Union Carbide - Revision history

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	== See also ==		== See also ==
	~~{{Portal\|Companies\|Texas}}~~
	*[[BASF]]		*[[BASF]]
	*[[National Carbon Company]]		*[[National Carbon Company]]

WikiDwarf: /* 1984 Bhopal Disaster */

2023-06-18T02:59:26Z

1984 Bhopal Disaster

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:29, 18 June 2023
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	* Ethylene derivatives		* Ethylene derivatives
	}}		}}
	\| revenue = {{Decrease}} [[United States dollar\|US$]]4.377 billion <small>(2019)<ref name="UC19">{{Cite web\|url=https://sec.report/Document/0000029915-20-000003/\|title=Union Carbide Co Annual Report 2019\|publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission\|10-K]]\|access-date=24 December 2020}}</ref></small>		\| revenue = {{Decrease}} [[United States dollar\|US$]]4.377 billion <small>(2019)<ref name="UC19">{{Cite web\|url=https://sec.report/Document/0000029915-20-000003/\|title=Union Carbide Co Annual Report 2019\|publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission\|10-K]]\|date=7 February 2020\|access-date=24 December 2020}}</ref></small>
	\| operating_income = {{Decrease}} US$691 million <small>(2019)<ref name="UC19" /></small>		\| operating_income = {{Decrease}} US$691 million <small>(2019)<ref name="UC19" /></small>
	\| net_income = {{Decrease}} US$523 million <small>(2019)<ref name="UC19" /></small>		\| net_income = {{Decrease}} US$523 million <small>(2019)<ref name="UC19" /></small>
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	}}</ref>]]		}}</ref>]]

	'''Union Carbide Corporation''' is an American chemical corporation which is a wholly owned subsidiary (since February 6, 2001) by [[Dow Chemical Company]]. Union Carbide produces chemicals and polymers that undergo one or more further conversions by customers before reaching consumers. Some are high-volume commodities and others are specialty products meeting the needs of smaller markets. Markets served include paints and coatings, packaging, wire and cable, household products, personal care, pharmaceuticals, automotive, textiles, agriculture, and oil and gas. The company is a former component of the [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]].<ref>[https://www.globalfinancialdata.com/articles/dow_jones.html History of DJIA, globalfinancialdata.com] ({{webarchive\|url=https://archive.today/20060304155152/https://www.globalfinancialdata.com/articles/dow_jones.html }}).</ref>		'''Union Carbide Corporation''' is an American chemical corporation which is a wholly owned subsidiary (since February 6, 2001) by [[Dow Chemical Company]]. Union Carbide produces chemicals and polymers that undergo one or more further conversions by customers before reaching consumers. Some are high-volume commodities and others are specialty products meeting the needs of smaller markets. Markets served include paints and coatings, packaging, wire and cable, household products, personal care, pharmaceuticals, automotive, textiles, agriculture, and oil and gas. The company is a former component of the [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]].<ref>[https://www.globalfinancialdata.com/articles/dow_jones.html History of DJIA, globalfinancialdata.com] ({{webarchive\|url=https://archive.today/20060304155152/https://www.globalfinancialdata.com/articles/dow_jones.html \|date=2006-03-04 }}).</ref>

