370987/ \| title=Insurgencies of the Northeast explained (Part I) }}</ref>
	\|clans=		\|clans=
	\|headquarters= [[Manipur]]		\|headquarters= [[Manipur]]
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	===Manipur People's Army===		===Manipur People's Army===
	Manipur People's Army was formed on 9 February 1987 as an Army Wing of UNLF. In 1991, the UNLF picked up arms, and its first armed action against IOF carried on 15 December of 1991 at Lamdan on a CRPF Convoy. In 2005, the strength ~~of the MPA~~ was estimated to about 2,000 armed cadres.<ref name="T–Nitin"/> According to the UNLF, by 2005, the UNLF was engaged in battle against about 50,000 armed personnel from the [[Indian Army]]~~, that are~~ deployed against the organisation in the forest regions of Manipur.<ref name="T–Peace">{{cite magazine \|title=Want peace? travel the roads not taken \|url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105Want_peace.asp \|author=Nitin A. Gokhale \|magazine=[[Tehelka]] \|location=Hong Kong \|date=1 October 2005 \|access-date=23 June 2014}}</ref> The cadres of the group are drawn largely from the [[Meitei people\|Meiteis]] ~~and~~ the [[Pangal]]s.		Manipur People's Army was formed on 9 February 1987 as an Army Wing of UNLF. In 1991, the UNLF picked up arms, and its first armed action against IOF was carried out on 15 December of 1991 at Lamdan on a CRPF Convoy. In 2005, the MPA's strength was estimated to be about 2,000 armed cadres.<ref name="T–Nitin"/> According to the UNLF, by 2005, the UNLF was engaged in a battle against about 50,000 armed personnel from the [[Indian Army]] deployed against the organisation in the forest regions of Manipur.<ref name="T–Peace">{{cite magazine \|title=Want peace? travel the roads not taken \|url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105Want_peace.asp \|author=Nitin A. Gokhale \|magazine=[[Tehelka]] \|location=Hong Kong \|date=1 October 2005 \|access-date=23 June 2014}}</ref> The cadres of the group are drawn largely from the [[Meitei people\|Meiteis]], the [[Pangal people\|Pangal]]s and [[Meitei Christians]].

	The territory inhabited by the Nagas, consisting of four districts of [[Manipur]], is the operating ground of [[Naga people\|Naga]] groups such as the NSCNs, who are predominantly Christian. The Imphal valley, consisting of four districts, is the operating ground of Meitei/Pangal groups such as [[People's Liberation Army of Manipur\|PLA]] and [[PREPAK]], who predominantly follow [[Vaishnav]] [[Hinduism]] and [[Sunni Islam]] respectively.		The territory inhabited by the Nagas, consisting of four districts of [[Manipur]], is the operating ground of [[Naga people\|Naga]] groups such as the NSCNs, who are predominantly Christian. The Imphal valley, consisting of four districts, is the operating ground of Meitei/Pangal groups such as [[People's Liberation Army of Manipur\|PLA]] and [[PREPAK]], who predominantly follow [[Vaishnavism\|Vaishnav]] [[Hinduism]] and [[Sunni Islam]] respectively.

	==Strategy and Tactics==		==Strategy and Tactics==
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	The UNLF had put forward four [[condiciones sine quibus non]] before the government of India if it is willing to initiate dialogue and ink a peace accord with the organisation, which are:<ref name="T–Peace"/>		The UNLF had put forward four [[condiciones sine quibus non]] before the government of India if it is willing to initiate dialogue and ink a peace accord with the organisation, which are:<ref name="T–Peace"/>
	#"A plebiscite under [[UN]] supervision to elicit the people's opinion on the core issue of restoration of Manipur's independence."		#"A plebiscite under [[UN]] supervision to elicit the people's opinion on the core issue of restoration of Manipur's independence."
	#"Deployment of a [[UN Peacekeeping Forces\|UN peacekeeping force]] in Manipur to ensure ~~the process is~~ free and fair."		#"Deployment of a [[UN Peacekeeping Forces\|UN peacekeeping force]] in Manipur to ensure free and fair process."
	#"Surrender of arms by the UNLF to the UN force, matched by the withdrawal of Indian troops."		#"Surrender of arms by the UNLF to the UN force, matched by the withdrawal of Indian troops."
	#"Handing over of [[political power]] by the UN in accordance with the results of the plebiscite."		#"Handing over of [[political power]] by the UN in accordance with the results of the plebiscite."
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	==External links==		==External links==
	* [http://www.globalsecurity.org About UNLF in the Global Security Website]		* [http://www.globalsecurity.org About UNLF in the Global Security Website]
	* [http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/manipur/terrorist_outfits/Unlf.htm Description of the UNLF in The South Asian Terrorist Portal]		* [http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/manipur/terrorist_outfits/Unlf.htm Description of the UNLF in The South Asian Terrorist Portal] the international India Jammu organizationsOrganizations

