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{{Short description|Daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad}}
{{Infobox person
| name = {{nowrap|Umm Kulthūm bint Muḥammad}}
| native_name = {{lang|ar|أم كلثوم بنت محمد}}
| birth_date = 603 CE
| birth_place = [[Mecca]], Arabia
| death_date = November, 630 {{small|(aged 27)}}
| death_place = [[Medina]], Arabia
| resting_place = {{longitem|[[Al-Baqi Cemetery|Jannat al-Baqi']], Medina {{small|(present-day [[Saudi Arabia]])}}}}
| spouse = [[Uthman]]
|children =[[samamah bint Uthman |samamah]]
| mother = [[Khadija bint Khuwaylid]]
| father = [[Muhammad]]
| relatives = [[Qasim ibn Muhammad|Qasim]] {{small|(full-brother)}} [[Ruqayya bint Muhammad|Ruqayya]] {{small|(full-sister)}} [[Zainab bint Muhammad|Zainab]] {{small|(full-sister)}} [[Abd Allah ibn Muhammad|Abd Allah]] {{small|(full-brother)}} [[Fatimah]] {{small|(full-sister)}} [[Ibrahim ibn Muhammad|Ibrahim]] {{small|(half-brother)}} [[Ali]] {{small|(brother-in-law & fathers cousin)}} [[Abu al-As ibn al-Rabi'|Abu al-As]] {{small|(brother-in-law & maternal-cousin)}}
| family = [[Ahl al-Bayt|House of Muhammad]]
}}

'''Umm Kulthūm bint Muḥammad''' ({{lang-ar|أم كلثوم بنت محمد}}) ({{circa|603}}–630) was the third daughter of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammad]] by his first wife [[Khadija bint Khuwaylid]].

==Conversion to Islam==
She was born in [[Mecca]], probably the fifth of their six children.<ref name=Saad8>Muhammad ibn Saad. ''Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'' vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). ''The Women of Madina''. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.</ref>{{rp|10}} She was legally married before August 610 to [[Utaybah ibn Abi Lahab]], but the marriage was never consummated.<ref name=Saad8/>{{rp|26}}<ref name=Tabari39>Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk''. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). ''Volume 39: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors''. Albany: State University of New York Press.</ref>{{rp|163}} She was still living with her parents when Muhammad first declared himself a prophet, and Umm Kulthum became a [[Muslims|Muslim]] soon after her mother did.<ref name=Saad8/>{{rp|26}}

After Muhammad warned Abu Lahab of hellfire in 613, Abu Lahab told Utaybah that he would never speak to him again unless he divorced Umm Kulthum, so he did.<ref name=Saad8/>{{rp|26}} Her maternal brother, Hind ibn Abi Hala, asked Muhammad, "Why did you separate Umm Kulthum from Utaybah?" Muhammad replied, "Allah did not allow me to marry her to a person who is not going to Paradise."<ref name=Hajar>Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, ''Al-Isaba'' vol. 6 #9013.</ref>

Muhammad [[Hijrah|left]] Mecca in September 622. Before long [[Zayd ibn Haritha al-Kalbi|Zayd ibn Haritha]] brought instructions to Umm Kulthum and her sister [[Fatimah|Fatima]] to join their father in [[Medina]].<ref name=Tabari39/>{{rp|171–172}} Their uncle [[Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib|Al-Abbas]] put them on a camel; but as they were setting off, Huwayrith ibn Nuqaydh goaded the animal so that it threw them to the ground.<ref name=Hisham>Abdulmalik ibn Hisham. ''Notes to Ibn Hisham's Life of Muhammad''. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). ''The Life of Muhammad''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref>{{rp|773}} However, Umm Kulthum and Fatima arrived safely in Medina.<ref name=Saad8/>{{rp|26}}<ref name=Tabari39/>{{rp|163}} Muhammad remembered the assault and, when he [[Conquest of Mecca|conquered]] Mecca in 630, he sentenced Huwayrith to death.<ref name=Ishaq>Muhammad ibn Ishaq. ''The Life of Muhammad''. Guillaume, A. (1955). ''The Life of Muhammad''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</ref>{{rp|551}}

==Second marriage==
After the death of her sister [[Ruqayya bint Muhammad|Ruqayya]] left [[Uthman]] a widower, he married Umm Kulthum. The marriage was legally contracted in August/September 624,<ref name=Tabari9>Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk''. Translated by Poonawala, I. K. (1990). ''Volume 9: The Last Years of the Prophet''. Albany: State University of New York Press.</ref>{{rp|128}}<ref name=Tabari39/>{{rp|163}} but they did not live together until December. The marriage was childless.<ref name=Saad8/>{{rp|26}}<ref name=Tabari39/>{{rp|163}}

By 650 rebellions had broken out in the provinces of Egypt and Iraq. In 655 a group of Egyptian malcontents marched upon Medina, the seat of caliphal authority. ʿUthmān, however, was conciliatory, and the rebels headed back to Egypt. Shortly thereafter, however, another group of rebels besieged ʿUthmān in his home, and, after several days of desultory fighting, he was killed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-13 |title=Uthman ibn Affan {{!}} Biography, Achievements, & Assassination {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Uthman-ibn-Affan |access-date=2023-06-25 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Death==
Umm Kulthum died in November/December 630.<ref name=Saad8/>{{rp|26}}<ref name=Tabari39/>{{rp|11,163}} Her father tearfully conducted her funeral prayers; then [[Ali]], [[Usama ibn Zayd]] and [[Abu Talha al-Ansari|Abu Talha]] laid the corpse.<ref name=Saad8/>{{rp|27}}<ref name=Tabari39/>{{rp|11-12,163}} Muhammad said, "If I had ten daughters, I would marry them all to Uthman."<ref name=Saad8/>{{rp|26}} Uthman was known as ''Dhu al-Nurayn'' ("the possessor of the two lights") because it was believed that no other man had ever been married to two daughters of a prophet.<ref name=Kathir2>Ismail ibn Umar ibn Kathir. ''Al-Sira al-Nabawiyya''. Translated by Le Gassick, T. (1998). ''The Life of the Prophet Muhammad'', vol. 2. Reading, U.K.: Garnet Publishing.</ref>{{rp|369}}

== Twelver Shia View ==
Recent [[Shia Islam|Shia]] accounts don't consider her to have been a biological daughter of Muhammad; they regard [[Fatimah]] as his only biological daughter. According to most Shia, the narrations stipulating this are not authentic.<ref>Yasin T. al-Jibouri (1994), ''[http://www.al-islam.org/masoom/bios/khadija.htm Khadija Daughter of Khuwaylid] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060705150621/http://www.al-islam.org/masoom/bios/khadija.htm|date=2006-07-05}}''</ref><ref>Ordoni, Abu Muhammad; Muhammad Kazim Qazwini (1992), ''Fatima the Gracious'', Ansariyan Publications. ISBN B000BWQ7N6</ref>

==See also==
* [[Muhammad's children]]
* [[Fatimah]]
* [[Companions of the Prophet]]
* [[Zainab bint Muhammad]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Muhammad footer}}

[[Category:603 births]]
[[Category:630 deaths]]
[[Category:7th-century women]]
[[Category:Women companions of the Prophet]]
[[Category:Children of Muhammad]]
[[Category:Burials at Jannat al-Baqī]]

Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad - Revision history

Ajay Kumar: Created a new article