	Founded in 1917 as the '''Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation''', from a merger with [[National Carbon Company]], the company's [[research]]ers developed an economical way to make [[ethylene]] from [[natural gas]] liquids, such as [[ethane]] and [[propane]], giving birth to the modern [[petrochemical industry]]. The company divested consumer products businesses [[Eveready Battery Company\|Eveready]] and [[Energizer Holdings\|Energizer]] batteries, [[Glad (company)\|Glad]] bags and wraps, [[Simoniz]] car wax and Prestone [[antifreeze]]. The company divested other businesses before being acquired by Dow including electronic chemicals, [[polyurethane]] intermediates, industrial gases (Linde) and carbon products.<ref>[http://www.unioncarbide.com/history/index.htm Union Carbide Corporation, History] ({{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080718041136/http://www.unioncarbide.com/history/index.htm }}), accessed July 9, 2008.</ref>		Founded in 1917 as the '''Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation''', from a merger with [[National Carbon Company]], the company's [[research]]ers developed an economical way to make [[ethylene]] from [[natural gas]] liquids, such as [[ethane]] and [[propane]], giving birth to the modern [[petrochemical industry]]. The company divested consumer products businesses [[Eveready Battery Company\|Eveready]] and [[Energizer Holdings\|Energizer]] batteries, [[Glad (company)\|Glad]] bags and wraps, [[Simoniz]] car wax and Prestone [[antifreeze]]. The company divested other businesses before being acquired by Dow including electronic chemicals, [[polyurethane]] intermediates, industrial gases (Linde) and carbon products.<ref>[http://www.unioncarbide.com/history/index.htm Union Carbide Corporation, History] ({{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080718041136/http://www.unioncarbide.com/history/index.htm \|date=2008-07-18 }}), accessed July 9, 2008.</ref>

	==History==		==History==
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	''Ucar batteries'' was Carbide's industrial and consumer [[carbon–zinc battery\|zinc chloride battery]] business. The business, including [[Energizer Holdings\|Energizer]] [[alkaline battery\|alkaline batteries]], was sold to [[Ralston Purina]] in 1986, following a hostile takeover attempt.		''Ucar batteries'' was Carbide's industrial and consumer [[carbon–zinc battery\|zinc chloride battery]] business. The business, including [[Energizer Holdings\|Energizer]] [[alkaline battery\|alkaline batteries]], was sold to [[Ralston Purina]] in 1986, following a hostile takeover attempt.

	After the [[Bhopal disaster]], Union Carbide was the subject of repeated takeover attempts. In order to pay off its debt, Carbide sold many of its most familiar brands such as Glad Trashbags and Eveready Batteries. Dow Chemical announced the purchase of Carbide in 1999 for $8.89 billion in stock.<ref>{{cite journal\|last=Warren\|first=Susan\|title=Dow Chemical to Acquire Union Carbide --- Deal, Valued at $8.89 Billion, Would Position Firm to Challenge DuPont\|journal=The Wall Street Journal\|page=A3}}</ref> The deal was consummated in 2001 and valued at $11.6 billion.		After the [[Bhopal disaster]], Union Carbide was the subject of repeated takeover attempts. In order to pay off its debt, Carbide sold many of its most familiar brands such as Glad Trashbags and Eveready Batteries. Dow Chemical announced the purchase of Carbide in 1999 for $8.89 billion in stock.<ref>{{cite journal\|last=Warren\|first=Susan\|title=Dow Chemical to Acquire Union Carbide --- Deal, Valued at $8.89 Billion, Would Position Firm to Challenge DuPont\|journal=The Wall Street Journal\|date=5 Aug 1999\|page=A3}}</ref> The deal was consummated in 2001 and valued at $11.6 billion.

	==Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster==		==Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster==
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	==Asbestos mining and 'Calidria' brand fibers==		==Asbestos mining and 'Calidria' brand fibers==
	In the early 1960s, Union Carbide Corporation began mining a newly identified outcrop of chrysotile [[asbestos]] fibers near King City and [[New Idria, California]]. These fibers were sold under the brand name "Calidria", a combination of "Cal" and "Idria", and sold in large quantities for a wide variety of purposes, including addition into joint compound or drywall accessory products.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/2004/sep/26/business/fi-carbide26 LA Times, "Case Hinges on Material Witness", Lisa Gurion, September 26, 2004]</ref> Union Carbide sold the mine to its employees under the name KCAC ("King City Asbestos Mine") in the 1980s, but it only operated for a few more years.{{Citation needed}}		In the early 1960s, Union Carbide Corporation began mining a newly identified outcrop of chrysotile [[asbestos]] fibers near King City and [[New Idria, California]]. These fibers were sold under the brand name "Calidria", a combination of "Cal" and "Idria", and sold in large quantities for a wide variety of purposes, including addition into joint compound or drywall accessory products.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/2004/sep/26/business/fi-carbide26 LA Times, "Case Hinges on Material Witness", Lisa Gurion, September 26, 2004]</ref> Union Carbide sold the mine to its employees under the name KCAC ("King City Asbestos Mine") in the 1980s, but it only operated for a few more years.{{Citation needed\|date=March 2012}}