	{{Terror outfits}}		{{Terror outfits}}

->Vif12vf: Restored revision 1061019725 by Rexh17 (talk)

2021-12-19T22:11:29Z

Restored revision 1061019725 by Rexh17 (talk)

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:41, 20 December 2021
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	\|caption=Flag of the Manipur People's Army		\|caption=Flag of the Manipur People's Army
	\|active= 24 November 1964 – present <br><small>(armed since 1990)</small>		\|active= 24 November 1964 – present <br><small>(armed since 1990)</small>
	\|ideology= [[Meitei nationalism\|Manipur Nationalism]]<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2004-08-12\|title=United National Liberation Front\|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/united-national-liberation-front/story-8DY8NY5tKPOFT6AbRQgbBJ.html\|access-date=2021-04-24\|website=Hindustan Times\|language=en}}</ref><br>[[Socialism\|Socialist]]<ref>{{Cite web\|title=The Official Home Page of the Indian Army\|url=https://indianarmy.nic.in/\|access-date=2021-04-24\|website=www.indianarmy.nic.in}}</ref><br>[[Separatism]]		\|ideology= [[Meitei nationalism\|Manipur Nationalism]]<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2004-08-12\|title=United National Liberation Front\|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/united-national-liberation-front/story-8DY8NY5tKPOFT6AbRQgbBJ.html\|access-date=2021-04-24\|website=Hindustan Times\|language=en}}</ref><br>[[Socialism\|Socialist]]<ref>{{Cite web\|title=The Official Home Page of the Indian Army\|url=https://indianarmy.nic.in/\|access-date=2021-04-24\|website=www.indianarmy.nic.in}}</ref><br>[[Separatism]]<br>[[Islamism]]<ref>https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/insurgencies-of-the-northeast-explained-part-i/2370987/</ref>
	\|clans=		\|clans=
	\|headquarters= [[Manipur]]		\|headquarters= [[Manipur]]
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	[[Category:Guerrilla organizations]]		[[Category:Guerrilla organizations]]
	[[Category:Insurgency in Northeast India]]		[[Category:Insurgency in Northeast India]]
			[[Category:Islamism in India]]
			[[Category:Islamic socialism]]
			[[Category:Jihadist groups in India]]
	[[Category:Left-wing militant groups in India]]		[[Category:Left-wing militant groups in India]]
	[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1990]]		[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1990]]

imported>AManWithNoPlan: remove redirect

2021-08-05T21:52:34Z

remove redirect

New page

{{about|a separatist group in Manipur, India|the Paraguayan resistance group|United National Liberation Front (Paraguay)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox organisation
| name = United National Liberation Front of Manipur
| image = Bandera UNLF.svg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Banner of the United National Liberation Front
| founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1964|11|24}}
| leader_title = Chairperson
| leader_name = [[RK Meghen|Rajkumar Meghen ''alias'' Sana Yaima]]
| abbreviation = '''UNLF'''
| purpose = Sovereignty of Manipur
| founder = Arambam Samendra<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manipur : A Degenerated Insurgency|url=https://usiofindia.org/publication/usi-journal/manipur-a-degenerated-insurgency/|access-date=2021-04-24|language=en-US}}</ref>
| membership = 2,000 armed cadres (2005)
| main_organ = Ningtam Meira (journal)
| headquarters = [[Manipur]]
| status = Banned by the [[Government of India]]
| type = Armed Independence Group
| formerly = 
}}

The '''United National Liberation Front''' (UNLF), also known as the '''United National Liberation Front of Manipur,'''<ref name="T–Nitin">{{cite journal |title=A life roughed–out in the jungle |url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105A_life_roughed.asp |author=Nitin A. Gokhale |publisher=[[Tehelka]] |location=Hong Kong |date=1 October 2005 |access-date=22 June 2014 |journal=— |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001603/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105A_life_roughed.asp |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> is an [[insurgent]] group active in the state of [[Manipur]] in the [[Northeast India]] which aims at establishing a [[sovereignty|sovereign]] and [[socialist]] Manipur.

