https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Umm_al-FarajUmm al-Faraj - Revision history2026-11-02T19:06:24ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Umm_al-Faraj&diff=478427&oldid=prevSAWANTRAJ: page...2026-02-28T14:24:18Z<p>page...</p>
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{{Infobox settlement<br />
| name = Umm al-Faraj<br />
| native_name = أُم الفرج<br />
| native_name_lang = ar<br />
| other_name = Um el-Faraj, La Fierge<br />
| settlement_type = Former village<br />
<!-- images, nickname, motto --><br />
| imagesize = 200<br />
| image_caption = Remains at Umm al-Faraj, 2015 <br />
| etymology = The ruin with the gap, or chink<ref>Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/50/mode/1up 50]</ref><br />
<!-- maps and coordinates --><br />
| pushpin_map = Mandatory Palestine | pushpin_map_caption = Location within [[Mandatory Palestine]] | image_map = {{Historical map series|default=2|date1=1870s|date2=1940s|date3=modern|date4=1940s with modern overlay|width=225}} | map_caption = A series of historical maps of the area around Umm al-Faraj (click the buttons)<br />
| pushpin_mapsize = 200<br />
| coordinates = {{coord|33|00|18|N|35|07|16|E|type:city_region:PS|display=inline,title}}<br />
| grid_name = [[Palestine grid|Palestine&nbsp;grid]]<br />
| grid_position = 162/267<br />
<!-- location --><br />
| subdivision_type = [[Geopolitical entity]]<br />
| subdivision_name = [[Mandatory Palestine]]<br />
| subdivision_type1 = [[Districts of Mandatory Palestine|Subdistrict]]<br />
| subdivision_name1 = [[Acre Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine|Acre]]<br />
<!-- established --><br />
| established_title1 = Date of depopulation<br />
| established_date1 = 21 May 1948<ref>Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PR17 xvii], village #83. Morris also gives cause of depopulation.</ref><br />
| established_title2 = Repopulated dates<br />
<!-- area --><br />
| area_footnotes = <ref name=Hadawi41/><br />
| unit_pref = dunam<br />
| area_total_dunam = 825<br />
<!-- population --><br />
| population_as_of = 1945<br />
| population_total = 800<ref name=1945p5>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p05.jpg 5]</ref><ref name=Hadawi41>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Acre/Page-041.jpg 41]</ref><br />
<!-- blank fields (section 1) --><br />
| blank_name_sec1 = Cause(s) of depopulation<br />
| blank_info_sec1 = Military assault by [[Yishuv]] forces<br />
| blank3_name_sec1 = Current Localities<br />
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Ben Ami]]<ref name=Khalidi35>Khalidi, 1992, p. 35</ref><br />
}}<br />
'''Umm al-Faraj''' ({{langx|ar|أم الفرج}}, known to the [[Crusades|Crusaders]] as '''La Fierge'''), was a [[Palestinians|Palestinian]] village, depopulated in 1948.<br />
<br />
==Location==<br />
The village was situated on a flat spot in the Acre plain, {{convert|10.5|km|mi|sp=us}} northeast of [[Acre, Israel|Acre]].<ref name=Khalidi34>Khalidi, 1992, p. 34</ref><br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Archaeological remains from the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] and [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] eras have been found here.<ref name=Getzov2016>Getzov, Stern and Shapiro, 2016, [http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=25068&mag_id=124 Umm al-Faraj (Moshav Ben Ami)]</ref><br />
<br />
Sugar Moulds found here indicate that sugar productions started in the 11th century, under the [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimid]] era.<ref name=Getzov2016/><br />
<br />
===Crusader/Mamluk era===<br />
The village was known to the [[Crusaders]] as ''Le Fierge'', and belonged to the fief of ''[[az-Zeeb|Casal Imbert]]''.<ref name=Khalidi34/> In 1253 [[Henry I of Cyprus|King Henry]] granted the whole estate of Casal Imbert, including ''Le Fierge'', to [[John II of Beirut|John of Ibelin]].<ref name=year1253>Strehlke, 1869, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/tabulaeordinist00stregoog#page/n100/mode/1up 84]-85, No. 105; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. [https://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n324/mode/1up 318], No. 1208; cited in Frankel, 1988, p. 264</ref><ref>Ellenblum, 2003, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=riHMZiH_Te4C&pg=PA68 68]</ref> Shortly after, in 1256, John of Ibelin leased Az-Zeeb and all its depending villages (including ''Le Fierge'') to the [[Teutonic Order]] for 10 years.<ref name=year1256>Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. [https://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n334/mode/1up 328], No. 1250; cited in Frankel, 1988, p. 264</ref> In 1261, Az-Zeeb, together with ''Le Fierge'' and [[Al-Kabri|Le Quiebre]], were sold to the Teutonic Order, in return for an annual sum for as long as [[Acre, Israel|Acre]] was in Christian hands.<ref name=year1261>Strehlke, 1869, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/tabulaeordinist00stregoog#page/n122/mode/1up 106]-7, No. 119; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n347/mode/1up 341]-2, No. 1307</ref> In 1283 it was still a part of the Crusader states, as it was mentioned as part of their domain in the [[hudna]] between the Crusaders based in [[Acre, Israel|Acre]] and the [[Mamluk]] sultan [[Qalawun]].<ref>The [[Ahmad al-Qalqashandi|al-Qalqashandi]] version of the ''hudna'', referred in Barag, 1979, p. 204, #24</ref><ref>Khamisy, 2014, p. 93, #31</ref><br />