	==1984 Bhopal Disaster==		==1984 Bhopal Disaster==
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	==Demolition of former New York headquarters building==		==Demolition of former New York headquarters building==

	The former Union Carbide headquarters building, at [[270 Park Avenue (1960–2021)\|270 Park Avenue]] in New York City, was a 52-story modernist office building designed by architectural firm [[Skidmore, Owings & Merrill]] and completed in 1961. The company relocated its headquarters to [[Danbury, Connecticut]] in 1982, to a newly-built complex known as the [[The Summit at Danbury\|Union Carbide Corporate Center]]. 270 Park Avenue later became the headquarters of [[JPMorgan Chase]]. In February 2018 it was announced that the building would be demolished and replaced with a new {{Convert\|1200\|ft\|m\|adj=mid\|-tall}} tower serving as the consolidated headquarters for JPMorgan Chase. At {{Convert\|700\|ft\|m\|abbr=}} tall, the Union Carbide Building would be the [[List of tallest voluntarily demolished buildings\|tallest building in the world ever voluntarily demolished]], as well as the third-tallest ever to be destroyed, after the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)\|World Trade Center Twin Towers]].<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/21/nyregion/jpmorgan-chase-headquarters.html\|title=Out With the Old Building, in With the New for JPMorgan Chase\|last=Bagli\|first=Charles V.\|work=The New York Times\|access-date=February 22, 2018\|language=en-US\|issn=0362-4331 \|at=Section A, Page 20}}</ref>		The former Union Carbide headquarters building, at [[270 Park Avenue (1960–2021)\|270 Park Avenue]] in New York City, was a 52-story modernist office building designed by architectural firm [[Skidmore, Owings & Merrill]] and completed in 1961. The company relocated its headquarters to [[Danbury, Connecticut]] in 1982, to a newly-built complex known as the [[The Summit at Danbury\|Union Carbide Corporate Center]]. 270 Park Avenue later became the headquarters of [[JPMorgan Chase]]. In February 2018 it was announced that the building would be demolished and replaced with a new {{Convert\|1200\|ft\|m\|adj=mid\|-tall}} tower serving as the consolidated headquarters for JPMorgan Chase. At {{Convert\|700\|ft\|m\|abbr=}} tall, the Union Carbide Building would be the [[List of tallest voluntarily demolished buildings\|tallest building in the world ever voluntarily demolished]], as well as the third-tallest ever to be destroyed, after the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)\|World Trade Center Twin Towers]].<ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/21/nyregion/jpmorgan-chase-headquarters.html\|title=Out With the Old Building, in With the New for JPMorgan Chase\|last=Bagli\|first=Charles V.\|date=February 21, 2018\|work=The New York Times\|access-date=February 22, 2018\|language=en-US\|issn=0362-4331 \|at=Section A, Page 20}}</ref>

	== See also ==		== See also ==

Advaiya: Contributed a new entry to the platform.

2022-12-07T05:49:39Z

Contributed a new entry to the platform.