==Background==
The United Nation Liberation Front's movement manifested as a result of several similar movements of the same political agenda. The outfit was founded on 24 November 1964<ref name="T–Nitin"/> with the following key personalities as its central committee members:

# Kalalung Kamei, President
# Thankhopao Singsit, Vice-President
# Arambam Samarendra, General Secretary
# Longjam Manimohan, Member
# Laishram Kanhai, Member
# Nongmeikapam Sanajaoba, Member
# [[Nongmaithem Pahari]], Member

==Ideology and Aim==
{{Quote box|width=15em|align=right|quote=UNLF have nothing to demand from the [[Government of India]] but instead it is fighting to regain the lost sovereignty [of Manipur].|source=UNLF<ref name="Sify–28Sep"/>|salign=right}}
The [[National Investigation Agency]] (NIA), in September 2012, acknowledged that "the activities carried out by the United National Liberation Front (UNLF) are for bringing [[sovereignty]] in the state of Manipur." The UNLF has viewed the statement as "a big political victory."<ref name="Sify–28Sep">{{cite news|title=UNLF activities are for bringing sovereignty in Manipur |url=http://www.samachar.com/unlf-activities-are-for-bring-sovereignty-in-manipur-nia-mj4ci8chggb.html |newspaper=[[Imphal Free Press]] |publisher=Sify |date=28 September 2012 |access-date=22 June 2014}}</ref>

The UNLF chairperson, R. K. Meghan ''alias'' Sanayaima, has been charged for "waging war" against India by the NIA, but the UNLF leader has voiced that the UNLF does not view India or its [[army]] as enemies, and "the UNLF only resist the Indian armed forces stationed in Manipur and to resist those people who engaged in [[Colonialism|colonial]] [[Political repression|repression]]."<ref name="Sify–28Sep"/>

Sanayaima believes that Manipur is "under [[martial law]]," and has questioned the character and worthiness of the elections that had been held in Manipur. He further believes that "the most [[democracy|democratic]] means to resolve [[Conflict (process)|conflict]] is [[plebiscite]]."<ref name="Sify–28Sep"/>

==Organisation==
The UNLF is one of the oldest insurgent organisation in the Northeast India. E. N. Rammohan, the former [[Director General]] of the [[Border Security Force]], once wrote, "Of the five major (Imphal) valley underground groups, the UNLF's ideology is by and large intact. The senior leadership is well educated and has good organisational control."<ref name="T–Nitin"/>

{{infobox war faction
|name= Manipur People's Army
|native_name=
|native_name_lang=
|war= [[Insurgency in Northeast India]]
|image= [[File:Bandera UNLF.svg|200px]]
|caption=Flag of the Manipur People's Army
|active= 24 November 1964 – present (armed since 1990)
|ideology= [[Meitei nationalism|Manipur Nationalism]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2004-08-12|title=United National Liberation Front|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/united-national-liberation-front/story-8DY8NY5tKPOFT6AbRQgbBJ.html|access-date=2021-04-24|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> [[Socialism|Socialist]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Official Home Page of the Indian Army|url=https://indianarmy.nic.in/|access-date=2021-04-24|website=www.indianarmy.nic.in}}</ref> [[Separatism]]
|clans=
|headquarters= [[Manipur]]
|area= [[Northeast India]]
|size= 2,000
|predecessor=
|successor=
|allies=
|opponents= {{flagicon|India}} [[India]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nia.gov.in/banned_org.aspx |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-08-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110115355/http://www.nia.gov.in/banned_org.aspx |archive-date=10 January 2016 }}</ref> {{flagicon|Myanmar}} [[Myanmar]]
|battles=
|url=
}}

===Manipur People's Army===
Manipur People's Army was formed on 9 February 1987 as an Army Wing of UNLF. In 1991, the UNLF picked up arms, and its first armed action against IOF carried on 15 December of 1991 at Lamdan on a CRPF Convoy. In 2005, the strength of the MPA was estimated to about 2,000 armed cadres.<ref name="T–Nitin"/> According to the UNLF, by 2005, the UNLF was engaged in battle against about 50,000 armed personnel from the [[Indian Army]], that are deployed against the organisation in the forest regions of Manipur.<ref name="T–Peace">{{cite magazine |title=Want peace? travel the roads not taken |url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105Want_peace.asp |author=Nitin A. Gokhale |magazine=[[Tehelka]] |location=Hong Kong |date=1 October 2005 |access-date=23 June 2014}}</ref> The cadres of the group are drawn largely from the [[Meitei people|Meiteis]] and the [[Pangal]]s.

The territory inhabited by the Nagas, consisting of four districts of [[Manipur]], is the operating ground of [[Naga people|Naga]] groups such as the NSCNs, who are predominantly Christian. The Imphal valley, consisting of four districts, is the operating ground of Meitei/Pangal groups such as [[People's Liberation Army of Manipur|PLA]] and [[PREPAK]], who predominantly follow [[Vaishnav]] [[Hinduism]] and [[Sunni Islam]] respectively.