<br />
According to [[al-Maqrizi]], it had come under [[Mamluk]] rule in 1291, when it was mentioned under the name of ''Farah'' when sultan [[al-Ashraf Khalil]] allocated the village's income to a [[Waqf]] in [[Cairo]].<ref>al-Maqrizi, 1845, vol 2, p. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_M7oWAAAAQAAJ#page/n137/mode/1up 131]</ref><ref>Barag, 1979, p. 203</ref><br />
<br />
Sugar production continued here during the Crusader and Mamluk eras.<ref name=Getzov2016/><br />
<br />
===Ottoman era===<br />
Incorporated into the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1517 with all of [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], it appeared in the 1596 [[daftar|tax registers]] as ''Farja'', being in the Akka Nahiya (Subdistrict of [[Acre, Israel|Acre]]), part of the [[Safad Sanjak]] (District of Safed), with a population of 24 households and 13 bachelors, all [[Muslim]]. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 20% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, cotton, goats and beehives, in addition to "occasional revenues" and a water mill; a total of 1,576 [[akçe]]. Half of the revenues were given to a [[waqf]].<ref>Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 193, has ''not'' identified it</ref><ref>Rhode, 1979, p. 77</ref><ref>Note that Rhode, 1979, p. [https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century 6] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420031504/https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century |date=2019-04-20 }} writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9.</ref> Sugar production continued here to the beginning of the seventeenth century CE.<ref name=Getzov2016/><br />
<br />
In 1799, the village was called ''El Fargi'' on the map of [[Pierre Jacotin]].<ref>Karmon, 1960, p. [http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf 160] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201182028/http://jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf |date=2017-12-01 }}</ref> An inscription in [[marble]], built into the wall above the gate of the village [[mosque]], dates this building to 1254 H, (1838-39 C.E.).<ref>Sharon, 1999, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=EPFDU8POrXIC&pg=PA170 170] -171</ref><br />
<br />
In May 1875, the French explorer [[Victor Guérin]] visited the village. He described it as being surrounded by "delightful" gardens, irrigated with water from [[Nahr al-Mafshukh]]. Many houses were built with great care, and some had old pieces of stone built into them. He further noted that "the location of an old demolished church is still to a certain extent recognisable", and that all the 200 villagers were Muslim.<ref>Guérin, 1880, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr00gugoog#page/n60/mode/2up 45] -46</ref> In 1881, the [[Palestine Exploration Fund|PEF]]'s ''[[PEF Survey of Palestine|Survey of Western Palestine]]'' described it as being built of stone and with a population of 200. The villagers planted [[ficus|fig]], [[olive]], [[mulberry]] and [[pomegranate]] trees.<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/147/mode/1up p.147]. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p.34</ref><br />
<br />
A population list from about 1887 showed ''Um el Ferj'' to have about 690 inhabitants, all Muslims.<ref>Schumacher, 1888, p. [https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme19pale#page/n215/mode/1up 190]</ref><br />
<br />
===British Mandate era===<br />
In the [[1922 census of Palestine]] conducted by the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate authorities]] ''Umm al Faraj'' had a population of 322, all Muslims,<ref name="Census1922">Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n38/mode/1up 36]</ref> increasing in the [[1931 census of Palestine|1931 census]] to 415, 2 Christians and 413 Muslims, in a total of 94 houses.<ref name="Census1931">Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 105]</ref><br />
The older houses in the village were built close together and formed a circle, while the homes build after 1936 were scattered among the orchards.<ref name=Khalidi34/> The population of Umm al-Faraj lived by agriculture.<ref name=Khalidi34/><br />
<br />