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{{Short description|American chemical company}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Union Carbide Corporation
| logo = Union Carbide.svg
| logo_size =
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| foundation = {{start date and age|1917}}
| industry = [[Chemical industry]]
| location = [[Seadrift, Texas]], US<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unioncarbide.com/locations.html|title=Locations – Union Carbide Company}}</ref>
| key_people = Richard Wells (CEO & President)
| products ={{Plain list|
* Bulk chemicals
* Ethylene
* Ethylene derivatives
}}
| revenue = {{Decrease}} [[United States dollar|US$]]4.377 billion (2019)<ref name="UC19">{{Cite web|url=https://sec.report/Document/0000029915-20-000003/|title=Union Carbide Co Annual Report 2019|publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission|10-K]]|access-date=24 December 2020}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{Decrease}} US$691 million (2019)<ref name="UC19" />
| net_income = {{Decrease}} US$523 million (2019)<ref name="UC19" />
| assets = {{Decrease}} US$5.278 billion (2019)<ref name="UC19" />
| equity = {{Decrease}} US$0.925 billion (2019)<ref name="UC19" />
| owner = [[Dow Inc.]]
| parent = [[Dow Chemical Company]]
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.unioncarbide.com/}}
}}
[[File:Gas Lighting.jpg|right|thumb|1922 advertisement for Union Carbide gas lighting. Electric lighting was not yet common in many rural areas of the United States.<ref name="RE">{{cite web
|url = http://naldc.nal.usda.gov/catalog/IND43893747
|title = Rural Electrification
|author = Robert T. Beall
|year = 1940
|work = United States Yearbook of Agriculture
|publisher = United States Department of Agriculture
|pages = 790–809
|format = PDF
|access-date = 2012-01-08
|quote = Of the more than 6.3 million farms in the country in January 1925, only 204,780, or 3.2 percent, were receiving central-station electrical service.
}}</ref>]]

'''Union Carbide Corporation''' is an American chemical corporation which is a wholly owned subsidiary (since February 6, 2001) by [[Dow Chemical Company]]. Union Carbide produces chemicals and polymers that undergo one or more further conversions by customers before reaching consumers. Some are high-volume commodities and others are specialty products meeting the needs of smaller markets. Markets served include paints and coatings, packaging, wire and cable, household products, personal care, pharmaceuticals, automotive, textiles, agriculture, and oil and gas. The company is a former component of the [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]].<ref>[https://www.globalfinancialdata.com/articles/dow_jones.html History of DJIA, globalfinancialdata.com] ({{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20060304155152/https://www.globalfinancialdata.com/articles/dow_jones.html }}).</ref>

Founded in 1917 as the '''Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation''', from a merger with [[National Carbon Company]], the company's [[research]]ers developed an economical way to make [[ethylene]] from [[natural gas]] liquids, such as [[ethane]] and [[propane]], giving birth to the modern [[petrochemical industry]]. The company divested consumer products businesses [[Eveready Battery Company|Eveready]] and [[Energizer Holdings|Energizer]] batteries, [[Glad (company)|Glad]] bags and wraps, [[Simoniz]] car wax and Prestone [[antifreeze]]. The company divested other businesses before being acquired by Dow including electronic chemicals, [[polyurethane]] intermediates, industrial gases (Linde) and carbon products.<ref>[http://www.unioncarbide.com/history/index.htm Union Carbide Corporation, History] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080718041136/http://www.unioncarbide.com/history/index.htm }}), accessed July 9, 2008.</ref>

==History==
The ''Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation'' was formed on November 1, 1917, from the merger of the Union Carbide Company founded in 1898, the [[National Carbon Company]] founded in 1886, [[Linde Air Products Factory|Linde Air Products Company]], a maker of liquid oxygen at [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] confiscated from [[Linde plc|''Gesellschaft für Linde's Eismaschinen AG'']] under the [[Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917]], and the Prest-O-Lite company, manufacturer of [[calcium carbide]] in [[Indianapolis]].<ref name="presto">{{cite news |title=The Prest-O-lite Story: Union Carbide Corporation, Linde Division |url=https://www.firstsuperspeedway.com/sites/default/files/Prest-O-Lite.pdf |access-date=3 April 2021}}</ref> In 1920, the company set up a chemicals division which manufactured [[ethylene glycol]] for use as automotive [[antifreeze]]. The company continued to acquire related chemical producers, including the [[Bakelite|Bakelite Corporation]] in 1939. The company changed its name to "Union Carbide Corporation" in 1957 and was often referred to as Carbide. It operated [[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]] from 1947 to 1984.<ref>{{cite web
|title = Swords to Plowshares: A Short History of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (1943–1993)
|publisher = Oak Ridge National Laboratory
|date = April 8, 2006
|url = http://www.ornl.gov/info/swords/swords.shtml
|access-date = November 11, 2012
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121201205140/http://www.ornl.gov/info/swords/swords.shtml
|archive-date = December 1, 2012
|df = mdy-all
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entries/oak-ridge/|title = Oak Ridge}}</ref>