==Strategy and Tactics==
The UNLF is known to be heavily involved with Extortion, Arms Trading, and Income Generating Projects to finance their armed movements.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} They have several organized training camps within the northeast sector of India and the neighbouring countries of Myanmar and Bangladesh.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} Ningtam Meira is the primary media outlet they use to make publications.

===Four–point proposal to Indian government===
The UNLF had put forward four [[condiciones sine quibus non]] before the government of India if it is willing to initiate dialogue and ink a peace accord with the organisation, which are:<ref name="T–Peace"/>
#"A plebiscite under [[UN]] supervision to elicit the people's opinion on the core issue of restoration of Manipur's independence."
#"Deployment of a [[UN Peacekeeping Forces|UN peacekeeping force]] in Manipur to ensure the process is free and fair."
#"Surrender of arms by the UNLF to the UN force, matched by the withdrawal of Indian troops."
#"Handing over of [[political power]] by the UN in accordance with the results of the plebiscite."

==Arrest of chairperson==
On 4 December 2010, Sanayaima was produced by the NIA, who claimed to have arrested Sanayaima from [[Motihari]] in [[Bihar]]; while, Sanayaima has proclaimed that he was abducted by the Bangladeshi agencies on 29 September 2010 and "handed over" to the agencies of India. Sanayaima has been booked by the NIA for "waging war against the Indian Union under section 120 (B) [[Indian Penal Code|IPC]], 121, 121 (A), 122 IPC and 16, 17, 18, 18 (A), 18 (B) & 20 [[Unlawful Activities Prevention Act]], 1967 as amended in 2008."<ref>{{cite news|title=Sanayaima to be produced in court |url=http://www.samachar.com/Sanayaima-to-be-produced-in-court-mixsONbhhai.html |newspaper=[[Imphal Free Press]] |publisher=Sify |date=22 August 2012 |access-date=22 June 2014}}</ref> After the arrest, he said that "in a multi-community region, the idea of peace cannot be achieved without considering the collateral damages of the secondary conflict that emerges out of the meaningless peace process."<ref name="Sify–8Nov"/>
{{Quotation|The Indian government ploy in the so called peace process in 'Western South East Asia' (WESIA) [Indian northeast region] is aimed at transforming the conflict between the peoples of the region with the government of India into a [[Ethnic conflict|conflict between the peoples on ethnic lines]].| Sanayaima, in 2012<ref name="Sify–8Nov">{{cite news|title=India transforming conflict on ethnic lines |url=http://www.samachar.com/India-transforming-conflict-on-ethnic-lines-mloiMEifiei.html |newspaper=[[Imphal Free Press]] |publisher=Sify |date=8 November 2012 |access-date=22 June 2014}}</ref>}}

Drawing inspiration from the "charged political atmosphere" during the "[[Naxalbari uprising]]", he had dropped out of the higher studies at the [[Jadavpur University]] in Kolkata, and "picked up a gun and vanished into the forest" about 4 decades ago; and had remained underground since then.<ref name="T–Nitin"/>

==Controversies==
Civil rights activist Babloo Loitongbom, said that "there was an allegation that certain members of the UNLF had raped 20 women. We formed a multi-ethnic fact finding team to go to the place. Unfortunately, we were not allowed to go inside the camp, we were not given any medical evidence."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://barandbench.com/content/212/%E2%80%9Cif-you-go-hunting-be-ready-meet-tiger%E2%80%9D-%E2%80%93-human-rights-activist-and-scholar-babloo|publisher=BarandBench|title="If you go hunting, be ready to meet the tiger" — Human rights activist and scholar, BablooLoitongbam}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Div col}}
* [[Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act]]
* [[Insurgency in Northeast India]]
* [[List of terrorist organisations in India]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org About UNLF in the Global Security Website]
* [http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/manipur/terrorist_outfits/Unlf.htm Description of the UNLF in The South Asian Terrorist Portal]

{{Terror outfits}}

[[Category:1964 establishments in Assam]]
[[Category:Organisations designated as terrorist by India]]
[[Category:Organizations designated as terrorist in Asia]]
[[Category:Guerrilla organizations]]
[[Category:Insurgency in Northeast India]]
[[Category:Left-wing militant groups in India]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1990]]
[[Category:National liberation movements]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Manipur]]
[[Category:Separatism in India]]
[[Category:Secessionist organizations in Asia]]
[[Category:Volunteer organisations in India]]