In the [[Village Statistics, 1945|1945 statistics]], the population of Umm al-Faraj was 800, all Muslims,<ref name=1945p5/> with a total land area of 825 dunams.<ref name=Hadawi41/> In 1944/45 a total of {{convert|745|dunam|lk=in}} was used for [[citrus]] and [[banana]]s, {{convert|18|dunam}} were used for [[cereal]]s, {{convert|42|dunam}} were irrigated or used for orchards,<ref name=Khalidi34/><ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Acre/Page-081.jpg 81]</ref> while 15 dunams were built-up (urban) areas.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Acre/Page-131.jpg 131]</ref><br />
<br />
===1948 War and aftermath===<br />
{{see also|al-Kabri massacre}}<br />
During the [[1948 Arab-Israeli War]], Umm al-Faraj was assaulted by [[Israel]]'s [[Carmeli Brigade]] in the second stage of [[Operation Ben'Ami]]. The operational order, issued 19 May 1948, was to "attack with the aim of conquest, the killing of adult males, destruction and torching."<ref>Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA253 253], note 727</ref> The assault came on the 20–21 May 1948, when Carmeli forces attacked Umm al-Faraj together with [[Al-Kabri|Kabri]], [[Al-Tall, Acre|al Tell]] and [[Al-Nahr|Nahar]], and then "demolished them," according to Morris.<ref>Morris, 2004, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA253 253]-254, note 729</ref><br />
<br />
Following the war the area was incorporated into the [[Israel|State of Israel]]. The [[moshav]] of [[Ben Ami]] was established in 1949, in part on village land.<ref name=Khalidi35/><br />
<br />
The Palestinian historian [[Walid Khalidi]] described the village remains in 1992: "Only the stone mosque remains. It is shut and stands in a state of decay amid tall wild grass. Many trees that might predate the village's destruction can be seen. The nearby lands are cultivated; a banana grove belongs to the Ben Ammi settlement."<ref name=Khalidi35/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Depopulated Palestinian locations in Israel]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|25em}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
*{{cite book |author=Al-Maqrizi |author-link=Al-Maqrizi |title=Histoire des sultans mamlouks, de l'Égypte, écrite en arabe |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_M7oWAAAAQAAJ |volume=2 |others=Translator: [[Étienne Marc Quatremère]] |year=1845 |publisher=Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland |location=Paris |language=fr, la }} <br />
*{{cite journal | author = Barag, Dan | title = A new source concerning the ultimate borders of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem| journal = [[Israel Exploration Journal]] | volume = 29 | issue = 3/4| year = 1979 | pages = 197–217| jstor = 27925726}} <br />
*{{cite book | editor =Barron, J.B. | title =Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 | url =https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 | publisher =Government of Palestine | year =1923 }}<br />
*{{cite book<br />
|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder<br />
|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener<br />
|year=1881<br />
|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp01conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]<br />
|volume=1}}<br />
*{{cite book <br />
| last = Dauphin | first = C. | author-link = Claudine Dauphin<br />
| title = La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations<br />
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FC1mAAAAMAAJ <br />
| volume = III : Catalogue | series = BAR International Series 726 | year = 1998 | publisher = Archeopress | location = Oxford | language = fr | isbn = 978-0-860549-05-5 }}(p.&nbsp;636)<br />
*{{cite book|first=R.|last=Ellenblum|author-link=Ronnie Ellenblum|title=Frankish Rural Settlement in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=riHMZiH_Te4C|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2003|isbn=9780521521871}} <br />
*{{cite book|last=Fisk|first=R.|author-link=Robert Fisk|title=Pity the nation: Lebanon at war|url=http://www.archipelago.org/vol6-3/fisk.htm|year=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0192801302}} (For future expansion: Chapter 2: Mrs Zamzam in the [[Rashidieh]] [[refugee camp]] in southern [[Lebanon]] recalls Umm al-Faraj)<br />
*{{cite journal | first1=Rafael | last1=Frankel | title=Topographical notes on the territory of Acre in the Crusader period| journal= Israel Exploration Journal| volume=38 | number= 4 | year=1988 | pages= 249–272| jstor=27926125 }} <br />
*{{cite journal |last1=Getzov |first1=Nimrod |last2=Stern |first2=Edna J. |last3=Shapiro |first3=Anastasia |date=2016-10-02 |url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=25068&mag_id=124 |title=Umm al-Faraj (Moshav Ben Ami) |journal=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |number=128 }}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945|url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics|year=1945}} <br />
*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr00gugoog|volume=3: Galilee, pt. 2|year=1880|publisher=L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}} <br />