During the [[Cold war era]], the company was active in the field of [[rocket propulsion]] [[research & development]] for [[aerospace]] and [[guided missile]] applications, particularly in the field of chemicals and plastics, [[solid rocket motor]]s, and [[Storable liquid-fuel rocket|storable liquid fuels]]. R&D was conducted at the Technical Center in [[South Charleston, West Virginia]].<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/missilesrockets1011unse#page/n273/mode/2up Union Carbide Expands Rocket Propulsion Activities]. // ''Missiles and Rockets'', June 4, 1962, v. 10, no. 23, p. 39.</ref> The Aerospace Materials Department was part of the company's Carbon Products Division.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/missilesrockets1617unse#page/n85/mode/2up New Activities]. // ''Missiles and Rockets'', May 10, 1965, v. 16, no. 19, p. 41.</ref>

''Ucar batteries'' was Carbide's industrial and consumer [[carbon–zinc battery|zinc chloride battery]] business. The business, including [[Energizer Holdings|Energizer]] [[alkaline battery|alkaline batteries]], was sold to [[Ralston Purina]] in 1986, following a hostile takeover attempt.

After the [[Bhopal disaster]], Union Carbide was the subject of repeated takeover attempts. In order to pay off its debt, Carbide sold many of its most familiar brands such as Glad Trashbags and Eveready Batteries. Dow Chemical announced the purchase of Carbide in 1999 for $8.89 billion in stock.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Warren|first=Susan|title=Dow Chemical to Acquire Union Carbide --- Deal, Valued at $8.89 Billion, Would Position Firm to Challenge DuPont|journal=The Wall Street Journal|page=A3}}</ref> The deal was consummated in 2001 and valued at $11.6 billion.

==Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster==
{{Main|Hawks Nest Tunnel Disaster}}
The Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster took place between 1927 and 1932 in a West Virginia tunnel project led by Union Carbide. During the construction of the tunnel, workers found the mineral [[silica]] and were asked to mine it for use in electroprocessing steel. The workers were not given masks or breathing equipment to use while mining. Due to silica dust exposure, many workers developed [[silicosis]], a debilitating lung disease. According to a marker on site, there were 109 admitted deaths. A [[congressional hearing]] placed the death toll at 476.<ref name="Historical Marker">{{cite web|url=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Hawks_Nest_Tunnel_Disaster.jpg|title=Hawk's Nest Tunnel Disaster|publisher=West Virginia Department of Culture and History|access-date=2008-11-25}}</ref>

==Asbestos mining and 'Calidria' brand fibers==
In the early 1960s, Union Carbide Corporation began mining a newly identified outcrop of chrysotile [[asbestos]] fibers near King City and [[New Idria, California]]. These fibers were sold under the brand name "Calidria", a combination of "Cal" and "Idria", and sold in large quantities for a wide variety of purposes, including addition into joint compound or drywall accessory products.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/2004/sep/26/business/fi-carbide26 LA Times, "Case Hinges on Material Witness", Lisa Gurion, September 26, 2004]</ref> Union Carbide sold the mine to its employees under the name KCAC ("King City Asbestos Mine") in the 1980s, but it only operated for a few more years.{{Citation needed}}

==1984 Bhopal Disaster==
{{Main|Bhopal disaster}}
[[File: Dow Chemical banner, Bhopal, India.jpg|thumb|Protest in Bhopal, India, 2010]]
[[Union Carbide India Limited]], owned by Union Carbide (50.9%) and Indian investors (49.1%), operated a pesticide plant in the Indian city of [[Bhopal]].<ref name="IB_2014">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KcSaBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA141|title=International Business|publisher=Pearson Australia|year=2014|isbn=978-1-4860-1138-4|page=141|authors=S. Tamer Cavusgil, Gary Knight, John R. Riesenberger, Hussain G. Rammal, Elizabeth L. Rose}}</ref> Around midnight on 3 December 1984, [[methyl isocyanate]] (MIC) gas was accidentally released from the plant, exposing more than 500,000 people to MIC and other chemicals. The main reason was the poorly managed safety measures, which were either malfunctioning or not working, and weren't repaired in order to cut costs. The government of Madhya Pradesh confirmed a total of 16,000 deaths related to the gas release. It left an estimated 40,000 individuals permanently disabled, maimed, or suffering from serious illness, making it the [[List of accidents and disasters by death toll#Industrial|world's worst industrial disaster]].
In 1982, Carbide's auditors warned of a possible 'runaway reaction'. Carbide insisted the accident was an act of sabotage by a rogue worker. Union Carbide was sued by the [[Government of India]] and agreed to an [[out-of-court settlement]] of US$470 million in 1989. The plant site has not yet been cleaned up.

[[Warren Anderson (American businessman)|Warren Anderson]], CEO at the time of the disaster, refused to answer to homicide charges and remained a fugitive from India's courts. The U.S. denied several extradition requests. Anderson died on 29 September 2014 in Florida. Seven UCC employees were convicted of criminal negligence in 2010 and fined $2,000 each.

==1985 West Virginia gas leak==
The year after the Bhopal disaster, a faulty valve at the UC plant in [[Institute, West Virginia]] caused a large cloud of gas that injured six employees and caused almost 200 nearby residents to seek medical treatment for respiratory and skin irritation. Union Carbide blamed the leak of aldicarb oxime (made from MIC but does not contain any MIC itself), the main ingredient in the popular farm pesticide [[Temik]], on a valve failure after a buildup of pressure in a storage tank containing 500 pounds of the chemical. A company spokesman insisted that the aldicarb oxime leak “never was a threat to the community.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-08-12-mn-3942-story.html#:~:text=Union%20Carbide%20blamed%20the%20leak,500%20pounds%20of%20the%20chemical.|title = Scores Hurt by Leaking Chemicals : Faulty Valve Cited at Union Carbide's West Virginia Plant| website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date = 12 August 1985}}</ref>

==Union Carbide in Australia==
Union Carbide's operations in Australia commenced in 1957, when it purchased the plant of the Australian-owned company Timbrol Ltd. The Timbrol factory was on the shore of [[Homebush Bay]] in the [[Sydney]] suburb of [[Rhodes, New South Wales|Rhodes]]. Homebush Bay is on the [[Parramatta River]] which flows into [[Sydney Harbour]]. Tibrol produced [[phenol]], the insecticides [[chlorobenzene]]/[[chlorophenol]]/[[Ddt|DDT]], and the herbicides [[2,4-D]] and [[2,4,5-T]]. Union Carbide continued the production of the 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T until 1976 and chlorobenzene/chlorophenol/DDT until 1983. Union Carbide also commenced the production of [[bisphenol A]] in 1960 and [[phenol formaldehyde]] resins in 1964.<ref name="RRRP6">{{cite web|title=Redevelopment and Remediation of the Rhodes Peninsula|url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/committee.nsf/0/e74c6e72c3afda00ca256cf4000a804c/$FILE/RRRP6.pdf|publisher=NSW Leglisative Council|access-date=26 June 2014}}</ref>{{rp|9}}

Union Carbide reclaimed land on neighboring properties by depositing spent lime and ash into the adjacent marshes in [[Homebush Bay]]. This practice, which had been approved by the Maritime Services Board, ceased in 1970.