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Centre}}<br />
*{{cite book<br />
|last1=Hütteroth |first1=W.-D.|author-link1=Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth<br />
|last2=Abdulfattah|first2=K. |author-link2=Kamal Abdulfattah <br />
|title=Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ |year=1977 <br />
|publisher=Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft <br />
|isbn=978-3-920405-41-4 }}<br />
*{{cite journal <br />
| author = Karmon, Y. <br />
| title = An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine | url = http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf | journal = Israel Exploration Journal | volume = 10 | issue = 3,4 | year = 1960 | pages = 155–173; 244–253 | access-date = 2015-03-23 | archive-date = 2017-12-01 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171201182028/http://jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf | url-status = dead }} <br />
*{{cite book|title=All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_By7AAAAIAAJ|first=W.|last=Khalidi|author-link=Walid Khalidi|year=1992|location=[[Washington D.C.]]|publisher=[[Institute for Palestine Studies]]|isbn=978-0-88728-224-9}} <br />
*{{cite journal | author = Khamisy, Rabei G. | title = The Treaty of 1283 between Sultan Qalāwūn and the Frankish Authorities of Acre: A New Topographical Discussion | journal = [[Israel Exploration Journal]] | volume = 64,1| year = 2014 | pages = 72–102}}<br />
*{{cite book | editor = Mills, E. | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas | url = https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932 }}<br />
*{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C |first=B. |last=Morris |author-link=Benny Morris |year=2004 |title=The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited |isbn=978-0-521-00967-6 |publisher=Cambridge University Press }}<br />
*{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]}} <br />
*{{cite thesis |type=PhD |last=Rhode |first=H. |author-link=Harold Rhode |date=1979 |url=https://www.academia.edu/2026845 |title=Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century |publisher=[[Columbia University]] |access-date=2017-12-13 |archive-date=2020-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301141739/https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century |url-status=dead }}<br />
*{{cite book|last=Röhricht|first=R.|author-link=Reinhold Röhricht|title=(RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI)|url=https://archive.org/details/regestaregnihie00rhgoog|year=1893|publisher=Libraria Academica Wageriana|location=Berlin|language=la}} <br />
*{{cite journal <br />
| last = Schumacher | first = G. | author-link = Gottlieb Schumacher <br />
| title = Population list of the Liwa of Akka <br />
| journal = Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund <br />
| volume = 20 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme19pale/page/169 169]–191 | url = https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme19pale | year = 1888 }} <br />
*{{cite book<br />
|title=Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae, B-C |volume=2 <br />
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EPFDU8POrXIC <br />
|first=M. |last=Sharon |author-link=Moshe Sharon <br />
|year=1999 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-11083-0 }}<br />
*{{cite book<br />
|editor-last=Strehlke | editor-first = E.| editor-link = Ernst Strehlke<br />
|title=Tabulae Ordinis Theutonici ex tabularii regii Berolinensis codice potissimum<br />
|url=https://archive.org/details/tabulaeordinist00stregoog|year=1869|publisher=Weidmanns|location=Berlin}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.palestineremembered.com/Acre/Umm-al-Faraj/ Welcome to Umm-al-Faraj]<br />
*[http://www.zochrot.org/en/village/48995 Umm al-Faraj], [[Zochrot]]<br />
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 3: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8366 IAA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314231555/http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8366 |date=2016-03-14 }}, [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.03.jpg Wikimedia commons] <br />
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20120224021646/http://www.jalili48.com/pub/xENShowGallery.aspx?Sub=What_Remained_of_the_destroyed&Sub2=Um_Al-Faraj Um Al-Faraj photos]}}, from Dr. Moslih Kanaaneh<br />
*[http://www.alnakba.org/villages/acre/alfaraj.htm Umm Al-Faraj], at [[Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center]]<br />
<br />
{{Palestinian Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestine War}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Umm Al-Faraj}}<br />
[[Category:District of Acre]]<br />
[[Category:Arab villages depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War]]<br />
[[Category:Teutonic Order]]</div>SAWANTRAJ