Union Carbide ceased operations in Australia in 1985.<ref>{{cite web|title=Union Carbide Australia Ltd. (1950–1985)|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1475987|publisher=National Library of Australia|access-date=21 June 2014}}</ref> In 1987, the New South Wales Pollution Control Commission ordered Union Carbide to remediate the site. This work, which cost Union Carbide $30 million, was conducted between 1988 and 1993. The work involved excavation and encapsulation of the contaminated soil.<ref>{{cite web|title=Environmental Impact Statement - Remediation of the Lednez site, Rhodes and Homebush Bay|url=http://www.rhodesremediation.com.au/files/downloads/Lednez/MAINEISREPORT.pdf|publisher=Parsons Brinckerhoff|access-date=27 June 2014}}</ref>

In 2004, the New South Wales Minister for Planning granted consent for additional remediation of the former Union Carbide site to proceed, including parts of Homebush Bay.<ref>{{cite web|title=Assessment Report|url=http://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/asp/pdf/da_437_12_2002_i_mod4_alliedfeeds_dg_asstreport.pdf|publisher=NSW Government - Department of Planning|access-date=29 June 2014}}</ref> Approximately 900,000 tons of soil were excavated from the site, 190,000 tons of soil from the adjacent Allied Feeds site, and approximately 50,000 tons of sediment from the bay. Remediation of the Allied Feeds Site was completed in August 2009, Homebush Bay sediments in August 2010, and the Union Carbide site in March 2011. The cost of the remediation work was $35M for the Allied Feeds site, and $100 million for Union Carbide site and Homebush Bay sediments.<ref>{{cite web|title=Former Lednez/Union Carbide Site & Homebush Bay Remediation|url=http://www.rhodesremediation.com.au/index.php?q=overview|publisher=Thiess Services|access-date=29 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Former Allied Feeds Site Remediation|url=http://www.rhodesremediation.com.au/index.php?q=overview/allied_feeds|publisher=Theiss Services|access-date=13 July 2014}}</ref>

==Demolition of former New York headquarters building==

The former Union Carbide headquarters building, at [[270 Park Avenue (1960–2021)|270 Park Avenue]] in New York City, was a 52-story modernist office building designed by architectural firm [[Skidmore, Owings & Merrill]] and completed in 1961. The company relocated its headquarters to [[Danbury, Connecticut]] in 1982, to a newly-built complex known as the [[The Summit at Danbury|Union Carbide Corporate Center]]. 270 Park Avenue later became the headquarters of [[JPMorgan Chase]]. In February 2018 it was announced that the building would be demolished and replaced with a new {{Convert|1200|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} tower serving as the consolidated headquarters for JPMorgan Chase. At {{Convert|700|ft|m|abbr=}} tall, the Union Carbide Building would be the [[List of tallest voluntarily demolished buildings|tallest building in the world ever voluntarily demolished]], as well as the third-tallest ever to be destroyed, after the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center Twin Towers]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/21/nyregion/jpmorgan-chase-headquarters.html|title=Out With the Old Building, in With the New for JPMorgan Chase|last=Bagli|first=Charles V.|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 22, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331 |at=Section A, Page 20}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Companies|Texas}}
*[[BASF]]
*[[National Carbon Company]]
*[[Carbide & Carbon Building]]
*[[Union Carbide Corporate Center]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.unioncarbide.com/}}
* [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=bmczbfVhfX0 Television Commercial]
* [https://bhopalgasdisaster.files.wordpress.com/2014/12/csir-report-on-scientific-studies-december-1985.pdf CSIR Bhopal Disaster Report (1985)]

{{Dow Chemical}}

[[Category:1898 establishments in Texas]]
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[[Category:American companies established in 1898]]
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